1、 时态是用来表明谓语动词所表示的动作或状态发生的时间的一种形式。英语中动词的时态主要由动词的不同形式来表示，初中阶段常用的时态共8种。时 态一般现在时01现在进行时02一般过去时03C O N T E N T S目 录过去进行时04一般将来时05过去将来时06C O N T E N T S目 录现在完成时07过去完成时08时态的注意事项09C O N T E N T S目 录一般现在时是描述现在或经常性的动作、性质或状态的时态。一般现在时am is areI am a teacher.HeShe is a policeman.we are students.肯定式：否定式:疑问式:简略回答:b
2、e动词的一般现在时的构成1什么是实义动词？have hasI have some books.HeShe has some books.we have some books.肯定式：否定式：疑问式：简略回答：实义动词的一般现在时的构成（以动词have为例）2一般现在时的构成 常与一般现在时连用的时间状语：often 经常 usually 通常 always 总是 never 从不 every day 每天 once a week 每周一次 sometimes 有时 seldom 很少 on/at weekends 在周末 一般现在时的用法1.表示现在的情况或状态.She knows sever
3、al languages.她懂好几种语言。.The soup tastes good.这汤味道很好。2.表示现在习惯性、经常性的动作或状态Where do you live and where do you work?你住在什么地方?你在哪里工作.When do you usually have breakfast?你通常什么时候吃早饭?一般现在时的用法3.表示普遍真理、客观存在及自然现象.China lies in the east of Asia.中国位于亚洲东部。In summer,days are longer than nights and in winter its the opp
4、osite.夏天的白天比夜晚长，冬天相反。4.表示按时间表或计划将要发生的动作.The final exam takes place next week.期末考试下周进行。.The train leaves London at six and arrives at Birmingham at eight.火车六点离开伦敦，八点到达伯明翰。【注意】常用于这种情况的动词有：come、go、run、start、begin、return、leave、take place等句中常有表示将来的时间状语。一般现在时的用法5.用于时间、条件和让步状语从句中表示将要发生的动作.Well let you know
5、 as soon as you arrive.你一到，我们就告诉你。.If it doesnt rain,well go on a picnic as planned.如果不下雨，我们将按计划去野餐。Fast as you read,you cant finish the book so soon.纵然你读得快，你也不能这么快读完这本书。start、leave、go、come、arrive 这些是表示来、去、开始的动词，最爱“一般现在时”!高频考点 一般现在时是中考常考的知识点，解题时要注意发现时间状语或暗示时间概念的语境。另外,还要特别注意在时间、条件、让步状语从句中用一般现在时代替一般将来
6、时的用法。1.If the scinence fiction_into English,it will be popular around the world.A.transtates B.is translated C.translated D.was translated 答案：B2.-Whats your plan for the summer holiday?-Ill go to Chengdu as soon as the school term_.A.end B.ends C.will end 答案：BThe book puts on the desk.These books pu
7、t on the desk.现在进行时表示说话时正在进行的动作；表示现阶段正在进行的动作。现在进行时 现在进行时的构成实义动词的现在进行时的构成(以动词 work 为例):肯定式：I am working.否定式：Im not/am not working.疑问式：Am I working?简略回答:Yes，Iam.或 No,Im not.He/She/It is working.We/You/They are working.现在进行时的用法1.表示说话时正在进行的动作The telephone is ringing.Would you answer it,please?电话正在响。你能否接
8、一下?Now watch carefully and see what is happening in the experiment.现在仔细观察,看实验中正在发生什么。2.表示现阶段正在进行的动作，虽然此时此刻动作不一定正在进行George is working on a new book about stories in schools.乔治在写一本关于校园故事的新书。3.表示此时此刻某一动作不断地重复The boy is jumping with great joy at the sight of toys.一看到玩具，小男孩高兴得不停地跳。现在进行时的用法4.表示将要发生的动作一些表示
9、位移的非延续性动词，如arrive、come、go、leave等常用现在进行时表示计划或打算将要做的事情。We are leaving for Germany next week.下周我们将出发去德国。5.在时间或条件状语从句中代替将来进行时If I am sleeping when he comes,wake me up,please.他来时如果我正在睡觉,请叫醒我。6.与副词 always、usually、forever 等连用，强调说话者的某种感情或对某一心理的描述 She is always thinking of others.她总是为别人着想。(赞扬)Why are you alw
