1、 非谓语动词非谓语动词 Non-Non-predicatepredicate VerbsVerbs高考语法复习系列高考语法复习系列1一一 什么叫非谓语动词？与谓语动词有什么区别？什么叫非谓语动词？与谓语动词有什么区别？二二 非谓语动词有哪些？非谓语动词有哪些？有哪些具体的不同形式？有哪些具体的不同形式？三三 不同的非谓语动词表示的动作与谓语动词表示不同的非谓语动词表示的动作与谓语动词表示 的动作的先后关系是什么？的动作的先后关系是什么？四四 非谓语动词在句中通常作什么成分？非谓语动词在句中通常作什么成分？I.要点知识要点知识检查检查及重难点强调及重难点强调与提醒与提醒 2一、一、什么叫非谓语动
2、词？与谓语动词有什么区别？什么叫非谓语动词？与谓语动词有什么区别？非谓语动词就是不能作句子谓语而具有其他语非谓语动词就是不能作句子谓语而具有其他语法功能的动词。法功能的动词。3 At last,we found ourselves in a pleasant park with trees providing shade and _ down to eat our picnic lunch.(2005上海）上海）A.sitting B.having sat C.to sit D.satD Prices of daily goods _ through a computer can be low
3、er than store prices.A.are bought B.bought C.have been bought D.buyingB4非谓语不定式（不定式（to do)to do)过去分词过去分词(-ed)-ing-ing 分词分词-ed-ed 分词分词二二 非谓语动词有哪些？非谓语动词有哪些？5非谓语动词有哪些不同的形式？非谓语动词有哪些不同的形式？动词不动词不定式定式过去过去分词分词to be doneto have been done being done having been done及物动词的过去分词既表示及物动词的过去分词既表示被动又表示动作已完成被动又表示动作已完成,
4、个个别动词的过去分词只表示完别动词的过去分词只表示完成成(多数为不及物动词多数为不及物动词)主动形式主动形式被动形式被动形式to doto have donedoinghaving done不定式除一般式、完成式以外还有不定式除一般式、完成式以外还有_进行式进行式done-ing-ing 分词分词6 三 非谓语动词所表示的动作与谓语动词表示非谓语动词所表示的动作与谓语动词表示的动作的先后关系是什么？的动作的先后关系是什么？弄清非谓语动词表示的动作与谓语动词表示的动作弄清非谓语动词表示的动作与谓语动词表示的动作之间的先后关系是解题的关键所在之间的先后关系是解题的关键所在在谓语表示的动作之后在谓语
5、表示的动作之后与谓语表示的动作同时与谓语表示的动作同时发生发生在谓语表示的动作之前在谓语表示的动作之前to do/to be done to do/to be done/to be doing;doing/being done;done;to have done/to have been done;having done/having been done7四四 非谓语动词在句中通常作什么成分？非谓语动词在句中通常作什么成分？8 不定式和不定式和inging分词均能作主语，二者有何区别？分词均能作主语，二者有何区别？1.1.表示某一具体的动作时，多用不定式；表表示某一具体的动作时，多用不定式；表
6、示比较抽象的一般行为倾向的，多用动名词。示比较抽象的一般行为倾向的，多用动名词。2.2.动名词作主语动名词作主语 时通常位于句首；不定式作主时通常位于句首；不定式作主语时常置于句末，用语时常置于句末，用itit作形式主语放在句首。作形式主语放在句首。1)Smoking is prohibited(禁止禁止)here.2)It is not very good for you to smoke so much.(抽象抽象)(具体具体)Seeing is believing.To see is to believe.若主语和表语都是非谓语动词若主语和表语都是非谓语动词,应保持形式应保持形式 上的一
7、致。上的一致。91).Its necessary to be prepared for a job interview._the answers ready will be of great help.A.To have B.Having had C.Have D.Having 2).In fact _ is a hard job for the police to keep order in an important match.A.this B.that C.there D.it DD10下列句型中常用动名词作主语下列句型中常用动名词作主语:It is/was no use/goodnot
8、 any use/goodof little use/gooduseless+doing sth.1112不定式和动名词都可作宾语不定式和动名词都可作宾语,有何区别？有何区别？2.有些动词后只跟动名词作宾语有些动词后只跟动名词作宾语3.有些动词后既可以跟不定式又可以有些动词后既可以跟不定式又可以跟动名词作宾语，意义上无多大区别跟动名词作宾语，意义上无多大区别4.有些动词后既可以跟不定式，又可以跟有些动词后既可以跟不定式，又可以跟动名词作宾语，但意义上有明显差别动名词作宾语，但意义上有明显差别 1.有些动词后只跟不定式作宾语有些动词后只跟不定式作宾语13 1.有些动词后只跟不定式作宾语，如：有些
9、动词后只跟不定式作宾语，如：manage,promise,pretend,plan,offer,agree,ask,dare,choose,fail,help(帮助帮助)，want(想要想要),refuse等。等。2.2.有些动词后只跟动名词作宾语，如有些动词后只跟动名词作宾语，如：practise,appreciate,dislike,excuse,forgive,keep,resist,risk,deny,advise,fancy,complete,forbid,permit,allow,stand,refer to,give up,lead to,take to,set about,ge
