1、句子成分和类型（基本句型）目录CatalogPart1.热身Part2.七大句子成分+五大基本句型（主语，谓语，宾语，表语，宾补，定语，状语）Part3.综合练习 Part4.总结PART 01PART 01热身热身PART 02PART 02七大句子成分+五大基本句型句子中的大家庭句子中的大家庭成员句子成分主语subject谓语predicate表语predicative宾语object 宾 补object complement定语attribute状语adverb基本句型一：主语+谓语基本句型二：主语+谓语+宾语基本句型三：主语+系+表语基本句型四：主语+谓语+间宾+直宾五种基本结构句型.
2、基本句型五：主语+谓语+宾语+宾补主语-subject-我叫名词，是一家之主，所以人们就让我做主语。猪爸爸主语除了名词充当，还可以是-1.Tom works very hard.（名词）2.I am curious about the history of China.（代词）3.Two in distress makes the sorrow less.（数词）4.Seeing is believing.（动名词）5.To say is one thing,and to do is another.（动词不定式）6.The old should be respected.（名词化的形容词）主
3、语-subject主语：是一个句子的老大。是一句的主体，是在句中说明全句中心的部分。常用名词,代词,不定式,动名词或从句等充当担任。一般放于句首。谓语-predicate 没有我就没有家，所以我是最最重要的谓语动词，我是家里最勤劳的人，洗衣做饭，闲不住，时刻在“动”！。猪妈妈掌握谓语应注意它的几种变化:1)时态变化 如:I usually get up at six.I am getting up now.I got up at five yesterday.I will get up at seven tomorrow.I dont play football after school.He
4、 doesnt do his homework on Sundays.She can play the guitar.谓语动词正确表示形式2)人称和数的变化 如:I work in a big company.He works in a big company.3)语态变化 如:The children carried school bags.(主动语态)School bags were carried by the children.(被动语态)谓语动词正确表示形式 谓语是 句子的躯干,说明主语的动作。谓语动词随着 主语的不同 而变化，随着 时间的不同 而变化，随着与主语的不同关系(主动关系
5、和被动关系)而变化，总之,时时在变。谓语-predicate注意：在每一个正确的句子中便在“谓语”部分。做我的谓语吧Yes,I do.谓语动词 后来，我们就建立了新家庭，形成了最初的、完整的主体结构：主语+谓语。没有孩子时候，谓语叫做不及物动词。We smile.主语 谓语（不及物动词）基本句型一:主语+谓语（主语）谓语 （不及物动词）1.I 2.The birds3.The man4.We all 5.I 6.He can swim.fly.cooked.eat.woke.walked yesterday 此句型的句子有一个共同特点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词
6、。基本句型一：主语+谓语现在，我们有了宝宝，妈妈被尊称为及物动词。孩子叫什么呢就叫宾语吧 We have a baby.主语 谓语 宾语宾语-object 基本句型二：主语+谓语+宾语 我叫宾语。我是妈妈生的，所以老跟在妈妈后面。但我随爸爸姓氏，所以我也是名词。I love dinosaurs.主语 谓语 宾语（实义动词）(宾语)1.I 2.She 3.He 4.He 5.They 6.Danny 7.I 8.Welike laugh at studies made ate likes want enjoyedapples.(名词)her.(代词)English.（名词）cakes.（名词）s
7、ome apples.（名词）reading stories.（动名词）to have a cup of tea.（不定式）ourselves.（代词）宾语除了名词充当，还可以是宾语-object 宾语用来表明动作的对象或结果,是动作的承受者。宾语由名词,代词,短语,不定式,动名词,从句等充当。宾语常用于及物动词之后,称为动词宾语。介词后面的名词或代词,称为介词宾语。丁克家族：主语+谓语（不及物动词vi.）谓语不加宾语，整个句子意思都完整。区别：主谓&主谓宾咱们不要孩子，就过二人世界，有你就是一个完整的家！要得！eg：主语+谓语（不及物动词vi.）I agree.He died.She com
8、es.We are listening.注：不及物动词vi,在句中不用跟宾语句意一样完整！区别：主谓&主谓宾不及物动词vi不直接加宾语，若加宾语要带介词（作为媒介）。eg.I agree with you.eg.He died in the river.eg.We are listening to music.区别：主谓&主谓宾我想要一个孩子，但是年纪大了！没关系，咱们领养一个！嗨，新妈妈！及物动词vt 必须直接加宾语，否则意思不完整。独生子女：主语 +谓语（及物vt.）+宾语 eg.I see a girl.eg.Tom watched TV just now.eg.I have a boo
9、k.区别：主谓&主谓宾那是！有一个自己的孩子，家才完整！小试牛刀你能说出几个主谓宾的句子吗？答案如：1.I see a girl.2.He likes apples.3.We play football after class.练习：区别及物和不及物动词1.He does his homework._2.I found my key._3.We are waiting for you._4.I walk to school._5.He often plays with his classmates._6.We are talking about the story._7.I can swim.
