1、Part I Translationi.EN-CH:5 single sentences/paragraph/5 underlined sentences from a paragraph-80-100wordse.g.Overtheyears,wetendtothinkthatnucleartechnologiesandthenecessaryknowhowtoensurenuclearsafetyhavebeendevelopedtoalevelthatpossibilitiesforanymajornuclearaccidentsarealmostnonexistentandifitdo
2、eshappen,itwillbecontrolledinthecapablehandsofnuclearengineers.However,realityhasprovedagainthatyoujustcantbetoocarefultohandlenuclearenergy.WedontknowforsureyetwhatwillbeleftbehindJapansnuclearcrisis,butitwillbecertainthatitistimetoreexamineournuclearpracticesandmanymoreeffortsneedtobemadetoensuren
3、uclearsafetyinthefuture.(year 11)Part I TranslationSome issues about translation What translation is?Translation-a bilingual and bi-cultural art.What are the criteria for adequate and acceptable translation?Faithfulness?Smoothness?Elegance?Literal translation?Free translation?Part I Translation How
4、to translate?-the process of TranslationUnderstandingPresentationChecking structurewordswordingPart I Translation How to translate?-the process of translationI.Linguistic problems:Analysis of structure “It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us-that from these ho
5、nored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion-that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain-that this nation,under God,shall have a new birth of freedom-and that government of the people,by the people,for the peopl
6、e,shall not perish from the earth.”-The Gettysburg AddressPart I TranslationHow to translate?-the process of translationI.Linguistic problems:Analysis of structureFivebasicsentencestructures:1.S+VE.g.Therainstopped.2.S+V+SCE.g.Mysisterisanurse.3.S+V+OE.g.wearelearningEnglish.4.S+V+IO+DOE.g.Hermother
7、boughtheraskirt.5.S+V+O+OCE.g.WeelectedLiYangourmonitor.Part I TranslationHow to translate?-the process of translationI.Linguistic problems:Analysis of structureSome other issues:Parts of speech:e.g.The workers can fish.-Chinese version?Relation between words:e.g.The workers went on strike.-Chinese
8、version?-were,on strike is a state.Part I TranslationSkills for translation:a.Analysis of structure-figure out the main body of the sentence and clauses!subject clause-what/whatever/whoeverE.g.1）What he saw and heard on his trip gave him a very deep impression.他此行所见所闻都给他留下深刻的印象。2）It doesnt make diff
9、erence whether he attends the meeting or not.他参不参加会议没有多大关系。3.It is strange that she should have failed to see her own shortcomings.真奇怪，她竟然没有看出自己的缺点。Part I TranslationSkills for translation:a.Analysis of structure-figure out the main body of the sentence and clauses!Object/predicative clause-that/wha
10、t/howE.g.1）I told him that because of the last condition,Id have to turn it down.我告诉他，由于那最后一个条件，我只得谢绝。2）I take it for granted that you will come and talk the matter over with him.我想你会来跟他谈这件事的。3.What he emphasized over and over again was that,no matter how difficult it might be,they should never give
11、 up.他再三强调的就是，不管多么困难，他们绝不应该后退。Part I TranslationSkills for translation:a.Analysis of structure-figure out the main body of the sentence and clauses!Appositive clause-thatE.g.1）He expressed the hope that he would come to visit China again.他（表示）希望再次来中国访问(不提前)。2）It does not alter the fact that he is the