10、t down to,object to,succeed in,have difficulty in.141)I cant stand _ with Jane in the same office.She just refuses _ talking while she works.A.working;stopping B.to work;stopping C.working;to stop D.to work;to stop 2)He got well-prepared for the job interview,for he couldnt risk _ the good opportuni
11、ty.A.to lose B.losing C.to be lost D.being lostCB15 3.3.有些动词如有些动词如begin,start;love,like,hate,prefer后既可以跟不定式又可以跟后既可以跟不定式又可以跟inging分词作宾语，分词作宾语，意义上无多大区别意义上无多大区别(但但inging分词分词一般表示经常性一般表示经常性的行为；不定式表示具体的行为的行为；不定式表示具体的行为)。I like _ very much,but I dont like _ this afternoon.A.swimming,swimming B.to swim,to s
12、wim C.swimming,to swim D.to swim,swimming C16 Little Jim should love _ to the theatre this evening A.to be taken B.to take C.being taken D.taking如果如果like,love,prefer前有前有would/should,后面则应该接动词不定式。后面则应该接动词不定式。AAwould like 还有哪些用法？还有哪些用法？17思考：下列情况中动词后思考：下列情况中动词后接不定式还是接接不定式还是接ing 分词作宾语呢？分词作宾语呢？1.Only then
13、 did I begin _(see)she was really good to me.2.The moment he returned home,I was starting/beginning _(cook)supper.3.The water began _(freeze).184.4.有些动词后既可以跟不定式，又可以跟动名词有些动词后既可以跟不定式，又可以跟动名词作宾语，但意义上有明显差别。作宾语，但意义上有明显差别。讨论：有哪些单词或短语？讨论：有哪些单词或短语？go on(stop/remember/regret)to do/doinggo on(stop/remember/re
14、gret)to do/doing cant help to do/doing cant help to do/doing be used to do/doing be used to do/doing (get used to doing)(get used to doing)(used to do)(used to do)1920Children should be allowed _ their own decisions.A.making B.to make C.make D.having madeBMy advisor encouraged _ a summer course to i
15、mprove my writing skills.A.for me taking B.me taking C.for me to take D.me to take D211.1.能接带能接带toto的不定式作宾语补足语和主语补的不定式作宾语补足语和主语补 足语的动词有：足语的动词有：ask,advise,tell,force,get,allow,want,wish,like,hate,prefer,intend,expect,encourage,persuade,permit,request,order,warn,cause等等。222.2.使役动词，感官动词接使役动词，感官动词接 不带不带
16、to to 的不定式作宾语补足语；的不定式作宾语补足语；和带和带toto的不定式作主语补足语。的不定式作主语补足语。常见的使役动词有常见的使役动词有make,let,have等；等；感官动词有感官动词有see,hear,watch,observe,notice,feel以及以及look at,listen to等。等。翻译：翻译：你宁愿让谁和你一起去？你宁愿让谁和你一起去？233.3.不定式和分词作宾语补足语或主语补足不定式和分词作宾语补足语或主语补足语表达的意义不同。语表达的意义不同。I heard her _(sing)an English song just now.I heard he
17、r _(sing)an English song when I passed by her room yesterday.I heard the English song _(sing)many times.(4)I heard the English song _(sing)when I passed by her room yesterday.singsingingsungbeing sung2425 不定式、不定式、ing 分词和过去分词分词和过去分词都可以作定语，都可以作定语，主要区别在于它们的时态意义和语态意义。主要区别在于它们的时态意义和语态意义。不定式作定语和被修饰的名词具有不定
18、式作定语和被修饰的名词具有“动宾关动宾关 系系”,即被修饰的名词是不定式的动作的承受即被修饰的名词是不定式的动作的承受 者者;如果不定式是不及物动词，就要在不定式如果不定式是不及物动词，就要在不定式 动词后加上相应的介词动词后加上相应的介词26分词作定语与动词不定式作定语的区别是：分词作定语与动词不定式作定语的区别是：现在分词表示主动、进行之意；过去分词表现在分词表示主动、进行之意；过去分词表示被动与完成；而不定式表示在谓语动词表示被动与完成；而不定式表示在谓语动词表示的动作之后即将发生的动作。例如：示的动作之后即将发生的动作。例如：The question _(discuss)at the
