1、语态语态主动语态主动语态被动语态被动语态语态当主语是动作的执行者时，动词用主动语态；语态当主语是动作的执行者时，动词用主动语态；如果主语是动作的承受者，动词便用被动语态。如果主语是动作的承受者，动词便用被动语态。We cleaned the classroom yesterday.昨天我们打扫了教室。昨天我们打扫了教室。The classroom was cleaned(by us)yesterday.昨天教室被我们打扫了。昨天教室被我们打扫了。被动语态被动语态 巧学妙记巧学妙记谁做的动作不知道，说出谁做没必要。谁做的动作不知道，说出谁做没必要。动作承受者需强调，用被动语态莫忘了。动作承受者需
2、强调，用被动语态莫忘了。1.Mr White,the cup with mixture was broken after class.2.These records were made by him.3.You are expected to finish it in time.背诵背诵2一，谓语动词被动语态的基本用法一，谓语动词被动语态的基本用法A.一般现在时态：一般现在时态：am/is/are+doneB.一般过去时态：一般过去时态：was/were+doneC.一般将来时态：一般将来时态：will/shall be+doneD.进行时态：进行时态：be being+doneE.完成时态：
3、完成时态：have/has/had been+doneF.含有情态动词的被动语态：情态动词含有情态动词的被动语态：情态动词+be+done二、非谓语动词被动语态的形式二、非谓语动词被动语态的形式A.现在分词一般式现在分词一般式doing being doneB、现在分词完成时、现在分词完成时having donehaving been doneC.动词不定式一般式动词不定式一般式to doto be doneD.动词不定式完成时动词不定式完成时to have doneto have been done被动语态被动语态 I read the book every day.The book is
4、read(by me)every day.被动语态被动语态dobe done被动语态的时态是被动语态的时态是由由be的时态决定的，的时态决定的，be是什么时态，句是什么时态，句子就是什么时态，子就是什么时态，be后面的过去分词后面的过去分词不变。不变。vt.vt.do/doesam/is/are donedidwas/were donewill/shall dowill/shall be donewould dowould be doneam/is/are doingam/is/are being donewas/were doingwas/were being donehave/has do
5、nehave/has been donehad donehad been done时态时态被动语态被动语态的构的构成成例句例句一般一般现在时现在时一般一般过去时过去时一般一般将来时将来时过去过去将来时将来时现在现在进行时进行时过去过去进行时进行时Rice is grown in South China.The glass was broken yesterday.The cars will be sent abroad by sea.He said the project would be completed soon.The project is being carried out.This
6、 road was being built this time last year.am/is/are donewas/were donewill be donewould be doneam/is/are being donewas/were being done时态时态被动语态被动语态的构的构成成例句例句现在完成现在完成时时过去完成过去完成时时含情态动含情态动词词This novel has been translated into English.When I got there,the ticket had been sold out.The problem can be preven
7、ted from getting worse.has/have been donehad been done情态动词情态动词+be done注意：注意：(1)只有只有及物动词及物动词才有被动语态。但有些及物动词或及才有被动语态。但有些及物动词或及 物动词短语，如物动词短语，如cost,have,own,lack,agree with,suffer from,belong to等也没有被动语态。等也没有被动语态。(2)带有介词的短语动词的被动语态，带有介词的短语动词的被动语态，不要漏掉介词不要漏掉介词。e.g.The children will be looked after well here
8、.主动语态变被动语态的方法主动语态变被动语态的方法1)My aunt invited me to her dinner party.主主 谓谓 宾宾 宾补宾补I was invited(by my aunt)to her dinner party.2)The school set up a special class to help poor readers.A special class was set up in the school to help poor readers.口诀口诀1：宾提前变主，主变介：宾提前变主，主变介by宾，被动宾，被动be加加done,时态看主动。时态看主动。主
9、动语态变被动语态的方法主动语态变被动语态的方法3)含有双宾语的主动句变被动句含有双宾语的主动句变被动句 My uncle gave me a present on my birthday.I was given a present on my birthday.A present was given to me on my birthday.口诀口诀2：如如 遇双宾语，最好变间宾，如若变直宾，遇双宾语，最好变间宾，如若变直宾，间宾前加间宾前加to(pass,lend,write,bring,show,tell,hand,read,return)或或for(buy,cook,choose,boo
10、k,order,fix,pick,make,prepare.)主动语态变被动语态的方法主动语态变被动语态的方法4).He made me do the work.I was made to do the work by him.口诀口诀3：这些动词真奇怪，主动句中：这些动词真奇怪，主动句中to 离开，被离开，被动句中动句中to回来。（回来。（feel,listen to,hear,let have,make,look at,see,watch)e.g.We heard her sing the song.She _ _ the song (by us).I watched my classma