10、ays coming late for class?你怎么总是上课迟到?(批评)现在进行时的用法Where do you live and where do you work?你住在什么地方?你在哪里工作.When do you usually have breakfast?你通常什么时候吃早饭?She is always thinking of others.她总是为别人着想。(赞扬)Why are you always coming late for class?你怎么总是上课迟到?(批评)现在进行时的用法现在进行时的标志词：now 现在 at this moment 此刻 at pres
11、ent 目前 this week 本周 look 看 listen 听 高频考点现在进行时也是考查频率很高的一种时态,题目中往往会有明显的提示词、时间状语或语境。-The policewoman _ the driver for breaking the traffic rules.-Thats right.Hes explaining to her loudly over there.A.is punishing B.was punishing C.would punish【答案】A表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态；表示过去经常或反复发生的动作或状态。一般过去时 一般过去时的构成 一般过去时的
12、构成 一般过去时的用法1.表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态.I received a strange phone call yesterday.昨天我接到一个奇怪的电话。.The person you are looking for went away just now.你要找的那个人刚走.常用必备:常与一般过去时连用的时间状语just now 刚才 yesterday 昨天 last night 昨天晚上 last year 去年 the other day 不久前的某一天 at that time 在那时 at that moment 在那时 in 2002 在2002 年 in the o
13、ld days 在过去的岁月里 a few days ago 几天前 一般过去时的用法2.表示过去经常或反复发生的动作或状态这种用法常与always、usually、often、sometimes、never等时间状语连用。I always got up too late,and never had enough time for breakfast.我总是起床很晚，从来没有足够的时间吃早饭。3.表示在过去特定时间一次完成的具有先后顺序的几个动作此时一般不出现表示过去的时间状语，须通过情景断定。I got up early,washed my face,had a quick breakfas
14、t and hurried to school.我早早起了床，洗完脸，迅速吃完早饭，就匆忙上学去了。一般过去时的用法4.追述逝去的人或事The book was written by Liang Shiqiu.这本书是梁实秋写的。Lei Feng set a good example for the people throughout the world.雷锋为全世界的人们树立了一个好榜样。5.在时间、条件、让步等状语从句中代替过去将来时She said when our teacher came she would let me know.她说我们的老师来的时候她会告知我。高频考点一般过去时
15、在中考中经常考到，要注意根据语境及题干中给出的时间状语进行判断。1.During Dr Mas last visit,he_on 150 patients on the ORBIS plane.A.operates B.is operating C.will operate D.operated【答案】D2.-Jerry,have you ever been to the Great Wall?-Yes.I_ there with my parents last year.A.go B.went C.will go D.have gone【答案】B表示过去某一时间或某一段时间内正在进行的动作过
16、去进行时 过去进行时的构成 过去进行时的用法1.表示在过去某一时间正在进行的动作When he called me,I was having dinner.他给我打电话时,我正在吃晚饭。I was washing the dishes while Mother was clearing the table.我在洗盘子,妈妈在收拾桌子。At that moment,I wasnt doing anything.那会儿我什么也没干。She was drawing a picture this time yesterday.昨天这个时候,她正在画画。2.表示在过去某一段时间内正在进行的动作.We w
17、ere warking from two to four yesterday afternoon.昨天下午，我们从两点一直工作到四点。I whs tidying my sitting room the whole morning.整个早上,我都在收拾我的起居多 过去进行时的用法常用必备:常与过去进行时连用的时间状语at five yesterday昨天五点last night 昨晚 at that time 当时 the whole morning 整个上午 this time yesterday昨天这个时候 then 那时 高频考点过去进行时也是中考常考的内容，一般须借助明确的语境或时间状语
18、提示才能做出正确判断。1.-Linda,I called at seven last night and you didnt pick up.-Oh,I_to an English speech.A listen B.am listening C.was listening【答案】C2.Jack_a shower when his mother rang him up.A.takes B.has taken C.is taking D.was taking【答案】D“willshall+动词原形”表示将来；“be going to+动词原形”表示将来一般将来时 一般将来时的构成 一般将来时的用
