1、名词人教版英语人教版英语Go For It中考中考语法语法专项复习专项复习阿东老师阿东老师(wyf)(wyf)制作制作同学们，你们知道实词、虚词都有哪些吗？虚词：英语中无实在意义，在句子中不能独立承担句子成分的词实词：能单独充当句子成分，有实际意义和语法意义的词n.num.pron.adv.adj.v.art.interj.conj.prep.课程引入课程引入今天让我们来复习：名词，重新探索名词的奥秘！名词（英语：noun，缩写n.），是词类的一种，属于实词。名词表示人、事、物、地点或抽象概念的统一名称。名词分为专有名词和普通名词。专有名词用法：第一个字母要大写。e.g.人名：Tom，Pete
2、r，Mr.Wang地名：Europe，New York，Peoples Square节日、月份、星期：Christmas，October，Saturdaytips：有些单词字母的大小写不同，词义也不一样。e.g.Rose 罗丝（女名）rose玫瑰China 中国china 陶瓷New York(the United States)你知道名词在句中都作怎么成分吗？阅读下面几个小句子总结一下吧！Knowledge is power.知识就是力量。Tom is a good boy who loves playing basketball.汤姆是一个喜欢打篮球的好男孩。They elected Na
3、ncy monitor.他们选南希当班长。Mr Brown,a famous scientist,will come here.著名科学家布朗先生将来这里。The girls are making paper flowers.女孩们正在制作纸花。The meeting lasted an hour.会议开了一个钟头。作主语作状语作定语作同位语作补语（宾语补足语）作表语作宾语Mary,can you give me a place?玛丽，你能给我让一点位子吗？作独立成分只修饰可数名词的修饰语few 几乎没有a few 有几个several 有几个many 很多a couple of 两个a nu
4、mber of 若干a great/large number of 许多只修饰不可数名词的修饰语little很少，几乎没有a little有一点儿much很多a good/great deal of很多a bit of有一点儿a large amount of大量的既可修饰可数名词又可修饰不可数名词的修饰语some 一些a lot of 很多lots of 很多plenty of 充足的enough 足够的most 大多数的hardly any 几乎没有the rest of 剩下的常见的名词修饰词可数名词变复数：1.一般情况加se.g.penpens,doctordoctors,boyboy
5、s读音:在清辅音后读/s/,在元音和浊辅音后读/z/,以ce,se,ze,(d)ge结尾读/z/.e.g.mapmaps/m?ps/，boyboys/b?z/，bridgebridges/brdz/.2.在以s,sh,ch,x结尾的名词后面加ese.g.busbuses,brush-brushes,box-boxes,watch-watches读音:/z/.3.以辅音字母加y结尾的名词，y变i加es,读/z/e.g.factoryfactories,countrycountries,familyfamilies.以元音字母加y结尾的名词复数只加s，e.g.boyboys,daydays。4.以
6、o结尾的名词有生命的+es，无生命加s 5.以f或fe结尾的名词的复数形式要将f或fe变为v再加ese.g.knifeknives,leafleaves,wifewives,wolfwolves以o结尾的名词的复数形式一般要加es，但如果o前面是元音字母或外来词、缩写词则只加s，e.g.tomatotomatoes,heroheroes;photophotos(photogragh),radioradios,pianopianos(意Pianoforte)a-ee.g.manmen,womanwomen,注意：a-e型修饰作定语修饰名词复数时，单词本身也应变复数.e.g.20 men teac
7、hers.6.可数名词变复数的不规则变化特殊记忆：scarf-scarfs/scarves;roof-roofs;belief-beliefs;stomach-stomachs;giraffe-giraffes;mousemiceoo-eee.g.tooth-teeth;foot-feet;goose-geese+en/rene.g.child-children;ox-oxen单复同形的名词e.g.fish,sheep,deer,集合名词中日两不变，英法变中间,其余+s（常见）e.g.Frenchman-Frenchmen;Englishman-Englishmen;Chinese-Chine
8、se;Japanese-Japanese;German-Germans鱼肉：fish-fish种类：fish-fishes1.s所有格单数名词和不以-s结尾的复数名词在词尾加s构成所有格e.g.Marks room 马克的房间;Childrens Day 六一儿童节复数名词以-s结尾的只需要加构成所有格e.g.twins father 双胞胎的爸爸表示两人共有（一个）物品的时候，只在第二个人名后面加s，即人名+人名s；人名s+人名s则表示两个人分别拥有（的物品）。e.g.Tom and Tonys room 汤姆和托尼的房间（两人同一个房间）Toms and Tonys rooms汤姆的房间和
9、托尼的房间（分别拥有一个）2.of所有格可以用名词+of+名词的结构来表示所有关系。e.g.A bag of mine（双重所有格）=my bag 我的书包The name of the girl=the girls name 女孩的名字The window of the bedroom=the bedrooms window卧室的窗户3.双重所有格s所有格和of所有格两种所有格形式结合在一起，构成of所有格形式，即双重所有格。n.of名词性物主代词。e.g.a good friend of mine 我的一个好朋友an interesting story of his 他的有趣的经历名词of
10、s所有格。e.g.He is a friend of my sistersone of my sisters friends他是我姐姐的一个朋友Look at that long nose of Jacks看杰克的那个长鼻子。（感情色彩）试比较：a picture of Xiao Zhanga picture of Xiao Zhangs小张（本人）的照片小张（具有的照片中）的一张照片3 不定冠词、数词、某些不定代词（some，any，many，no，few等）以及which等限定词，一般不与形容词性物主代词或s所有格等一起放在名词前修饰名词，而采用of所有格或双重所有格形式。e.g.most
11、 of the students 学生中的大多数three of them 他们中的三个人I have read some books of his我读过他的一些书。Which book of Qiong Yaos have you read？你读过琼瑶的哪一本书？1She is Marys brothers friend2She is a friend of Marys brother3She is a friend of Marys brothers及时演练：s所有格、of所有格和双重所有格三者之间的细微区别，请仔细比较下面三句话：1 句用的是s所有格，侧重说明她和Mary的哥哥是朋友关系
12、，突出friend一词。2 句用的是of所有格，侧重说明她和Mary的哥哥是朋友关系，强调突出了Marys brother。3 句用的是双重所有格，侧重说明Mary哥哥的朋友不止是一个，她只是其中的一个。1.v.n.+r/er/ore.g.farmer,baker,visitor,professor,cooker,container(容器),dancer,teacher,director,actor(act+ress=actress女演员)+ion/atione.g.invention,discussion,invention,preparation+inge.g.building,openi
