1、中考语法复习系列中考语法复习系列 一、一、现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果二、基本结构：助动词助动词have/has+过去分词过去分词(done)I have spent all of my money(so far).(含义是:现在我没有钱花了.)Guo zijun has(just/already)come.(含义：郭子君现在在这儿)My father has gone to work.(含义是:我爸爸现在不在这儿)二二、动词的过去分词构成规则、动词的过去分词构成规则规则变化规则变化1、大部分动词在词尾
2、直接加-edclean cleaned help helped 2、以不发音的e结尾的，直接加-dlike liked live lived3、以辅音字母+y结尾的单词，变y为i再加edtry tried study studied4、重读闭音节词尾只有一个辅音字母的，需要双写最后这个辅音字母再加-ed.plan planned stop stopped work _ finish _ arrive_change_ marry_ visit_ miss_prefer_ play_live_ stop_ study_workedfinishedarrivedchangedmarriedvisit
3、edmissedpreferredplayedlivedstoppedstudied 不不规则变化规则变化一、AAA型，即原形、过去式和过去分词三者都相同。cost cut hit hurt let put read set shut spread bid（喊价、投标）1、过去式和过去分词都含有-ought。（4个）bringbroughtbrought buyboughtbought thinkthought thought 2、词尾有-ild，-end时，只需把d变为t。buildbuiltbuilt lendlent lent sendsentsent spendspent spent
4、3 过去式、过去分词都含有-aught。catchcaughtcaught teachtaughttaught4 把-eep变为-ept。keepkeptkept sleepsleptslept sweep sweptswept5 把-ell变为-old。（2个）telltoldtold sellsoldsold6 过去式、过去分词都含有-elt或-ilt。（4个）smellsmeltsmelt spellspeltspelt feelfeltfelt spill(泼撒)spiltspilt 7 过去式、过去分词都在原形词尾加t。（4个）learnlearntlearnt meanmeantm
5、eant spoilspoiltspoilt（破坏，毁坏）dealdealtdealt8 过去式、过去分词词尾是d。（4个）saysaidsaid paypaidpaid laylaidlaid hearheardheard9 改变元音字母。（11个）meetmetmet getgotgot sitsatsat winwonwonfindfoundfound dig dugdug loselostlostholdheldheld 10 改变辅音字母。（1个）makemademade11 改变元、辅音字母。（5个）leaveleftleft standstoodstood have（has）ha
6、dhad understandunderstoodunderstoodleadledled see_ have_eat _do_ meet_ be _ take_ keep_ buy_ spend_ swim _ lend_ learn_ forget_ bring_ate eatenhad had saw seendid donemet metwas/were beentook takenkept keptbought boughtspent spentswam swumlent lentlearned/learntforgot forgottenbrought brought 三三、现在完
7、成时的常见标志词现在完成时的常见标志词1 1、以以already,just和和yet为标志为标志（1）already意为“已经”,表示在此之前或某个特定时间之前，用于肯定句。Weve already tasted the food.我们已经尝过这种食物了。He has already got her help.他已得到她的帮助。（2）yet意为“还；尚(未)”，常用于疑问句或否定句。在疑问句中用来询问某事是否已发生，在否定句中用来表达某事尚未发生但有可能发生。如：Have you tasted the food yet?你们尝过这种食物了吗?We havent tasted the food
8、yet.我们还未尝过这种食物。He hasnt come back yet.他还没有回来（3）just意为“刚刚”，用于肯定句。He has just seen the film.他刚刚看过这场电影。2 2、以以ever和和never为标志为标志（1）ever意为“曾经”，通常用于疑问句，也可用于肯定句。如：Have you ever been to China?你曾经去过中国吗？This is the best film I have ever seen.这是我曾经看过的最好的一部电影。（2）never意为“从不”，表示否定的意思。如：She has never been to China.
