1、动词及动 词 短 语二常 见 易 混 动 词及 动 词 短 语 辨 析1.arrive,reach1.arrive,reach与与getget动动 词词用用 法法例例 句句arrive,arrive,ViViarrive in+arrive in+大地方大地方arrive at+arrive at+小地方小地方1.Mr.Wang 1.Mr.Wang arrived in Londonarrived in London yesterday.yesterday.王先生昨天王先生昨天到达了伦敦。到达了伦敦。2.The old man 2.The old man arrived at the vill
2、agearrived at the village at last.at last.这位老人这位老人最后到达了这个村庄。最后到达了这个村庄。reach,reach,VtVtreach+reach+地点地点How did your father How did your father reachreach his office?his office?你爸爸是如何到达他的办公室的你爸爸是如何到达他的办公室的get,get,ViViget to+get to+地点地点We We get to get to school at 8:00 every day.school at 8:00 every d
3、ay.我们每天八点到校。我们每天八点到校。易错点提醒当当arrive,get arrive,get 后是后是there,homethere,home之类的地点之类的地点副词时副词时,需要省略介词需要省略介词in,atin,at或者或者toto.arrive herearrive hereget home get home get thereget there2.receive2.receive和和acceptaccept动动 词词用用 法法例例 句句receivereceive意为意为“收到收到”,仅,仅指指客观上收到某样客观上收到某样东西东西,但接受或不,但接受或不接受还不确定接受还不确定I
4、 I receivedreceived an expensive gift an expensive gift from my friend yesterday,but from my friend yesterday,but I did not I did not acceptaccept it.it.昨天我收到了朋友的一件贵重昨天我收到了朋友的一件贵重礼物,但我并没有接受它。礼物,但我并没有接受它。acceptaccept强调主观上接受强调主观上接受反义词反义词“refuse”“refuse”3.wear,put on,dress,be in3.wear,put on,dress,be i
5、n和和have onhave on动词(短语)动词(短语)用用 法法例例 句句wearwear“穿着,戴着穿着,戴着”,可用于穿衣、穿,可用于穿衣、穿鞋、戴帽子、戴手套、佩戴首饰盒鞋、戴帽子、戴手套、佩戴首饰盒眼镜等,眼镜等,强调状态强调状态The man whom I served was The man whom I served was wearingwearing a aht.a aht.我接待的那个人当时戴着帽子。我接待的那个人当时戴着帽子。put onput on(take offtake off脱下)脱下)“穿上,戴上穿上,戴上”,指,指“穿穿”的动作的动作,后接衣服、鞋帽等。后
6、接衣服、鞋帽等。He He put onput on his hat and coat and went out.his hat and coat and went out.他戴上帽子,串好大衣出去了。他戴上帽子,串好大衣出去了。若宾语为代词,则放在中间若宾语为代词,则放在中间“put it on“put it on”dressdress“穿着,打扮穿着,打扮”,为,为动态动态,但宾语,但宾语通常是人。通常是人。dress sb./oneselfdress sb./oneself给某人穿衣服给某人穿衣服dress welldress well着装考究着装考究be dressed inbe dr
7、essed in穿着穿着1.Jim isnt old enough to 1.Jim isnt old enough to dressdress himselfhimself.吉姆太小,吉姆太小,还不能给自己穿衣服。还不能给自己穿衣服。表示自己表示自己 穿衣服时,还可以用穿衣服时,还可以用get dressedget dressed2.She always 2.She always dressesdresses well.well.她总是打扮的很漂亮。她总是打扮的很漂亮。be inbe in”be in+”be in+表示颜色或衣服的词表示颜色或衣服的词“是是系表结构,为系表结构,为静态静态,
8、强调强调“穿着,穿着,戴着戴着”的状态的状态She She is inis in red.=She red.=She is dressed inis dressed in red.red.她穿着一身红衣服。她穿着一身红衣服。have onhave on“穿着穿着”,指,指穿的状态穿的状态,和,和wearwear类类似,似,但但have onhave on不用于进行时态不用于进行时态。She She hashas a red skirt a red skirt onon.=Shes wearing a red.=Shes wearing a red skiet.skiet.她穿着一条红裙子。她穿