11、tes playing basketball.My classmates _ _ (by me).He got his homework finished on time.His homework_ _on time(by him).was heard_to singwere watched_ playing_was got_ finished_在汉语中，有一类句子不出现主语，在英语中一在汉语中，有一类句子不出现主语，在英语中一般可用被动结构来表示，如：般可用被动结构来表示，如：据说据说 It is said that 据报导据报导 It is reported that 据推测据推测It i
12、s supposed that 希望希望 It is hoped that 众所周知众所周知It is well known that 普遍认为普遍认为It is generally considered that 有人建议有人建议It is suggested that 以下情况常用主动形式表示被动含义：以下情况常用主动形式表示被动含义：系动词系动词feel,look,seem,appear,taste,sound,smell,prove,remain等用主动形式表示被动意义，主语通常是等用主动形式表示被动意义，主语通常是事物。事物。e.g.Ice feels cold.His plan p
13、roved(to be)practical.表示开始、结束、运动的词如表示开始、结束、运动的词如begin，finish，start，open，close，stop，shut等。等。e.g.Class begins！以下情况常用主动形式表示被动含义：以下情况常用主动形式表示被动含义：表示主语的某种属性的词：表示主语的某种属性的词：read,write,act,cut,draw,drive,sell,wash,clean,wear,open,cook,lock,look,shut等。等。e.g.The books sell well.The door wont lock.The pen writ
14、es smoothly.This coat dries easily.表示表示“需要需要”的的need,want,require以及以及be worth后后的动词的动词-ing形式，用主动形式表示被动含义。形式，用主动形式表示被动含义。e.g.The shoes need washing.The book is worth reading.Practice1.Its unfair.He should not _(treat)in this way.2.A watch was given _ him as a Christmas present.3.The baby is being looke
15、d _ carefully.4.He often makes his sister _(cry),but today he was made _(cry)by his sister.5.This room _(belong)to me.6.The music I listened just now _(sound)sweet.be treatedtoaftercryto crybelongssounded7.The book _(sell)well.8.This pen _(write)badly.9.-Whats the noise?-Oh,I forgot to tell you.The
16、new machine _(test).10.I like these English songs and they _ _(teach)many times on the radio.11.No decision _(make)about any future appointment until all the leaders have been interviewed.12.Do you have any problems if you _ (offer)this job?-Well,I m thinking about whether you can pay more.sellswrit
17、esis being testedhave been taughtwill be madeare offered Welcome to our school.Id like to introduce to you plans for our school.A lot of work _(do)in the past few years.The library _(complete)and is ready for use.But we still have to do more work.A new biology lab _(build)at present.But we dont have
18、 enough money for the equipment.Now students in all grades _(collect)money.Besides,plans _(make)for a party to collect money,which _(spend)on new equipment.The gardens of the school _(improve)last year.New trees _(plant),which now give much shade.The whole school _(paint)in the coming summer holiday
19、s.In fact,we all hope the school _(be)more beautiful,in which we can work and study happily.has been donehas been completedis being builtare collectingare being madewill be spentwere improvedhave been plantedwill be paintedwill beConclusionConclusion 1.被动语态的用法。2.主动语态和被动语态的转换。3.主动表被动的几种情况1.她常被她的同班同学看
20、到和杰克在一起。她常被她的同班同学看到和杰克在一起。（一般现在时）（一般现在时）2.那座美丽的桥是由中国人建造的。（一般过去时）那座美丽的桥是由中国人建造的。（一般过去时）3.如果那条狗再来，它就会被打。（一般将来时）如果那条狗再来，它就会被打。（一般将来时）4.她说集会将在公园举行。（过去将来时）她说集会将在公园举行。（过去将来时）5.教室正在被清扫，所以现在我们不能进去。教室正在被清扫，所以现在我们不能进去。（现在进行时）（现在进行时）6.我到达时他正在受一位警察的询问。（过去进行时）我到达时他正在受一位警察的询问。（过去进行时）7.我的自行车被偷了。（现在完成时）我的自行车被偷了。（现在完成时）8.昨天下午五时以前所有的票都售完了。昨天下午五时以前所有的票都售完了。（过去完成时）（过去完成时）9.作业必须今天完成。（含情态动词）作业必须今天完成。（含情态动词）