19、法1.“will/shall+动词原形”表示将来will/shall+动词原形”表示将要发生的动作或状态。在书面语中，主语是I或we时，常用shall,也可用will；在口语中，will可用于各种人称。.Itll soon be the New Year.很快就到新年了。.I will/shall see you tomorrow to talk about the new plan.明天我去见你谈谈有关新计划的事。.Hell lose the job if he doesnt work hard.如果他不努力工作他就会失去这份工作。一般将来时的用法常用必备:常与一般将来时连用的时间状语tom
20、orrow 明天 next year 明年 next time 下次 before long 不久后 in the future 将来 tomorrow evening 明晚this afternoon 今天下午 the day after tomorrow 后天 一般将来时的用法2.“be going to+动词原形”表示将来这种用法常表示计划、打算或根据目前迹象推测很可能发生的事或动作。.Im going to gather some materials about Picasso.我打算搜集一些有关毕加索的材料。Its going to be a fine day for surfing
21、 tomorrow.明天将是一个冲浪的好天气。一般将来时的用法用法比较be going to 与 will/shall 的区别1.be going to 指当前的、已计划过或思考过的意图和打算;will/shall 表示未事先思考或计划过的意图;2.be going to还可表示客观迹象表明马上要发生，而 will 则表明说话者的观点、主观意愿。.Im going to see him tomorrow.我打算明天去看他。(事先经过思考）Ill answer the door.我去开门。(未经事先考虑的意图)Look at the clouds.There is going to be a s
22、torm.看看这些云。暴风雨要来了。(客观迹象)I hope it will be warm tomorrow.我希望明天会暖和起来。(主观意愿)一般将来时的用法3.“be to+动词原形”表示将来表示计划中约定的或按职责、义务和要求必须去做的事或即将发生的动作。The president is to visit China next week.总统将在下周访问中国。The meeting is to take place early tomorrow.会议明天一早召开。4.“be about to+动词原形”表示将来用于表示客观就要发生的事或动作。一般不与具体的时间状语连用。Dont go
23、out.Were about to have dinner.别出去了。我们很快就吃晚饭I was about to start when it began to rain.我刚要出发,天就开始下起雨了5.一般现在时表示将来6.现在进行时表示将来 高频考点一般将来时的用法在中考题中经常考查，进行判断时要注意发现表示将来意义的词语或语境。1.There _an English show this weekend.Shall we go and watch it?A.are going to be B.was C.will be D.were【答案】c2.-There _a basketball g
24、ame against Class Two this Sunday.-I see.I will come and cheer you on.A.will have B.is going to be C.is going to have【答案】B 表示从过去某一时间看将要发生的动作或存在的状态过去将来时 过去将来时的构成 过去将来时的用法过去将来时表示从过去某一时间看将要发生的动作或存在的状态。这种时态常用于宾语从句或间接引语中。Last week he promised that he would come,but he hasnt arrived until now.上周他保证过会来的,可到
25、现在他都还没到。He said that he would wait for me at the gate.他说过他会在大门口等我。过去将来时的用法特别提示过去将来时的其他表达方式与一般将来时一样,只是有关动词要改为过去式。.You were going to give me your address but you didnt.你准备给我你的地址的,可你没给。Mr Green was leaving for Hawaii a few hours later.格林先生本打算几个小时后就要到夏威夷去。I was about to leave when the telephone rang.我正要
26、离开,这时电话响了。高频考点1.Mr Chen asked me if Lily _to him.（）Ahave written Bwill writeCwritesDwould write答案：D2.Too many people were absent.The famous training school announced that it _ the activity if necessary.（）Awould cancelBcancelledCwill cancelDhas cancelled答案：A表示过去发生的动作对现在的影响；表示直到现在为止的生活经历现在完成时 现在完成时的构成
27、 现在完成时的用法1.表示过去发生的动作对现在产生的影响常与just、already、yet(用于否定句和疑问句)连用，谓语用非延续性动词。He has just gone out.他刚刚出去了。.I have already finished my lunch.我已经吃完午饭了。Have you heard the news yet?你听说这个消息了吗?2.表示动作或状态从过去某时开始，一直延续至今，可能刚刚结束，也可能继续下去；这种用法常与 for、since 表示的时间状语连用,可以用 how long提问，谓语用延续性动词。-How long have you lived here?你
28、在这里住了多久了?-I have lived here for about ten years.我在这里住了大约十年了。.We have been very busy since the new term began.新学期开始以来,我们就很忙。现在完成时的用法特别提示非延续性动词在肯定句中通常不能用表示一段时间的词、短语或句子作状语，但在否定句中可以用。肯定句中若有表示时间段的状语，非延续性动词须换成延续性动词。.We havent come here for ages.我们多年没来这里了。The rain hasnt stopped since three hours ago.三个小时了，