9、着一条红裙子。4.listen,listen to4.listen,listen to和和hearhear动词(短语)动词(短语)用用 法法例例 句句listenlisten表示表示听的动作听的动作ListenListen!There is a girl singing outside.!There is a girl singing outside.听!外面有个女孩在唱歌。听!外面有个女孩在唱歌。listen tolisten tolistenlisten是是Vi.Vi.,后,后面如果需要加宾面如果需要加宾语语+to,+to,表示表示听的听的动作动作She isShe is listenin
10、g to listening to the music.the music.她正在听音乐。她正在听音乐。hearhear表示表示所听到的结所听到的结果果I I heard heard your words.your words.我听到你说的话了。我听到你说的话了。5.look,look at,see,watch5.look,look at,see,watch动词(短语)动词(短语)用用 法法例例 句句looklook“为了看清某物而又意识为了看清某物而又意识地向某一方向看去地向某一方向看去”,强强调的是有意地调的是有意地”看看“的动的动作作LookLook!Im sure thats Brad
11、 Pitt!Im sure thats Brad Pitt!看!这一定是布拉德看!这一定是布拉德.皮特!皮特!look atlook atlooklook是是Vi.Vi.,主要作,主要作“看,看,观望观望”理解,常与介词理解,常与介词atat连用,后面必须连用,后面必须+宾语宾语Look atLook at the blackboard,please.the blackboard,please.请看黑板。请看黑板。seesee强调强调“看看”的结果的结果Can I Can I see see your new pen?your new pen?我可以看看你的新钢笔吗?我可以看看你的新钢笔吗?w
12、atchwatch侧重于场面,表示全神贯侧重于场面,表示全神贯注地观看、观察或注视某注地观看、观察或注视某事物的活动,事物的活动,强调过程强调过程,常用于常用于“看电视看电视/足球比赛足球比赛/演出演出”等。等。They are They are watchingwatching TV.TV.他们正在看电视。他们正在看电视。6.look for,find,find out6.look for,find,find out和和discoverdiscover动词(短语)动词(短语)用用 法法例例 句句look forlook for“寻找寻找”,强调动作过,强调动作过程程Im Im looking
13、 forlooking for my pen,but I cant find it.my pen,but I cant find it.我正在找我的钢笔,但找不到。我正在找我的钢笔,但找不到。findfind强调动作的结果强调动作的结果“找到,找到,发现发现”,常用于,常用于find+find+宾宾语语+宾补宾补(adj./prep/toadj./prep/to)的结构的结构At last,I At last,I foundfound my dog under my pen.my dog under my pen.最终我发现狗在床底下。最终我发现狗在床底下。findfindoutout“找到,
14、发现,查出找到,发现,查出”。强调经过一番努力的探强调经过一番努力的探索、观察、询问、调查索、观察、询问、调查理等之后才搞清楚、弄理等之后才搞清楚、弄明白某一情况。明白某一情况。I hope you canI hope you can find out find out who broke the window.who broke the window.我希望你能查出是谁打破了窗户。我希望你能查出是谁打破了窗户。discoverdiscover指发现本来存在,但以指发现本来存在,但以前未被人发现的事物、前未被人发现的事物、真理或情况。真理或情况。Columbus is the first Eu
15、ropean who Columbus is the first European who discovereddiscovered America.America.哥伦布是第一个发现美洲大陆的欧洲人。哥伦布是第一个发现美洲大陆的欧洲人。7.take,spend,cost,pay7.take,spend,cost,pay和和affordafford动动 词词用用 法法例例 句句taketaketaketake常常跟在形式主语跟在形式主语it it后后,做谓语,做谓语,只能只能表示花时间,不能表示花钱表示花时间,不能表示花钱It It tooktook them two hours to get
16、 to the city centre by them two hours to get to the city centre by underground.underground.他们乘地铁花了两个小时才到达市中心。他们乘地铁花了两个小时才到达市中心。spendspendspend(spend(主语是人主语是人)+)+时间时间/钱钱+on+on sth.sth.I I spentspent 100 yuan on the dictionary.100 yuan on the dictionary.我花了我花了100100元买这本元买这本词典。词典。spend(spend(主语是人主语是人)+
17、)+时间时间/钱钱+(inin)doing sth.doing sth.He He spendsspends an hour an hour doingdoing his homework every day.his homework every day.他每天花一个小时做作业。他每天花一个小时做作业。也可以是也可以是in doingin doingcostcostcost(cost(主语是物主语是物)+sb.+sb.+金钱金钱The pen The pen costcost Sandy 10 yuan.Sandy 10 yuan.这支钢笔花了桑迪这支钢笔花了桑迪1010元。元。paypayp
