1、现在完成时现在完成时(Present Perfect Tense)(一一)现在完成时的构成:现在完成时的构成:现在完成时是由现在完成时是由“助动词助动词have/has+动词的过去分词动词的过去分词”构成构成。助动词要和。助动词要和主语的人称、数保持一致。主语的人称、数保持一致。缩写:缩写:I have=Ive we have=weve have not=havent has not=hasnt(二二)句式句式 肯定句:肯定句:主语主语+have/has+动词过去分动词过去分词词 否定句否定句:主语主语+havent /hasnt+动动词过去分词词过去分词 一般疑问句:一般疑问句:Have/H
2、as+主语主语+动词动词过去分词?过去分词?Yes,主语主语+have/has.No,主语主语+havent/hasnt.特殊疑问句:特殊疑问句:疑问词疑问词+have/has+主主语语+过去分词?过去分词?我在会东居住两年了。我在会东居住两年了。1.I have lived in Huidong for 2 years.否定句否定句:I havent lived in Huidong for 2 years.一般疑问句一般疑问句:Have you lived in Huidong for 2 years?Yes,I have./No,I havent.特殊疑问句:特殊疑问句:How long
3、 have you lived in Huidong?他已经等了一小时了。他已经等了一小时了。肯定句:肯定句:He has waited for an hour.否定句:否定句:He hasnt waited for an hour.一般疑问:一般疑问:Has he waited for an hour?Yes,he has./No,he hasnt.特殊疑问特殊疑问Who has waited for an hour?(三)动词过去分词的变化规则(三)动词过去分词的变化规则 1.一般情况,在动词词尾一般情况,在动词词尾+ed:finish-finished、play-played (work
4、,want,act,wait,)2.以以e结尾的动词,在词尾结尾的动词,在词尾+d:live-lived、save-saved(move,decide,hope)3.以辅音字母以辅音字母+y结尾的词,变结尾的词,变y为为i+ed:carry-carried、study-studied(try,copy,cry,)4.重读闭音节结尾的词,末尾只有一个辅音重读闭音节结尾的词,末尾只有一个辅音字母,双写该辅音字母字母,双写该辅音字母+ed:stop-stopped、plan-planned(drop,beg,)5.不规则动词的过去分词不规则动词的过去分词 cut-cut-cut,beat-beat-
5、beaten,come-came-come)(四)现在完成时的用法(四)现在完成时的用法 1.表结果。表结果。表示过去发生或已经完表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。常使用常使用just,now,ever,never,already,yet等时间副词。等时间副词。例例1:Have you had lunch yet?你吃了午饭吗?你吃了午饭吗?Yes,Ive just had it.是的是的,我刚刚吃过。我刚刚吃过。(现在我不饿了现在我不饿了)例例2:Its so dark.(怎么那么黑暗)怎么那么黑暗)-Someone has turned o
6、ff the light.(一定是某个人关了灯)(一定是某个人关了灯)例例3:I have already posted the letter.(我已经寄出了信,信现在已我已经寄出了信,信现在已经不在了。)经不在了。)现在完成时的时间状语现在完成时的时间状语:(1)用副词用副词already和和yet。already一般用于一般用于肯定句肯定句中中,yet一般用于一般用于否定句和疑问句否定句和疑问句中。中。We have already finished our homework.我们已完成家庭作业了。我们已完成家庭作业了。They havent finished their homework
7、 yet.他们还没有完成家庭作业。他们还没有完成家庭作业。(2)用用ever和和never。多用于否定或疑问句中。多用于否定或疑问句中,表示表示“曾经曾经”或或“从未从未”等。等。Have you ever been to the Great Wall?你曾经去过长城吗?你曾经去过长城吗?No,I have never been to the Great Wall.不不,我从未去过长城。我从未去过长城。Practice:1.我刚刚摘了两个苹果。我刚刚摘了两个苹果。Ive just picked 2 apples.2.他现在已经完成了他的家庭作业。他现在已经完成了他的家庭作业。He has al
8、ready finished his homework now.3.他们还没关窗户。他们还没关窗户。They havent closed the windows yet.2.表继续表继续 表示从过去某一时间开始并一直持续到现表示从过去某一时间开始并一直持续到现在的动作或状态。这个动作可能刚停止在的动作或状态。这个动作可能刚停止,也也可能仍然在进行。往往和表示一段时间的可能仍然在进行。往往和表示一段时间的状语连用。状语连用。since+时间点或过去时的句子时间点或过去时的句子(since 2012,since 2 years ago,since he studied English)for+时间
9、段时间段(for a month,for 15 years)so far至今,至今,until now直到现在,直到现在,up to now,recently最近,最近,these days这些天这些天 例例1:He has taught here since 1981.他自他自1981年就在这儿教书。年就在这儿教书。(可能还要可能还要继续教继续教)例例2:I have known Amy for 9 years.我和艾米认识九年了。(以后还是朋我和艾米认识九年了。(以后还是朋友)友)例例3:I havent seen her these days.这些天我还没有见过她。(可能马上这些天我还没