9、她从来没有去过中国。3、以动作发生的次数为标志He says he has been to the USA three times.他说他已经去过美国三次了。4、以so far/before（到目前为止）为标志He has got to Beijing so far.到目前为止他已到了北京。She has passed the exam so far.到目前为止她已经通过了考试。.以以“for+时间段时间段”或或“since+过去时间点过去时间点/从句从句”引导的时间状引导的时间状语连用。语连用。例如：We have lived here for five years我们在这里住了五年了。I
10、have known him since he was a boy我从他还是个孩子的时候就认识他了。一、单项选择()1.-Ive got the final Harry Potter book.-You will love it.I _ it twice already.A.am reading B.have read C.was reading D.will read()2.-Who _ your oral English next term?Can it be a new teacher?-Perhaps.But our head teacher hasnt told us _.A.tea
11、ch;already B.will teach;yet C.will teach;already D.teach;yetB BB B()3.Miss Lin _ a lot of work for the poor area since 2010.A.does B.did C.has done D.will do()4.My aunt is a writer.She _ more than ten books since 1980.A.writes B.wrote C.has written D.will writeC CC C()5.-_ you ever _ this song?-Yes,
12、I have.It is very wonderful.A.Did;hear B.Do;hear C.Have;hear D.Have;heard()6.-How clean the bedroom is!-Yes.I think someone must _ it.A.cleans B.cleaned C.have cleaned D.has cleanedD DC C()7.-Have you had your breakfast,Nick?-Yes,I have had it _.A.yet B.ever C.never D.already()8.-Do you know him wel
13、l?-Of course.We _ friends since ten years ago.A.were B.have been C.are D.had beenD DB B 四四、have been to/have gone to/have been in 的区别的区别（1）have been to 意思是“到过，去过”某地(现已回来)，表示曾经到过某处，但现在人不在那儿，可以与ever,never,once,twice等连用。（2）has gone to意思是“去了”，表示已经去了某地，现在人可能在去的途中或已在那儿了。（3）have been in 表示已在某地呆了多久，若该地为小地方则
14、用at。have gone tohave been tohave been in-Where is Jane?-She has gone to her hometown to visit her grandparents.She has been in her hometown for over 3 years.She has been to her hometown three times.去了，还没回来，用于问答去过，已经回来，常跟次数进行搭配在，常用于for+一段时间用用 have/has been to,have/has gone to,have/has been in 完成句子或对话
15、。完成句子或对话。1.Mike and his parents _ the north for half a year.2.Mum is not at home now.she _ the shop.3._ you ever _ kunming?Never.4.Where _ you _ these days?5.Has Jim arrived yet?Yes,he _ here for several days.have been in has gone to Have been tohave been has been 五五、短暂性短暂性动词与延续性动词的转换动词与延续性动词的转换短暂性动
16、词 延续性动词start/begin be onstop/finish/end be overopen be openclose be closedborrow keepbuy havemarry/get married be marrieddie be deadjoin be in/be a member ofleave be away(from)五五、短暂性短暂性动词与延续性动词的转换动词与延续性动词的转换短暂性动词 延续性动词becomebecome backbe backwake upbe awakefall asleep/go to sleepbe asleepfall ill be
17、 illcatch a cold have a coldturn on/offbe on/offgo abroadbe abroadmake friends be friends同义句转换：1.He died 10 years ago.He _ for 10 years/since 10 years ago.2.He borrowed the book 2 weeks ago.He _the book for 2 weeks.3.He bought the motorbike a month ago.He _the motorbike for a month.4.He arrived here
18、 three days ago.He _here since three days ago.5.He left here 2 years ago.He _from here for 2 years.6.The film began 30 minutes ago.The film _ for 30 minutes.has been diedhas been died has kept has kept has had has had have been have been have been awayhave been away has been onhas been on 巩固训练巩固训练一、
19、写出下列动词的过去式和过去分词。take _ _ say_ _ think_ _ go_ _ do_ _ be_ _ eat_ _ write_ _ speak_ _ fly_ _ type_ _ get_ _ die_ _ come_ _took takentook taken said saidsaid said thought thoughtthought thought went gone went gone did done did done was/were beenwas/were been ate eaten ate eaten wrote writtenwrote writt