19、meeting yesterday is of quite importance.The question _(discuss)at the meeting now is of quite importance.The question _(discuss)at the meeting tomorrow is of quite importance.discussedbeing discussedto be discussed27注：注：ing分词作定语有时意义不同：分词作定语有时意义不同：flying fish 飞鱼飞鱼 a running dog 走狗走狗 a falling tide 落
20、潮落潮 a crying boy 哭着的孩子哭着的孩子 a running machine a swimming pool a waiting room a walking stick a fishing pole a reading room2829 能作状语的有不定式、现在分词和过能作状语的有不定式、现在分词和过去分词。作什么样的状语往往取决去分词。作什么样的状语往往取决于它们的位置和在句中的意义。于它们的位置和在句中的意义。30Practise1).When _(heat)water will be changed into vapour.While _(heat)water,we ca
21、n change it into vapour.2)_(see)from the hill,the city looks beautiful._(see)from the hill,you will find the city beautiful.3)Generally speaking,when _(take)according to the directions,the drug has no side effect.If _(take)the drug according to the directions,you will be better soon.heatedheatingSee
22、nSeeing takentaking31分词作状语时的逻辑主语问题分词作状语时的逻辑主语问题 分词作状语时，其逻辑主语必须同句子的主语分词作状语时，其逻辑主语必须同句子的主语一致；如果不一致，需在分词前加一个逻辑主语，一致；如果不一致，需在分词前加一个逻辑主语，分词和它的逻辑主语合称独立主格结构或用状语分词和它的逻辑主语合称独立主格结构或用状语从句。从句。1)Being an orphan,the nurse treated him kindly.2)He being an orphan,the nurse treated him kindly.3)As he was an orphan,t
23、he nurse treated him kindly.FTT(True or false)32现在分词与不定式作结果状语时的区别现在分词与不定式作结果状语时的区别 1).European football is played in 80 countries,_ it the most popular sport in the world.(NMET 1998)A.making B.makes C.make D.to make 2).He hurried to the station only _ that the train had left.(2005广东广东)A.to find B.fi
24、nding C.found D.to have found 现在分词作结果状语往往表示现在分词作结果状语往往表示“正常出现的、正常出现的、自自然而然的或意料之中然而然的或意料之中”的结果。不定式作结果状的结果。不定式作结果状语语时通常表示时通常表示“偶然的、出乎意料的偶然的、出乎意料的”一种结果一种结果 AA3334 动名词做表语是对主语内容的解释解或用来表动名词做表语是对主语内容的解释解或用来表示示“身份、职业身份、职业”等。这时主语与表语位置可以等。这时主语与表语位置可以互换互换 The main job of the ant queen is laying eggs.Our work i
25、s serving the people 35 表示心理状态的动词如表示心理状态的动词如excite,interest等都是及物等都是及物动词，汉语注解不是动词，汉语注解不是“激动激动”、“高兴高兴”，而是，而是“使得使得激激动动”、“使高兴使高兴”，因而现在分词应该是，因而现在分词应该是“令人激动令人激动的的”、“令人高兴的令人高兴的”，过去分词则是，过去分词则是“感到激动的感到激动的”和和“感感到高到高兴的兴的”。所以，凡表示。所以，凡表示“令人令人的的”都是都是-ing形式，形式，凡凡是表示是表示“感到感到 ”都用都用-ed形式。换句话说，若人形式。换句话说，若人对对感兴趣，就是感兴趣，
26、就是somebody is interested in.，若人若人/物本身有趣时，就是物本身有趣时，就是sb./sth.is interesting。现在分词和过去分词作表语的区别现在分词和过去分词作表语的区别36delighting令人高兴的令人高兴的delighted感到高兴的感到高兴的disappointing 令人失望的令人失望的disappointed 感到感到 失望的失望的encouraging 令人鼓舞的令人鼓舞的encouraged 感到鼓感到鼓 舞的舞的pleasing 令人愉快的令人愉快的pleased 感到愉快的感到愉快的puzzling 令人费解的令人费解的puzzle