12、 man responsible for the delay.延迟应由他负责，这是改变不了的事实（提前）。3.But considered realistically,we had to face the fact that our prospects were less than good.但是现实地考虑一下，我们不得不正视这样的事实：我们的前景不妙（可用破折号或增加“即”）。Part I TranslationSkills for translation:a.Analysis of structure-figure out the main body of the sentence and
13、 clauses!Attributive clause-that/which/who/(除了what)E.g.1）The people who worked for him lived in mortal fear of him.在他手下工作的人对他怕得要死(定语前置)。2）He managed to raise a crop of 200 miracle tomatoes that weighed up to two pounds each.他居然种出了200个奇迹般的西红柿，每个重达2磅。（后置）3).There were the men in that crowd who had sto
14、od there every day for a month.在那群人中，有些人每天站在那里，站了一个月（溶合）。Part I TranslationSkills for translation:a.Analysis of structure-figure out the main body of the sentence and clauses!Attributive clause-that/which/who/(除了what)6）The sun,which had hidden all day,now came out in all its splendor.那个整天躲在云层里的太阳，现在
15、又光芒四射的路面了(非限制性定语前置)。7）Tom turned pale,and asked Jack to shut the door,who asked Green,who asked Nick,who pretended not to hear.汤姆脸色变得苍白，要杰克把门关上，杰克叫格林关，格林又叫尼克关，而尼克装着没听见。（后置）8).The men had suddenly awakened to the fact that there were beauty and significance in these trifles,flowers)which they had so
16、long trodden carelessly beneath their feet.这些花以前一直被这些人漫不经心地踩在脚下，现在他们突然意思到这些小玩意的美丽和意义了。Part I TranslationSkills for translation:a.Analysis of structure-figure out the main body of the sentence and clauses!Long sentences:If she had long lost the blue-eyed,flower-like charm,the cool slim purity of face
17、 and form,the apple-blossom coloring which had so swiftly and oddly affected Julia twenty-six years ago,she was still at forty-three a comely and faithful companion,whose cheeks were faintly mottled,and whose grey-blue eyes had acquired a certain fullness.分析：主句一个；状从一个；定从三个；假设状语从句中含定语从句。意思如下几层：1.她早已失
18、去了那蔚蓝色眼睛的、花儿般的魅力，也是掉了她脸儿和身段的冰清玉洁、苗条多姿的气质和苹果花似的颜色；2.26年这种花容月貌曾那样迅速而奇妙地影响过茱莉亚；3.在43岁的今天，她依旧是个好看而忠实的伴侣；4.不过两颊淡淡的有了点斑驳；5.灰蓝色的眼睛也有些饱满了。中文逻辑与原文一致-可按原顺序译。Part I TranslationSkills for translation:a.Analysis of structure-figure out the main body of the sentence and clauses!Long sentences:If she had long lost
19、 the blue-eyed,flower-like charm,the cool slim purity of face and form,the apple-blossom coloring which had so swiftly and oddly affected Julia twenty-six years ago,she was still at forty-three a comely and faithful companion,whose cheeks were faintly mottled,and whose grey-blue eyes had acquired a
20、certain fullness.Suggested translation:如果说她早已失去那种玉洁冰清、苗条多姿的气质和那苹果花似的颜色-26年这种花容月貌曾那样迅速而奇妙地影响过茱莉亚-那么在43岁的今天，她依旧是个好看而忠实的伴侣，不过两颊淡淡的有了点斑驳，而灰蓝色的眼睛也有些饱满了。Part I TranslationSkills for translation:a.Analysis of structure-figure out the main body of the sentence and clauses!Thestandardizededucationalorpsychol
21、ogicaltest that are widely used to aid in selecting,classifying,assigning,or promoting students,employees,and military personnelhavebeenthetargetofrecentattacksinbooks,magazines,thedailypress,andevenincongress.Part I TranslationSkills for translation:a.Analysis of structure-figure out the main body
22、of the sentence and clauses!Thetargetiswrong,forinattackingthetests,criticsdivertattentionfromthefaultthatlieswithill-informedorincompetentusers.Theteststhemselvesaremerelytools,withcharacteristicsthatcan be measured with reasonable precision under specified conditions.Whethertheresultswillbevaluabl