18、ay(pay(主语是人主语是人)+金钱金钱+for sth.for sth.Sandy Sandy paid paid 10 yuan 10 yuan forfor the pen.the pen.桑迪花了桑迪花了1010元钱买了元钱买了这支钢笔。这支钢笔。affordafford“支付得起,买得起支付得起,买得起”,常,常与与cancan连用连用My parentsMy parents cant cant even even afford afford a new refrigerator.a new refrigerator.我父我父母甚至买不起一台新冰箱。母甚至买不起一台新冰箱。(aff
19、ordafford的主语是人)的主语是人)8.say,speak,talk,tell8.say,speak,talk,tell动动 词词用用 法法例例 句句saysay强调说话的内容强调说话的内容,是,是Vt.,Vt.,必须必须+说话的说话的内容作宾语内容作宾语What he What he saidsaid made me very sad.made me very sad.他说的话他说的话使我很伤心。使我很伤心。speakspeak“讲话、发言、演说讲话、发言、演说”,强调说的动,强调说的动作,后面跟人作宾语要加介词作,后面跟人作宾语要加介词to,speakto,speak作作Vt.Vt.
20、是是+各种语言各种语言Who will Who will speakspeak at the meeting?at the meeting?谁将在会上谁将在会上发言?发言?talktalk1.Vi.“1.Vi.“谈话、闲谈谈话、闲谈”+with/to(”+with/to(后面跟后面跟人人)构成结构:构成结构:talk with/to sb.talk with/to sb.2.2.后面跟事情用介词后面跟事情用介词about”about”talk talk about sth.about sth.”1.Mr.Chen wants to 1.Mr.Chen wants to talk to yout
21、alk to you.陈先生要和陈先生要和你谈谈。你谈谈。2.Please dont talk about it in front of the 2.Please dont talk about it in front of the children.children.请不要再孩子面前谈论这件事。请不要再孩子面前谈论这件事。telltellVt.“Vt.“讲述、告诉讲述、告诉”结构结构“tell sb.sth.=tell sth.to sb.tell sb.sth.=tell sth.to sb.tell a story tell a story I will I will telltell
22、him how to drive the car.him how to drive the car.我将会告诉你如何开这辆车。我将会告诉你如何开这辆车。9.bring,take,fetch9.bring,take,fetch和和carrycarry动动 词词用用 法法例例 句句bringbring“带来,拿走带来,拿走”,强调从别处带人或强调从别处带人或物到说话人所在地物到说话人所在地。Next year you may Next year you may bringbring your family over your family over from England.from Englan
23、d.明年你可以把你的家属从英国明年你可以把你的家属从英国带来。带来。taketake“带走,拿走带走,拿走”,强调把人或物带离强调把人或物带离说话人所在地说话人所在地PleasePlease take take these books to the library for these books to the library for me.me.请把这些书替我带到图书馆去。请把这些书替我带到图书馆去。fetchfetch“去取来,去拿来去取来,去拿来”,强调去取东西强调去取东西又返回的这一过程又返回的这一过程。Please Please fetchfetch me the documents
24、in that me the documents in that room.room.请到那间房间去把那些文件拿来给我。请到那间房间去把那些文件拿来给我。carrycarry“随身携带随身携带”(如搬、提、拿、扛、(如搬、提、拿、扛、抬、抱、背、带等),不具体说明来抬、抱、背、带等),不具体说明来去的方向,去的方向,有时含有沉重或麻烦之意。有时含有沉重或麻烦之意。She She carriedcarried her baby in her arms.her baby in her arms.她把婴儿她把婴儿抱在怀里。抱在怀里。10.borrow,lend,keep10.borrow,lend,
25、keep动动 词词用用 法法例例 句句borrowborrow“借,借入借,借入”或或“借他人的借他人的东西供自己使用东西供自己使用”,常与,常与fromfrom连用连用“borrow sth.borrow sth.from sb.from sb.”I I borrowedborrowed a book from Jim.a book from Jim.我从吉姆那里借我从吉姆那里借了一本书。了一本书。lendlend“借出借出”,特指把自己的物特指把自己的物品借给他人使用品借给他人使用。lend sth.lend sth.to sb.=lend sb.sth.to sb.=lend sb.st
