1、动词的语态被动语态的基本结构被动语态的基本结构是由“主语+be+及物动词的过去分词”。几种常见的时态及情态动词的主动语态和被动语态时态主动语态被动语态主动语态例句被动语态例句 一般现在时do/doesam/is/are+doneMaomorrowny people speak Chinese.许多人说汉语。Chinese is spoken by many people.汉语被许多人讲。一般过去时didwas/were+doneHe made the cake.他做了这个蛋糕。The cake was made by him.这个蛋糕是由他做的。现在进行时am/is/are+doingam/i
2、s/was+being doneShe was writing a letter this time yesterday.她昨天此时正在写信。The bike is being repaired by him.这辆自行车正在被他修理。过去进行时was/were+doingwas/were+being doneHe will wash clothes tomorrow.他明天会洗衣服。A letter was being written by her this time yesterday.昨天此时，一封信正由她写。时态主动语态被动语态主动语态例句被动语态例句一般将来时will/shall+do
3、;am/is/aregoing to+dowill/shall+be done;am/is/aregoing to+be doneHe will wash clothes tomorrow.他明天会洗衣服。Clothes will be washed by him tomorrow.明天衣服会被他洗。现在完成时have/has+donehave/has+been doneTom has finished the work.汤姆已经完成了工作。The work has been finished by Tom.这项工作已由汤姆完成。过去完成时had+donehad+been+doneShe ha
4、d cooked the meal before her parents came back.在她父母回来之前，她已经做好饭了。The meal had been cooked by her before her parents came back.在她父母回来之前，饭已经被她做好了。过去将来时shuold/would+doshuold/would+be doneHe said he wuold mend the bike.他说他会修理这辆自行车。He said the bike would be mended by him.他说这辆自行车会被他修理。含有情态动词的can/may/must+d
5、ocan/may/must+be doneI can find the car.我能找到这辆小汽车。The car can be found by me.这辆小汽车能被我发现。被动语态的用法1.不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。Some computers were stolen last night.一些电脑在昨晚被盗了。（不知道电脑是被谁偷的。）This book was published in 1981.这本书出版于1981年。（没有必要说出出版者）歌 诀 谁做的动作不知道，说出谁做的没有必要；动作承受者需强调，被动语态运用到。2.强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。The w
6、indow was broken by Mike.窗户是麦克打破的。This book was written by him.这本书时他写的。3.动作的发出者不是人。Many houses were washed away in the flood.在洪水中许多房子被冲走了。4.固定句式中常用被动语态 一些表示“据说”或“相信”的动词“believe,consider,expect,report,say,suppose,think”等可以用于句型“It+be+过去分词+that从句”。It is said that the boy hasn passed the national exam.=
7、The boy is said to have passed the national exam.据说这个男孩通过了全国考试。必须熟记的结构It is said that.据说 It is reported that.据报道It is believed taht.大家相信 It is hoped that.大家希望It is well known that.众所周知 It is thought that.大家认为It is suggested that.据建议主动语态变被动语态的用方法1.一般变化方法（1）把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语，若主句中的宾语是人称代词，要将宾格变为主格。All
8、the people laughted at him.=He was laughted at by all the people.所有人都嘲笑他。（2）把谓语变成被动结构（be+过去分词）They make the bikes in the factory.=The bikes are made by them in the factory.他们在工厂里制造自行车。（3）把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后做宾语，将主格改为宾格 He wrote the book in 1997.=The book was written by him in 1997.他在1997年写了这本书。（4）含有情态动
9、词的主动句变成被动句时，由“情态动词+be+过去分词”构成，原来带有to的情态动词变成被动语态后to仍要保留。You ought to take it away.=It ought to be taken away by you.你应该把它带走。分 析主动语态 Tom finished the task yesterday.主语 谓语 宾语 状语被动语态 The task was finished by Tom yesterday.原宾语 be+done by+原主语 状语重 要 总 结 简接宾语前带有to的动词有：take past bring send give lend 简接宾语前带有f