10、_8.I wrote a letter last night._练习：区别及物和不及物动词1.He does his homework.及物vt2.I found my key.及物vt3.We are waiting you .不及物vi4.I walk school.不及物vi5.He often plays with his classmates.不及物vi6.We are talking about the story.不及物vi7.I can swim.不及物vi8.I wrote a letter last night.及物vt谓语动词学生自我小结1.及物动词vt可以直接加_构成_
11、2.不及物动词vi不可以直接加_构成_如果非要加_,就要跟上相应的_谓语动词学生自我小结不及物动词及物动词1.及物动词vt可以直接加 宾语构成 主语+谓语+宾语 结构2.不及物动词vi不可以直接加 宾语构成 主语+谓语 结构如果非要加 宾语就要跟上相应的 介词基本句子结构三：主语+系+表语The old man is my father.大家好！我叫表语。虽然我是主语，但我还得听boss（老爸）的话。系动词是我们沟通的桥梁表语 此句型的句子有一个共同的特点：句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。连系动词
12、重要提示：这些联系动词后经常加形容词,充当表语。常见系动词1.be动词（am/is/are）2.感官动词look，smell，taste，sound，feel3.变化系动词：get，turn，become（是系动词）(表语)1.I2.The book 3.We4.The dinner5.He 6.She7.The cat8.His face9.Seeingamis aresmells(闻)feels looks is turnedisa student.(名词)interesting.（形容词）friends.(名词)good.(形容词)happy.（形容词）beautiful.(形容词)in
13、 the tree.（介词短语）red.(形容词)believing.(动名词)表语由形容词充当，也可以是表语-predicative 表语是说明主语的身份、性质、品性、特征和状态的，表语位于系动词之后，与系动词联系十分紧密，有系动词就有表语，有表语就有系动词I am fine.He is a boy.He is not at home.My hobby is reading.区别：主谓宾&主系表主系表最简单的区分方式：1.看是否有Be动词(is/am/are),2.看是否有感官动词 look，taste，feel,smell.sound.主语 +系动词 +表语 He is a student
14、.I am doing some washing.We are friends.You look beautiful.That sounds good.区别：主谓宾&主系表主谓宾最简单的区分方式：除了句子中谓语部分be动词is/am/are,感官动词look，sound，smell,feel，taste。是其他的表示实际意义的动作的词。有时态语态和数的变化，更加多样化。主语 +谓语 +宾语 I see a girl.She studies English.He can play the guitar.We will go to Beijing.They dont like Beijing Op
15、era.小试牛刀-区分主谓宾，主系表1.This is my mother._2.I dont know her name._3.There are so many flowers in the park._4.I enjoyed myself last night._5.I cant find my Chinese book._6.That dog looks so lovely._ 答案1.This is my mother.主系表2.I dont know her name.主谓宾3.There are so many flowers in the park.主系表4.I enjoyed
16、 myself last night.主谓宾5.I cant find my Chinese book.主谓宾6.That dog looks so lovely.主系表基本句型四：主语+谓语+间宾+直宾 二胎时代：妈妈说老大叫间接宾语，老幺叫直接宾语 主语 谓语 间接宾语 直接宾语 指代人 指代物Father gives us a kite.基本句型四：主语谓语间宾直宾一般的顺序为：动词+间接宾语+直接宾语如：Give me a cup of tea,please.强调间接宾语顺序为：动词+直接宾语+介词+间接宾语如：Show this house to Mr Smith.有些及物动词可以有
17、两个宾语，如：give，pass，bring，show这两个宾语通常一个指人，为间接宾语；一个指物，为直接宾语。主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语 指人 指物、事情make me a cake=make a cake for mebuy me a drink=buy a drink for mepass me the salt.=pass the salt to megive me a book=give a book to me表方向to为某人 for并不是所有的vt都接双宾语，只有少数动词才接双宾语宾语。举一下我们学过的例子：如：give sb sth 给某人 pass sb sth 递给某人