29、这雨还没停。I have jained the Youth Volunteers.我加入了青年志愿者。I have been in the Youth Volunteers for five years.我成为青年志愿者五年了。现在完成时的用法3.表示直到现在为止的生活经历常与never、ever(用于否定句和疑问句)、(only)once、twice或three times 等连用可以用how many times 提问，谓语用延续性动词。.He has never been late for school.他上学从未迟到过。-How many times have you ever bee
30、n to England?你曾经去过英国几次?-Only once.只去过一次。现在完成时的用法用法比较have gone to 与 have been to 的区别 have gone to表示“去而未归”,而 have been to 表示“去过”。It cant be John.He has gone to town.不可能是约翰。他进城了。John knows the way well.He has been to the city before.约翰很熟悉那里的路。他以前去过那个城市。高频考点现在完成时是中考考查的重点，同时也是难点，正确理解句子意义及找出时间状语是解题的关键。另外，
31、have gone to和 have been to的区别在考试中频繁出现。1.-Why are you in such a hurry?-Because the class_for 10 minutes.A.has been on B.has begun C.is on D.begins【答案】A2.-The Whites have_Hong Kong.-Oh,really?I have never_there before.A.been to;gone B.gone to;been C.been to;gone to D.gone to;been to【答案】B表示过去的过去；表示从过去某
32、一时刻开始一直持续至另一个过去时刻过去完成时 过去完成时的构成 过去完成时的用法1.表示过去的过去表示一个动作在过去某一时间或某一动作之前已经完成。By the end of last month he had only finished half of the work.到上月底为止，他只完成了一半工作。By the time I was five,I had started learning English在我五岁的时候，我已经开始学英语了。.I found your coat after you had left the house.你离开房子以后，我找到了你的外套。过去完成时的用法2.
33、表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续至另一个过去时刻动作在过去某一时间以前就已开始，一直延续到另一个过去时间，并有可能继续进行下去。常与 for、since 引导的表示时间的短语或从句连用。She said that she had made much progress since she came here.她说自从她到这里后，她已经取得了很大进步。I had worked in a car factory for two years before I came here.我来这儿之前已在一家汽车厂工作了两年。过去完成时的用法3.在宾语从句中也经常使用过去完成时，表示从句动作先于主句动作发生I t
34、hought I had seen him before.我原以为我以前见过他。He told a radio interviewer that he had run out of his money to buy old bikes.他告诉一个电台记者，他买旧自行车已花光了他所有的钱。过去完成时的用法常用必备常与过去完成时连用的时间状语long before 很久以前by that time 到那时为止before that year 那年之前 before I knew this 在我知道这件事之前 by the end of last week 到上周末为止when I got to t
35、he station 在我到达车站时since he came to.自从他来之后 高频考点1.-Is Tommy here today？-Sorry，he isnt in.He abroad on business.（）Awas going BwentChas gone答案：C2.By the age of 15，Su Yiming _ to train on the national team.（）AbeganBhas begunCwill beginDhad begun答案：D3.By the end of last year，Roy _ in that post office for
36、thirty years.（）AworkedBwould work Chad worked Dhas worked答案：C时态的注意事项 时态的注意事项1.主从一致原则He said that he had known her well.2.一般现在时和现在完成时（1）一般现在时表示“存在、状况”时，采用表示状态的词，如be keep、stay、exist、have等，而这些动词一般很少用现在进行时This rule remains to be discussed.(2)以here、there等开头的句子，说明正在发生的动作，不用进行时，而用一般现在时。Look out!There comes a fierce dog.时态的注意事项3.一般过去时和现在完成时（1）一般过去时可以用一个确定的过去时间作状语，纯属过去，与现在无关。（2）现在完成时不可以用一个确定是时间作状语，表示的事情发生在过去，与现在有关。例句：I learned Java language at collage.I have learned Java language.She went to Japan last week.She has gone to Japan.