10、or的动词有：find make cook buy get2.几种特殊情况的被动语态（1）带双宾语的谓语动词变为被动语态 谓语动词带双宾语时，既可以将间接宾语转化为主语，也可将直接宾语转化为主语。若将间接宾语转化为主语，则保留直接宾语；若将直接宾语转化为主语，则保留间接宾语，且在被保留的间接宾语前加上介词to或for。The crowed gave the guest a warm welcome.人们热情地欢迎客人。The crowed gave the guest a warm welcome.人们热情地欢迎客人。被动语态：间接宾语变为主语 The guest was given a wa
11、rm welcome by the crowed.被动语态：直接宾语变为主语 A warm welcome was given to the guest by the crowed.(2)带复合宾语的动词变为被动语态 宾语加上补足语一起构成复合宾语，变被动语态时只把宾语变为被动句的主语，宾语补足语保留在原处，成为主语补足语。I saw some girls dancing on the playground.我看到一些女孩子正在操场上跳舞。被动语态：Some girls were seen dancing on the playground by me.(3)不定式在使役动词have,make
12、,get,let以及感官动词see,find,watch,notice,hear,feel等后面做宾语补足语时，在主动结构中不定式to要省略，但变为被动结构时，要加to.I saw him come downstairs.我看见他下楼了。被动语态：He was seen to come downstairs by me.(4)短语动词变为被动语态 许多由不及物动词构成的短语动词，可以有宾语，也可任意有被动语态。We should take good care for the children.我们应该好好照顾孩子。被动语态：of不可省略The children should be taken
13、good care of.易 错 点 提 醒 短语动词是一个不可分割的整体，在变为被动语态时，不可丢掉构成短语动词的介词或副词。We should speak to the old politely.我们应该与礼貌地跟老人讲话。变为被动语态：The old should be spoken to politely by us.3.被动语态的一些特殊运用形式（1）open,lock,write,read,sell,clean,wash,cut,burn,drive等词作不及物动词时，它们的主语是物，可用主动语态表示被动意义。This kind of pens writes very smooth
14、ly.这种钢笔写起来很流畅。This kind of shirts sells well here.这种衬衫在这里很好卖。(2）look,sound,taste,smell等系动词用主动形式表示被动意义。The cake smells delicious.蛋糕闻起来很香。School uniforms look good on us.我们穿着校服很好看。(3）be worth doing中，doing表示被动意义。This film is wroth seeing.这部电影值得看一看。(4)“need/require+doing”形式，相当于“need/require+to be done”,
15、用主动形式表示被动意义。My bike needs repairing.=My bike needs to be repaired.我的自行车需要修理。易 错 点 提 醒 被动形式表主动意义的重点短语1.be lost迷路They were lost in the desert for nine days.他们在沙漠里迷路了9天。2.be dressed穿着 The little girl was dressed in a very short skirt.小女孩穿着一条很短的裙子。4.不用被动语态的情况（1）主动句的宾语是each other或反身代词时，不能用于被动语态。The man i
16、ntroduced himself as Mr.White.那人自我介绍说他是怀特先生。They help each other study English.他们互相帮助学习英语。(2）当主动语态的谓语动词是表示状态的及物动词时，不能用于被动语态。We will have a meeting.我们将召开一次会议。(3）主动句的宾语是不定式或动名词时，不能用作被动语态的主语。My mother enjoys watching TV.我妈妈喜欢看电视。He asked to have a try.他请求试一下。考试必考题型()1.Uncle Sam.I have to leave right no
17、w.What a pity!I thought you a little longer with us.A.stayed B.will stay C.had stayed D.would stay句意：山姆大叔，我现在得走了，太遗憾了！我以为你会和我们多待一会儿，【解析】主句是一般过去时，从句表达的内容是没发生的动作，故用过去将来时，其结构为“would+动词原形”【答案】D()2.Look at that sign.Smoking here.A.isnt allowed B.doesnt allow C.arent allowed D.dont allow句意：看那个标识，这儿不准吸烟。【解
18、析】smoking与allow之间为被动关系排除B、D两项；smoking是动名词，作主语时谓语动词用单数，故选A.【答案】A()3.In recent years different ways to recycle the plastic wastes.A.tried B.were tried C.have tried D.have been tried句意：近年来已经尝试了不同的方法回收塑料垃圾。【解析】主语是动作的承受者，用被动语态，时态为现在完成时，故动词结构为“have been+动词的过去分词”.【答案】D()4.How often do I need to feed the do
19、g?It food every day,or it will be hungry.A.must give B.must be give C.must be given D.must be gave句意：我需要多久喂一次狗？它必须每天喂，否则它会饿的。【解析】含有情态动词的被动语态的构成为：情态动词+be+动词的过去分词。【答案】C()5.At last the boy was made and began to laugh.A.stop crying B.to stop to cry C.to stop crying D.stop to cry句意：最后这个男孩停止哭泣，开始笑了。【解析】make.have.see等动词的复合结构在变为被动语态时，要把主动语态中省略的to 还原；stop doing sth.意为“停止做某事”，符合句意.stop to do sth.表示“停下来去做某事”.【答案】C