26、h.Jim Jim lentlent a book to me.=Jim lent me a book.a book to me.=Jim lent me a book.吉姆借给我一本书。吉姆借给我一本书。keepkeep“保留、保存保留、保存”,属于,属于延续延续性动词性动词,与表示一段时间的与表示一段时间的状语连用状语连用。You can You can keepkeep this book for one month.this book for one month.这本这本书你可以保留一个月。书你可以保留一个月。11.lie,lay11.lie,lay动动 词词用用 法法例例 句句lie
27、lie用作规则动词(用作规则动词(lied,lied,liedlied,lied,lied)时,意为时,意为“说谎说谎”SheShe lied lied to us about heir job.to us about heir job.她就她的工作对我们她就她的工作对我们撒了谎。撒了谎。用作不规则动词用作不规则动词(lie,lay,lainlie,lay,lain)时,)时,“躺,(东西)平放,躺,(东西)平放,位于位于”等意思等意思1.He felt tired,so he went and 1.He felt tired,so he went and laylay down for a
28、rest.down for a rest.他感到疲劳,所以去躺下休息了。他感到疲劳,所以去躺下休息了。2.His books 2.His books laylay open on the desk when I went in.open on the desk when I went in.我进去时,发现他的书平摊在书桌上。我进去时,发现他的书平摊在书桌上。laylay是不规则动词是不规则动词(lay,laid,laidlay,laid,laid)是是Vt.+Vt.+宾语宾语,表示,表示“放置,放置,产卵产卵”等多种意思。等多种意思。The hen isThe hen is laying la
29、ying an egg.an egg.母鸡在下蛋。母鸡在下蛋。重要提醒lielie意为意为“说谎说谎“时,可用作时,可用作n.n.,而构成短语短语,而构成短语短语tell a lie tell liestell a lie tell lies“我痛恨说谎话我痛恨说谎话”可以说可以说“I hate lying.I hate lying.”或或“I hate telling liesI hate telling lies.”.”一般不说一般不说“I hate lie.”“I hate lie.”或或“I hate to lie.”“I hate to lie.”尽管句法正确,但似乎含有尽管句法正确
30、,但似乎含有“虽然不愿,但仍不得不说谎虽然不愿,但仍不得不说谎”之意。之意。12.win,beat,lose,fail12.win,beat,lose,fail动动 词词用用 法法例例 句句winwin“赢得赢得”+”+比赛、战争或奖品比赛、战争或奖品She She losesloses to an argument.to an argument.她喜欢在辩论中获她喜欢在辩论中获胜。胜。beatbeat“战胜,打败战胜,打败”,其后的宾语可以是,其后的宾语可以是人或集体,表示一方赢了另一方。人或集体,表示一方赢了另一方。He He beatbeat me at chess.me at ches
31、s.他下棋赢了我。他下棋赢了我。loselose“输输”lose to sb.”lose to sb.WeWe lost lost to a stronger team.to a stronger team.我们输给了一支我们输给了一支实力更强的队。实力更强的队。failfail“失败失败”或或“没做成某事没做成某事”fail to do sth.fail to do sth.SheShe failed failed to get into the art college.to get into the art college.她未能她未能进入艺术学院。进入艺术学院。13.hope,wish1
32、3.hope,wish动动 词词用用 法法例例 句句hopehope表达的表达的“希望希望”是有信心实现的是有信心实现的,hope to do sth.hope to do sth.hope+thathope+that从句从句不能说:不能说:hope doing sth.hope doing sth.hope sb.to do sth.hope sb.to do sth.1.I 1.I hopehope your dream will come true.your dream will come true.我希望你的梦想能我希望你的梦想能够实现。够实现。2.I 2.I hope that ho
33、pe that you will become our patron.you will become our patron.我希望你将我希望你将成为我们的靠山。成为我们的靠山。wishwish接不定式:接不定式:wish to do sth.wish to do sth.If you If you wishwish to do well,you will do well.to do well,you will do well.如果你希望做好,如果你希望做好,你就会做好。你就会做好。接不定式复合结构:接不定式复合结构:wish sb.to do sth.wish sb.to do sth.I I