23、e,meaningless,orevenmisleadingdependspartlyuponthetoolitselfbutlargelyupontheuser.(year 07-4)Part I TranslationSkills for translation:a.Analysis of structure-figure out the main body of the sentence and clauses!EngineersaredevelopinganewtypeofInternetconnectionthatcouldcarrysomuchdatasoquicklyitmigh
24、tsurpriseevenNetsurfers.Thistechnologywouldopenuparoutethroughwhichdatacanbesentatspeedsthousandsoftimesfasterthanwhatspossiblenow.Part I TranslationSkills for translation:a.Analysis of structure-figure out the main body of the sentence and clauses!Ifallgoestoplan,thevastdataspeedsmaysoonbeavailable
25、toall.ThatmighthelpsolvetheproblemofhowtohandletheenormousgrowthinInternettraffic.Thetechnologywouldrequiresomenewsoftwareandfiber opticlinkstothePC,butotherwisenochangeinbasicfacilities.(year 08-5 sentences)Part I TranslationSkills for translation:a.Analysis of structure-figure out the main body of
26、 the sentence and clauses!Overtheyears,wetendtothinkthatnucleartechnologiesandthenecessaryknowhowtoensurenuclearsafetyhavebeendevelopedtoalevelthatpossibilitiesforanymajornuclearaccidentsarealmostnonexistentandifitdoeshappen,itwillbecontrolledinthecapablehandsofnuclearengineers.Part I TranslationSki
27、lls for translation:a.Analysis of structure-figure out the main body of the sentence and clauses!However,realityhasprovedagainthatyoujustcantbetoocarefultohandlenuclearenergy.WedontknowforsureyetwhatwillbeleftbehindJapansnuclearcrisis,butitwillbecertainthatitistimetoreexamineournuclearpracticesandma
28、nymoreeffortsneedtobemadetoensurenuclearsafetyinthefuture.(year 11-3 sentences)Part I TranslationTranslation practice Third handsmokeistobaccosmokecontaminationthatlingersincarpets,clothesandothermaterialshoursorevendaysafteracigaretteisputout.Accordingtoastudy,alargenumberofpeople,particularlysmoke
29、rs,havenoideathatthird handsmokeisahealthhazardforpeople.ofthe1,500smokersandnonsmokerssurveyed,thevastmajorityagreedthatSecond handsmokeisdangerous.Butwhenaskedwhethertheyagreedwiththestatement,“Breathingairinaroomtodaywherepeoplesmokedyesterdaycanharmyourhealth,”only65%ofnonsmokersand43%ofsmokersa
30、nswered“yes.”(Year 09)Part I TranslationTranslation practice Anecosystemisagroupofanimalsandplantslivinginaspecificregionandinteractingwithoneanotherandwiththeirphysicalenvironment.Ecosystemsincludephysicalandchemicalcomponents,suchassoils,water,andnutrientsthatsupporttheorganismslivingthere.Theseor
31、ganismsmayrangeformlargeanimalstomicroscopicbacteria.Ecosystemalsocanbethoughtofastheinteractionsamongallorganismsinagivenarea;forinstance,onespeciesmayserveasfoodforanother.Peoplearepartoftheecosystemswheretheyliveandwork.Humanactivitiescanharmordestroylocalecosystemsunlessactionssuchaslanddevelopm
32、entforhousingorbusinessesarecarefullyplannedtoconserveandsustaintheecologyofthearea.(year 10)Part I TranslationSkills for translationa.Analysis of structureStructure analysis in translation:orderHe had flown in just the day before from Beihai where he had spent his vacation basking in the sun after
33、the completion of the construction job he had been engaged in in Harbin.1232Part I TranslationSkills for translationa.Analysis of structureStructure analysis in translationChinese version:他本来在哈尔滨从事一项建筑工程，任务完成后，他就到北海去度他本来在哈尔滨从事一项建筑工程，任务完成后，他就到北海去度假，享受阳光，昨天才坐飞机回来。假，享受阳光，昨天才坐飞机回来。1232Part I Translation