10、有见过她。(可能马上要见到了,也可能还见不到)要见到了,也可能还见不到)practice 1.我们已经学了两年的英语了。我们已经学了两年的英语了。Weve learned English for 2 years.2.自从自从5个月前他就住在这里了。个月前他就住在这里了。He has lived here since 5 months ago.3.你在这个工厂上班多久了你在这个工厂上班多久了?How long have you worked in the factory?3.表经验表经验 表示从过去到现在曾经历的事情。可以和表示从过去到现在曾经历的事情。可以和already,yet,ever,n
11、ever,just,before连用。连用。例例1:I have already taught him some English.(我已经教他一些英语了。)我已经教他一些英语了。)例例2:Tom has never been to a zoo before.(汤姆以前从来没有去过动物园。)(汤姆以前从来没有去过动物园。)例例3:They have ever visited our school.(他们曾经参观过我们的学校。)他们曾经参观过我们的学校。)practice1.他从来没有丢过钱。他从来没有丢过钱。He has never lost any money.2.你曾经吃过炸薯条吗?你曾经吃
12、过炸薯条吗?Have you ever eaten fish and chips?3.我还没有学过这个单词。我还没有学过这个单词。I havent learned the word yet.4.Tina读过金银岛吗?读过金银岛吗?Has Tina read Treasure Island yet?4.have/has been to+地点地点 和和have/has gone to+地点地点 的区别的区别(1)have/has been to 表示曾经到表示曾经到过某地过某地,现在已经回来,现在已经回来,不在那里不在那里了。了。(2)have/has gone to 表示已经去表示已经去某地了某
13、地了,现在还没有回来,可能在去,现在还没有回来,可能在去的途中,也可能在目的地或返回的途的途中,也可能在目的地或返回的途中。总之现在中。总之现在不在这里不在这里。例例1:She has been to Shanghai.她去过上海(现在不在上海)她去过上海(现在不在上海)例例2:She has gone to Shanghai.她到上海去了(现在已在上海或在她到上海去了(现在已在上海或在途中)途中)注意事项(一)when 不能与现在完成时连用。不能与现在完成时连用。When have you finished your homework?(X)When did you finish your
14、homework?(V)注意事项(二)现在完成时表继续,时间状语现在完成时表继续,时间状语表示一表示一段时间时段时间时,句中谓语动词必须是,句中谓语动词必须是延续延续性动词性动词(否定句否定句除外)。除外)。eg:I havent bought any books for 2 years.(v)I have bought this book for 2 years.(x)现在完成时中现在完成时中非延续性动词非延续性动词和延续性动词和延续性动词的转换的转换(1)非延续性动词也称为终止性动词、非延续性动词也称为终止性动词、瞬间动词,表示不能延续的动作,这瞬间动词,表示不能延续的动作,这种动作发生后
15、立即结束。如:种动作发生后立即结束。如:open,close,die,begin,finish,come,go,move,borrow,lend,buy等等eg:He died 5 years ago.()He has died for 5 years.()(2).延续性动词表示能延续的动作,如:延续性动词表示能延续的动作,如:learn,work,stand,know,walk,keep,wait,sing,watch,sleep,live,have等等。延续性动词可以与表示时间。延续性动词可以与表示时间段的状语连用。段的状语连用。I have had this book for 2 yea
16、rs.He has been dead since 5 years ago.对应的转换对应的转换:borrowkeep,buy have,begin/startbe on,finish/stopbe over,die be dead,leavebe away,come/go be+相应的介词相应的介词,get to/arrive/reach be(in)becomebe,join be in/be a member of open be open,close be closed,make friends be friends,go to school be in school go out b
17、e out,fall asleep be asleep,fall ill be ill,catch a cold have a cold,等等()5.I am a soldier.I _ the army _ about five years.A.have joined;since B.have joined;for C.have been in;for D.have been in;since C1、They have been here since 2000.(对划线部对划线部分提问分提问)_ _ have they been here?2、The old man _ last year.
18、(die/dead)He _ _ _ for a year.(die/dead)(选词填空)(选词填空)3、This factory opened twenty years ago.(同义同义 句转换句转换)This factory _ for twenty years.How long diedhas been open has been dead 4、Miss Gao left an hour ago.(同义句同义句转换转换)Miss Gao _ _ _ _ an hour.5、Her mother has been a Party member for three years.(同义句)(同义句)Her mother _ the Party three years _.has been away forjoinedago注意事项(三)It is/has+been+时间+since从句(从句用过去时)=时间 has passed+since从句(过去时)eg:It is/has been two years since I bought the book.=Two years has passed since I bought the book