13、ng,beginning+mente.g.improvement,development,achievement,agreement+uree.g.failure,pleasure特殊变化：sell-sale,weigh-weight,succeed-success,know-knowledge,laugh-laughter2.adj.n.+y/itye.g.difficulty,popularity,creativity,activityt变cee.g.difference,absense,confidence,convenience(便利)+nesse.g.kindness,sadness
14、,illness+the.g.warmth,wide-width/wd/特殊变化：medical-medicine,high-height,able-ability,long-length,strong-strength,young-youth3.n.n.+iste.g.artist,scientist,tourist,pianist,violinist+n/an/iane.g.American,European,magician,musician1.Lucy and Lilyin the same class.A.am B.is C.are D.be2.Which is the to the
15、 bus stop，please?A road B way C street D address析由and连接两个单数名词作主语时应按复数名词来搭配谓语动词。析这是考察同意词辨析，road是指较宽阔的大道，意为“乡间公路”，而street意为道路两边的建筑物较高，可视为街道之意，而way则多为要到达某地所要经过的途径，还可引深为方式、方法。而address则为“地址”。如：There is a car running along the country road.I live at 105 Park street.Can you show me the way to the National
16、Museum?CB3.Hurry up!There is time left.A little B a little C few D a few4.How many can you see in the picture?A tomatos B tomatoes C tomato D the tomato 5.is the meat.Please?Ten yuan a kilo.A How much B How many C How old D How long析因time作为时间讲为不可数名词，所以不可用few，a few来修饰。另外，英文的表达法与中文不同，中文讲，快点，时间不多了，而英文要
17、讲，快点，没时间了。因此，要用little而不用a little.析用How many提问时，其名词要用复数形式，而tomato的复数要加es.析由对话的答语可看出其问句问的是价格。钱数作为整体、价格讲时，不论其值是多少都是不可数名词，要用how much 提问。BAA 8 Would you please pass me?A two paper B two papersC two pieces of paper D two pieces of papers 9 September 10th is Day.A Teacher B Teachers C Teachers D Teachers10
18、 I only have bread for lunch today.A a bit B a bit of C little D few11“What would you like,Ann?”“Id like two.”A glass of milk B glasses of milkC glass of milks D glasses of milks析paper是不可数名词，如讲一张、两张纸时，要用量词piece.BBDC15 All the students are busy,so of them will go to the cinema.A many B little C a few
19、 D few 16 There are threeand sevenin the picture.A deers,sheeps B.deers,sheepC deer,sheep D.deer,sheeps17 Whose room is this?Its.A my B Kikes and JohnsC our D Kike and Johns析student是可数名词，而few用于可数名词，意为：几乎没有学生去电影院。析deer与sheep均是单复同形的名词。析因为room为单数，所以不可能是Kike的一间与John的一间，应为二者共用的一间房子。DDC1.A seat belt can h
20、elp protect passengers in many car _.(accident)2.About 1,200 _who were born in Jiangsu attended the first Jiangsu Development Summit in Nanjing.(guest)3.Many _ have set good examples for us to follow.(hero)4.The _ faces were a sight,covered with dust.(boy)5.I dont like soap operas because I think th
21、ey are _.(meaning)6.March 8th is _ Day.(woman)7.There are some _ and pens on Wang Juns desk.(knife)8.Drivers should drive more slowly on _ days.(rain)accidentsheroesguestsboysmeaninglessrainyknivesWomens15 She often provides food and clothes for the _ children.（home）16.After two _ holiday,we came ba
22、ck to work full of energy.（day）17.Dont leave the water running when you brush your _.（tooth）18.Hanzhong is in the _ part of Shaanxi province.(south)19.On _ Day,I bought a red scarf for my mother and she was glad to get it.(mother)20.The railway system _ depended on the plan used in other countries.(
23、success)HomelessdaysteethsouthernMotherssuccessfulStop running from your problems.不要逃避问题。Face them head on.No,it wont be easy.There is no person in the world capable of flawlessly handling every punch thrown at them.We arent supposed to be able to instantly solve problems.Thats not how were made.In
24、fact,were made to get upset,sad,hurt,stumble and fall.Because thats the whole purpose of living to face problems,learn,adapt,and solve them over the course of time.This is what ultimately molds us into the person we become.直面并解决问题。没错，这很不容易。世上没有人能够轻松的渡过每一个难关。也没有人就能不停地轻松地战胜困难。事实上，我们本就该迷茫，伤心，难过，出差错，因为那是生活的意义所在去面对问题，去学习，去适应，随着时间的发展学会解决问题，塑造了我们成为什么样的人。Write at the endEverything is to be continuedIf you have some difficulties in learning English,please take a look at the following paragraph and it may help you.再见！