27、d 感到费解的感到费解的satisfying 令人满意的令人满意的satisfied 感到满意的感到满意的surprising 令人惊异的令人惊异的surprised 感到惊异的感到惊异的worrying 令人担心的令人担心的worried 感到担心的感到担心的37 动名词的复合结构动名词的复合结构 动名词的复合结构由物主代词或人称代词宾动名词的复合结构由物主代词或人称代词宾格、名词所有格或普通格加动名词构成。格、名词所有格或普通格加动名词构成。1)LiPings/My helping her moved her deeply.2)I appreciate your/you/LiPings/L
28、iPing coming to see me.3)Is there any hope of our team winning the match?4)What made me angry was many students failing in the exam.(动名词结构作宾语动名词结构作宾语,其逻辑主语用宾格或所有格均其逻辑主语用宾格或所有格均可可)(动名词结构作主语动名词结构作主语,其逻辑主语用所有格其逻辑主语用所有格)(逻辑主语是无生命名词时逻辑主语是无生命名词时,只用普通格只用普通格)(以以-s 结尾的名词结尾的名词,只用普通格只用普通格)381)I would appreciat
29、e _ back this afternoon.A.you to call B.you call C.your calling D.youre calling 2)_ made her mother very angry.A.Mary marrying Jim B.Marys married Jim C.Marys marrying Jim D.Marys being married JimC C 393).The discovery of new evidence led to _.A.the thief having caught B.catch the thief C.the thief
30、 being caught D.the thief to be caught4).The noise of _ could be heard out in the street.A.desks opening and closing B.desks opened and closed C.desks being opened and closed D.desks being opened and closedC C 40独立主格结构独立主格结构练习：练习：造一个含有独立主格结造一个含有独立主格结构的句子构的句子411.All flights_ because of the snowstorm,
31、we decided to take the train.A.were canceled B.had been canceled C.having canceled D.having been canceled2._ for a long time,most of the crops in this area died from lacking water.A.Being no rain B.There was no rain C.To be no rain D.There being no rain3.Everything _ into consideration,they believed
32、 themselves more and returned to their positions.A.to take B.taken C.to be taken D.takingDDB42II.巩固巩固 练习（练习（07高考真题检测）高考真题检测）1.Come on,please give me some ideas about the project.Sorry.With so much work _ my mind,I almost break down.（07福建卷）福建卷）A.filledB.filling C.to fillD.being filled2.John received
33、an invitation to dinner,and with his work _ he gladly accepted it.（07安徽卷）安徽卷）A.finishedB.finishingC.having finishedD.was finished3.Robert is indeed a wise man.Oh,yes.How often I have regretted _ his advice!（07安徽卷）安徽卷）A.to take B.taking C.not to takeD.not taking434.The children talked so loudly at di
34、nner table that I had to struggle _.（07浙江卷）浙江卷）A.to be heardB.to have heardC.hearingD.being heard5._ by a greater demand for vegetables,farmers have built more green houses.（07浙江卷）浙江卷）A.DrivenB.Being drivenC.To driveD.Having driven6.As the light turned green,I stood for a moment,not _,and asked myse
35、lf what I was going to do.（07湖南卷）湖南卷）moved B.movingC.to moveD.being moved447.“Things _ never come again!”I couldnt help talking to myself.（07湖南卷）湖南卷）A.lostB.losingC.to loseD.have lost8.Please remain _ until the plane has come to a complete stop.（07山东卷）山东卷）A.to seatB.to be seatedC.seatingD.seated459.