34、 wishwish you to be happy.you to be happy.我希望你幸福。我希望你幸福。接双宾语:接双宾语:wish sb.sth.wish sb.sth.I I wishwish you success.you success.祝你成功。祝你成功。接接thatthat从句从句用用虚拟语气虚拟语气时,时,thatthat可以省略可以省略I I wish wish(that)(that)I were ten years younger.I were ten years younger.我希望我能年轻我希望我能年轻十岁。十岁。用于虚拟语气,用于虚拟语气,thatthat可以
35、省略。可以省略。14.join,join in,take part in,attend14.join,join in,take part in,attend动动 词词用用 法法例例 句句joinjoin加入某个党派、团体组织等,成加入某个党派、团体组织等,成为其成员之一,为其成员之一,“参军,入团、参军,入团、入党入党”等。等。When did your elder brother When did your elder brother joinjoin the army?the army?你哥哥什么你哥哥什么时候参军的?时候参军的?和我某人一道做某事,和我某人一道做某事,join sb.in
36、 join sb.in(doing)sth.(doing)sth.根据上下文,根据上下文,in(doing)sth.in(doing)sth.也可也可以省去。以省去。1.Will you 1.Will you join us injoin us in the discussion?the discussion?你会参加我们的讨你会参加我们的讨论吗?论吗?2.Hell 2.Hell join us in singing join us in singing the song.the song.他将和我们一道唱他将和我们一道唱歌。歌。join injoin in多多指参加小规模的活指参加小规模的活
37、动动,如,如“球赛、游戏球赛、游戏”等,常用于日常口语等,常用于日常口语Why didnt you Why didnt you join injoin in the talk last night?the talk last night?昨晚你为什昨晚你为什么没参加座谈?么没参加座谈?take part intake part in指参加会议或群众性活指参加会议或群众性活动等,动等,着重说明句子主语参加着重说明句子主语参加该项活动并在活动中发该项活动并在活动中发挥作用。挥作用。1We often 1We often take part intake part in physical labou
38、r.physical labour.我们经常参加体力劳动。我们经常参加体力劳动。2.We should t2.We should take an active part in ake an active part in school activities.school activities.我们应该积极参加学校我们应该积极参加学校活动。活动。attendattendVt.,Vt.,是正式用语,是正式用语,指参指参加会议,婚礼,葬礼,加会议,婚礼,葬礼,典礼,去上课,上学,典礼,去上课,上学,听报告等;听报告等;句子的主语句子的主语只是去听,去看,自己只是去听,去看,自己不一定起积极作用。不一定
39、起积极作用。1.Hell 1.Hell attendattend an important meeting an important meeting tomorrow.tomorrow.他明天要参加一个重要的会他明天要参加一个重要的会议。议。2.I2.I attend attend his lecture.his lecture.我听力他的讲课。我听力他的讲课。15.turn on,turn off,turn up,turn down15.turn on,turn off,turn up,turn down动动 词词用用 法法例例 句句turn onturn on“打开打开(电视、收音机、水、
40、(电视、收音机、水、煤气等)煤气等)”,结构,结构为为”V.+adv.”V.+adv.”Mom,can you help me (to)Mom,can you help me (to)turn onturn on the TV?the TV?妈妈,你可以帮我打开电视吗?妈妈,你可以帮我打开电视吗?turn offturn off“关闭关闭(电视、收音机、水、(电视、收音机、水、煤气等)煤气等)”,结构,结构为为”V.+adv.”V.+adv.”You should You should turn offturn off the light before you go the light bef
41、ore you go to bed.to bed.在睡觉前,你应该关掉电灯。在睡觉前,你应该关掉电灯。turn upturn up“开大,调大音量开大,调大音量”反义词:反义词:turn downturn downThe music is too low.Can you The music is too low.Can you turn the turn the music upmusic up?音乐声太小了,你能把它调大一点音乐声太小了,你能把它调大一点吗?吗?turn turn downdown“关小,调低音量关小,调低音量”反义词:反义词:turn upturn upThe music
42、is too noisy.Can you The music is too noisy.Can you turn it downturn it down?音乐太吵了,你能调低一点吗?音乐太吵了,你能调低一点吗?易错点提醒16.be famous for16.be famous for和和be famous asbe famous as动动 词词用用 法法例例 句句be famous be famous for=be for=be known for.known for.“因因.而著名而著名/出名出名”forfor后说的是著名后说的是著名/出名的原因出名的原因一般用于以某种知识或技能一般用于以某