18、你还记得有哪些？_ buy sb sth 买给某人 pay sb sth 支付给某人主语+谓语+间接宾语（人）+直接宾语（物）并不是所有的vt都接双宾语，只有少数动词才接双宾语宾语。give sb sth 给某人pass sb sth 递给某人take sb sth 拿给某人tell sb sth 告诉某人send sb sth 送给某人write sb sth 写给某人buy sb sth 买给某人pay sb sth 支付给某人bring sb sth 带给某人leave sb sth 留给某人show sb sth 给某人看teach sb sth 教给某人主语+谓语+间接宾语（人）+直
19、接宾语（物）基本句型五：主语+谓语+宾语+宾补 自从有了我，妈妈就忙不过来了，所以就请了位老奶奶专门照看我，也算给家里补充个帮手。我叫宾语，奶奶自然就叫宾补。我是来照看孩子的宾补 I make the baby happy.主语 谓语 宾语 宾补主语及物动词宾语宾补1.We 2.They3.We 4.He 5.Ikeep found saw asked sawthe table the house him me themclean.（形容词）dirty.（形容词）out.（副词）to come back soon.（不定式）getting on the bus.（分词）宾补除了形容词充当，还可
20、以是 在英语中，有些句子只有宾语并不能表达完整的意思。还必须在宾语后加上宾语补足语才能表达完整的意思。它起补充说明宾语干什么，怎么样的作用。宾语与其补足语有逻辑上的主谓关系，它们一起构成复合宾语。宾语补足语-object complement基本句型五：主语+谓语+宾语+补语宾补说明宾语“是什么”“是什么样的”，还可补充说明宾语的动作,跟宾语之间有逻辑上的主谓关系。He calls me Tom.He makes everyone laugh.（I am Tom.）(Everyone laughs)区别：主谓宾宾&主谓宾补He calls me Tom.（I am Tom.）He makes
21、everyone laugh.(Everyone laughs)He gave me a book.（一个宾语指代人；一个宾语指代物、事情）判断下列句子哪些是主谓宾宾，哪些是主谓宾补1.I watch the boy playing foot ball.2.My good friend told me a story.3.Lily noticed two dog fight.4.I looked at her flying a kite.5.Please hand me the paper.6.He wanted you to go with him.答案1.I watch the boy p
22、laying foot ball.（主谓宾补）2.My good friend told me a story.（主谓宾宾）3.Lily noticed two dog fight.（主谓宾补）4.I looked at her flying a kite.（主谓宾补）5.Please hand me the paper.（主谓宾宾）6.He wanted you to go with him.（主谓宾补）定语-attribute 定语:对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子。形容词，代词，名词，介词短语，不定式，从句等可以充当定语定语用来修饰名词或代词。凡是有名词、代词的地方都可以有定
23、语。相当于形容词，大部分翻译成“的”。She is a girl.She is a beautiful girl./O1.He2.This 3.The cat under the tree4.The girl to write this letter5.I is is isishavemy boy friend.(名词)my book.（形容词性物主代词）mine.(介词短语)Tom.(不定式)three books.(数词)定语由形容词充当，也可以是状语-adverb目的In order to have more to eat,we often wagged our tails gently
24、 and friendly .目的状语 方式状语 我们跟谓语动词很亲，看家护院是强项（放在在整个句子的前后，修饰动词，形容词，副词）地点时间通常修饰动词或整个句子，位置比较灵活状语常由形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式、分词短语，从句充当。1.We play basketball in the afternoon.(介词短语作时间状语)2.He goes to school by bike.(介词短语作方式状语)3.To keep healthy,I often exercise in the morning.(不定式作目的状语)4.When she was 12 years old,she be