20、en spoke spoken spoke spoken flew flownflew flown typed typed typed typed got got got got died died died died came come came come 巩固训练巩固训练二、用适当的时态填空：1.Shes _(live)here ever since she was ten.2.Both of them _ _(be)in Hongkong for ten days.3.Both of them _(come)to Hongkong ten days ago.4.Half an hour
21、_ _(pass)since the train _(leave).5.Mary_ _(lose)her pen._ you _(see)it here and there?lived lived have been have been came came has passed has passed left left has lost has lost Have seen Have seen 巩固训练巩固训练6._ you _(find)your watch yet?7.-Are you thirsty?-No I _ just _(have)some orange.8.We _alread
22、y _(return)the book.9._ they _(build)a new school in the village?10.I _ _(not finish)my homework.Can you help me?Have found Have found have had have had have returned have returned Have built Have built havent finished havent finished 巩固训练巩固训练三、根据所给汉语完成下列句子三、根据所给汉语完成下列句子1.我们买这本书三年了。(have)We_ _the bo
23、ok_ three years.2.他感冒三天了。(have)He_ _ a cold_ three days.3.上星期我借的这本书。(keep)I_ _ the book_ last week.4.布莱克先生死了三年了。(be dead)Mr.Black_ _ _ _three years.have had for have had for has had for has had for have kept since have kept since has been dead for has been dead for 巩固训练巩固训练四四、单项选择。、单项选择。1、_ you _ yo
24、ur homework yet?Yes.I _ it A.Did;do;finished B.Have;done;finished C.Have;done;have finished D.will;do;finish 2、His father _ the Party since 1978.A.joined B.has joined C.was in D.has been in3、Do you know him well?Sure.We _ friends since ten years ago.A.were B.have been C.have become D.have made C C D
25、 D B B 4、.When he arrived at the bus stop,the bus _ for 20 minutes.A.has left B.had left C.has been away D.had been away 5、I _ the League for 5 years so far.A.joined B.have joined C.have been in 6、The factory _ since the February of 1988.A.has been open B.has opened C.was open D.opened D D C C A A 7
26、、Mary and Rose _friends since they met in 2000.A.have made B.have been C.made D.have become 8、The meeting _ for a week now.A.has finished B.has ended C.has been over 9、Miss Gao _ this school for nearly 5 years.A.has been in B.has come to C.has taught B B C C A A 课后作业课后作业一一、单项选择。、单项选择。1、How long _ he
27、 _?A.did;died B.has,died C.has,been dead 2、He _ at eight yesterday afternoon.A.slept B.was sleeping C.has sleep D.had slept 3、He _ the car for a week.A.bought B.has bought C.has had B B B B C C 4、-How long _ you _ ill?-Two weeks.A.did fall B.have,fell C.have,been 5、Ill lend you the book,but you can
28、only _ it for 2 days.A.borrow B.keep C.take 6、-How long can I _ the book?-Two weeks.A.borrow B.lend C.get D.keepC C B B D D 二、用所给词的适当形式填空1.I _already_(see)the film.2.-_he _(finish)his work today?-Not yet.3.-_you _(be)to Hong Kong?-Yes,I _(be)there twice.have seen have seen Has finished Has finished
29、Have beenHave beenhave been have been 4.My father _just _(come)back from work.He is tired now.5.-Where is Li Ming?-He _(go)to the teachers office.6.So far I _(make)quite a few friends here.7.-How long _the Wangs _(stay)here?-For two weeks.has come has come has gone has gone have made have made have stayed have stayed Practive makes perfect!Practive makes perfect!