43、种知识或技能或其他事情而著名或其他事情而著名/出名的句出名的句子中子中Yu Qiuyu Yu Qiuyu is famous foris famous for his works.his works.余秋雨因他的著作而著名。余秋雨因他的著作而著名。be famous as be famous as=be known=be known asas“作为作为.而著名,作为而著名,作为.而而闻名闻名”asas后面跟的是表示职业的名后面跟的是表示职业的名词,一般用于因职业而著名词,一般用于因职业而著名/出名出名/闻名的表述闻名的表述He He is famous asis famous as a hos
44、t of HNTV.a host of HNTV.他作为湖南卫视的一名主持人而出名。他作为湖南卫视的一名主持人而出名。17.used to do sth.,be used to doing sth.,be used to do sth.17.used to do sth.,be used to doing sth.,be used to do sth.动动 词词用用 法法例例 句句used to used to do sth.do sth.过去经常做的动作或存在的状态过去经常做的动作或存在的状态,但现在已经不做但现在已经不做/不是了不是了He He used to used to smoke.
45、smoke.他过去经常抽烟。他过去经常抽烟。(意味着现在不抽了)(意味着现在不抽了)否定形式:否定形式:1.1.主语主语+didnt use to+V+didnt use to+V原。原。2.2.主语主语+used not to do sth.+used not to do sth.You You didnt use todidnt use to like pop songs.=You like pop songs.=You used not to used not to like pop songs.like pop songs.你过去不喜欢流行歌曲。你过去不喜欢流行歌曲。一般疑问句形式:一
46、般疑问句形式:1.Did+1.Did+主语主语+use to+V+use to+V原原+其他?其他?2.used sb.to do sth.2.used sb.to do sth.DidDid you younger sister you younger sister use to be use to be quite?=quite?=UsedUsed your your younger sister younger sister to beto be quite?quite?以前你的妹妹常常是很安以前你的妹妹常常是很安静的吗?静的吗?可以用在可以用在therer betherer be结构中
47、结构中表示表示“过去经常有过去经常有”的意思的意思There used to be There used to be a lot of fish in this river.a lot of fish in this river.过去这条河过去这条河里常常有许多鱼。里常常有许多鱼。动动 词词用用 法法例例 句句be used to be used to doing sth.doing sth.此结构中,此结构中,usedused作作adj.”adj.”习惯的,习惯的,”此结构意为此结构意为“习惯于做某事习惯于做某事”。bebe可以用可以用become,getbecome,get等来代替。在意等
48、来代替。在意义上相当于义上相当于be accustomed to”be accustomed to”习习惯于惯于”。同时结构中的。同时结构中的toto是介词,是介词,后面跟后面跟n./pron./Ving.n./pron./Ving.Lucy Lucy got used togot used to livingliving in the in the countyrside.countyrside.露西已习惯于住在乡村。露西已习惯于住在乡村。be used to be used to do sth.do sth.“被用于做某事被用于做某事”,其中,其中usedused为动为动词词useuse的
49、过去分词,的过去分词,to to 为不定式符为不定式符号,号,+V+V原原The knifeThe knife is used to is used to cutcut grass.grass.这把刀是用来割草的。这把刀是用来割草的。不要错用为不要错用为cuttingcutting18.be made of,be made from,be made into,18.be made of,be made from,be made into,be made in,be made bybe made in,be made by动动 词词用用 法法例例 句句be made be made ofof“由
50、由.制成制成”,从表面能看,从表面能看得出原材料得出原材料Bread Bread is made ofis made of flour.flour.面包是面粉做的。面包是面粉做的。(从表面可以直接看得出是面粉做的)(从表面可以直接看得出是面粉做的)be made be made fromfrom“由由.制成制成”,从表面不能,从表面不能直接看出原材料直接看出原材料Paper Paper is made fromis made from wood.wood.纸是由木头做的。纸是由木头做的。(纸从表面是看不出是由什么做的)(纸从表面是看不出是由什么做的)ba made ba made intoin