25、gan to live in Beijing.(从句作时间状语)PART 03PART 03综合练习1.They work hard.2.The flower is dead.3.Plants need water.4.He gives me some seeds.5.We should keep the plants in the shade.6.Many animals live in trees.判断下面句子结构1.They work hard.主 +谓2.The flower is dead.主+系+表3.Plants need water.主+谓+宾4.He gives me som
26、e seeds.主+谓+直宾+间宾5.We should keep the plants in the shade.主+谓+宾+宾补6.Many animals live in trees.主 +谓判断下面句子结构7.He kept me a dictionary.8.We find the book very interesting.9.My uncle bought me an e-dictionary.10.Singing makes me happy.判断下面句子结构7.He kept me a dictionary.主+谓+间接宾语+直接宾语8.We find the book ve
27、ry interesting.主+谓+宾+宾补9.My uncle bought me an e-dictionary.主+谓+间接宾语+直宾10.Singing makes me happy.主+谓+宾+宾补判断下面句子结构1.My father strict with me.译：_2.I afraid him.译：_3.Look,My father watching TV.译：_4.He gave a book for me.译：_ 牛刀小试把下列句子中的语法错误找出来，并且翻译。1.My father is strict with me.译：_我父亲对我很严格。2.I am afraid
28、 of him.译：我怕他。3.Look,My brother is watching TV.译：_看，我弟弟正在看电视。4.He gave a book to me.译：他拿了一本书给我_ 答案把下列句子中的语法错误找出来，并且翻译。练习-用基本句子结构进行作文运用 介绍家人写作要求：介绍自己或他人的家人，包括多少人口、爸爸妈妈的职业以及其他家庭成员的相关情况。I love my family There are three people in my family.My father is a driver.He works in a company.He works very hard.M
29、y mother is a worker.She works in a shop.She is friendly.I am a middle school student.I likes making friends.I can play the guitar.Yesterday was my birthday,My father gave me a new bike.My mother bought a new T-shirt for me.In the evening,they sang brithday songs to make me happy.I really love my fa
30、mily.答案 I love my family There are three people in my family（主系表）.My father is a driver.（主系表）He works in a company.（主谓）My mother is a worker.（主系表）She works in a shop.（主谓）I am a middle school student.（主系表）I likes making friends.（主谓宾）I can play the guitar.（主谓宾）Yesterday was my birthday,（主系表）My father
31、gave me .（主谓宾宾）My mother bought a new T-shirt me.（主谓宾宾）In the evening,（时间状语）they sang brithday songs（主谓宾）to make me happy.（目的状语）I really love my family.（主谓宾）句子成分结构分析PART 0PART 04 4总结七大句子成分句子成分主语subject谓语predicate表语predicative宾语object 宾 补object complement定语attribute状语adverb丁克家庭三口之家二胎政策后三代同堂职场大家庭五大基本类型1）主语+谓语2）主语+谓语+宾语3）主语+谓语+宾语+宾补4）主语+谓语+间宾+直宾5）主语+系动词+表语总结总结I love my country more.