34、Skills for translationUnderstanding of wordsE.g.LastTry to translate the following sentences1.He is the last man to come2.He is the last man to do it.3.He is the last man for such a job.4.He should be the last man to blame.5.He is the last man to discuss.6.This is the last place where I expected to
35、meet you.Part I TranslationTranslate from Chinese to EnglishStrategies i.Find the root of the sentenceii.Convert into the ones that you are farmilar withiii.Wording by readingPart I TranslationTranslate from Chinese to Englishi.Find the root of the sentence最近一项调查表明，中国大部分的建筑无论是办公楼还是居民楼，消耗的电资源或水资源比发达国
36、家的同类建筑都要多，例如，北京的居民平均消耗气候类似的德国北部家庭的三倍。中国是资源短缺的国家，我们必须节约资源，才能保证我国经济持续发展。(year 07)AsurveymaderecentlyindicatesthatmostofbuildingsinChina,nomatterforofficeorresidentialpurpose,allconsumemoreelectricityandwaterresourcescomparedtothatofforeigncountries.Forinstance,energyconsumptionforBeijingresidentsisthr
37、eetimesasmuchasthatofthefamiliesinnorthGermanunderthesimilarwhetherconditions.AsChinaisanenergyshortagecountry,thereforeweChineseshouldsave(economize)resourcessoastoensurethesustainabledevelopmentforChineseeconomy.Part I TranslationTranslate from Chinese to Englishi.Find the root of the sentence当前我国
38、经济发展迅速，能源供应的压力较大，这跟我国当前经济和社会发展所处的阶段不无关系。但是，不管我们处于哪个发展阶段，如果消耗能源过多，就会因此受到惩罚，面临能源匮乏，环境污染和生态破坏等困境。(year 08)CurrentlywiththerapiddevelopmentofeconomyinChina,thepressureofenergysupplyiscomparativelyheavy,whichislargelyrelatedtothephaseofsocialandeconomicdevelopment.However,nomatterwhatstagewebelongto,over
39、 consumingenergywillputusintothedilemmaofenergyshortage,environmentpollutionandecologicaldisruptionandwewillbeinevitablypunished.Part I TranslationTranslate from Chinese to Englishi.Find the root of the sentence有朝一日我身为人母，我会带孩子们去野营。我会让他们体验在篝火（campfire）上烧烤食物的乐趣。我会告诉他们，在草地上睡觉并不脏。我会让他们知道，天上的星星不止是童话故事的素材
40、，还有实际的用途，例如可以为迷路的人指引方向。这样的户外活动也是一种教育。(year 09)IfeverIbecomeaparent,Iwillbringmychildrencamping.Iwillletthemenjoythefunofbarbecuingoveracampfire.Iwillteachthemthatthereisnothingdirtyaboutsleepingonthegrass.Iwillletthemknowthatstarsintheskyarenotonlystuffinfairytales,butalsoofpracticaluse,suchasguidin
41、gthosewhogetlost.Suchoutdooractivityisalsoakindofeducation.Part I TranslationTranslate from Chinese to Englishi.Find the root of the sentence全球化作为一种新的经济和社会发展趋势，给中国带来了机遇，也带来了挑战。一方面，中国正成为世界制造业中心并在国际舞台上发挥着日益重要的作用；另一方面，我们也面临着如何在全球化进程中既要发展经济，又能传承优秀文化传统的问题。(year 10)Asaneweconomicandsocialtreads,globalizat
42、ionhasbroughtChinaopportunitiesandchallengesaswell.Ontheonehand,Chinaisontheroadtobecometheworldsmanufacturingcenterandplayinganincreasinglysignificantroleintheinternationalarena;ontheotherhand,wearefacedwiththeproblemthathownotonlyshouldtheeconomyisbeingdeveloped,butalsotheoutstandingculturaltradit
43、ionscanbepassedonintheprocessofglobalization.Part I TranslationTranslate from Chinese to Englishi.Find the root of the sentence中国有着5000年的文化传统，历经劫波而生生不息，我们一定要充分发扬祖国的文化传统。同时我们也懂得，要学习和借鉴世界先进的文明。只有这样，才能使祖国的文化得到进一步发展，也就是我常说的，只有开放包容，才能使祖国强大。(year 11)Chinahas5000yearsofculturaltradition.Havingundergonevari
44、oushardships,thecountrystillmaintainsitsvitalitygenerationaftergeneration.Itisimperativeforustofullyadvanceourmotherlandsculturalheritageaswellastolearnfromcivilizationsoftheworld.Onlyinthiswaycanourmotherlandmakefurtherdevelopment.Inotherwords,preservingourtraditionalcultureswhilebeingopenandtolerantwillmakeourcountrymoreprosperous.