36、At the beginning of class,the noise of desks _ could be heard outside the classroom.（07全国卷全国卷II）A.opened and closedB.to be opened and closedC.being opened and closedD.to open and close10.Peter received a letter just now _ his grandma would come to see him soon.（07四川卷）四川卷）A.said B.says C.saying D.to
37、say11.He is a student at Oxford University,_ for a degree in computer science.（07北京）北京）studied B.studyingC.to have studiedD.to be studying4612.The children went home from the grammar school,their lessons _ for the day.（07重庆卷）重庆卷）A.finishing B.finishedC.had finished D.were finished13.I smell somethin
38、g _ in the kitchen.Can I call you back in a minute?（07全国全国I）A.burning B.burnt C.being burnt D.to be burnt14.When asked why he went there,he said he was sent there _ for a space flight.（07江西卷）江西卷）training B.being trained A.C.to have trained D.to be trained4715.Can I smoke here?Sorry.We dont allow _ h
39、ere.（07江苏卷）江苏卷）A.people smoking B.people smoke C.to smoke D.smoking16.He is very popular among his students as he always tries to make them _ in his lectures.（07江苏卷）江苏卷）A.interested B.interesting C.interest D.to interest17.As a result of the serious flood,two-thirds of the buildings in the area _.（0
40、7陕陕西卷）西卷）A.need repairingB.needs to repairC.needs repairingD.need to repair4819.The glass doors have taken the place of the wooden ones at the entrance,_ in the natural light during the day.（07天津卷）天津卷）A.to letB.lettingC.letD.having let20.After a knock at the door,the child heard his mothers voice _
41、him.（07上海卷）上海卷）A.callingB.calledC.being calledD.to call4921.The Town Hall _ in the 1800s was the most distinguished building at that time.（07上海卷）上海卷）A.to be completedB.having been completedC.completedD.being completed50（08高考真题检测）高考真题检测）1(08全国卷全国卷I 26)I like getting up very early in summer.The mornin
42、g air is so good _.A.to be breathed B.to breathe C.breathing D.being breathed2(08全国卷全国卷II 12)The director had her assistant _ some hot dogs for the meeting.A.picked up B.picks up C.pick up D.picking up 3(08北京卷北京卷 24)_ that she was going off to sleep,I asked if shed like that little doll on her bed.A
43、.Seeing B.To see C.See D.Seen514(08北京卷北京卷 31)Did the book give the information you needed?Yes.But _ it,I had to read the entire book.A.to find B.find C.to finding D.finding5(08北京卷北京卷 32)I feel greatly honored _ into their society.A.to welcome B.welcoming C.to be welcomed D.welcomed6(08北京卷北京卷 35)It i
44、s worth considering what makes“convenience”foods so popular,and _ _ better ones of your own.A.introduces B.to introduce C.introducing D.introduced 527(08上海春卷上海春卷 32)As a new driver,I have to practise _ the car in my small garage again and againA.parking B.to park C.parked D.park8(08上海春卷上海春卷 34)Due t
45、o the heavy rain and flooding,ten million people have been forced _their homes A.leaving B.to leave C.to be left D.being left 9(08上海春卷上海春卷 38)Throughout history,the language _ by a powerful group spreads across a civilization A.speaking B.spoken C.to speak D.to be spoken5310(08上海春卷上海春卷39)If we have
46、illegal immigrants _ in,many local workers will lose their jobs A.came B.coming C.to come D.having come 11(08上海卷上海卷30)My sister,an inexperienced rider,was found sitting on the bicycle _ to balance it.A.having tried B.trying C.to try D.tried12(08上海卷上海卷33)If theres a lot of work _,I am happy to just k
47、eep on until it is finished.A.to do B.to be doing C.done D.doing5413(08上海卷上海卷35)Something as simple as _ some cold water may clear your mind or relieve pressure.A.to drink B.drinking C.to be drinking D.drunk14(08上海卷上海卷37)Ideally _ for Broadway theatres and Fifth Avenue,the New York Park is a favouri
48、te with many guests.A.locating B.being located C.having been located D.located 15(08天津卷天津卷 04)_ their hats into the air,the fans of the winning team let out loud shouts of victory.A.To throw B.Thrown C.Throwing D.Being thrown5516(08重庆卷重庆卷 29)to reach them on the phone,we sent an email instead A.Fail
49、 B.Failed C.To fail D.Having failed17(08辽宁卷辽宁卷 27)He was busy writing a story,only _ once in a while to smoke a cigarette.A.to stop B.stoppingC.to have stopped D.having stopped18(08辽宁卷辽宁卷 31)Please remain _;the winner of the prize will be announced soon.A.seatingB.seated C.to seatD.to be seated19(08
50、山东卷山东卷 35)Lucys new job paid twice as much as she had made _ in the restaurant.A.working B.work C.to workD.worked5620(08江苏卷江苏卷 29)They are quiet,arent they?Yes.They are accustomed _ at meals.A.to talkB.to not talkC.to talkingD.to not talking21(08江苏卷江苏卷 34)To learn English well,we should find opportu
