1、中考英语总复习冲刺短文填空一.教学目标:1.1.掌握短文填空的技巧和解题步骤。掌握短文填空的技巧和解题步骤。2.2.能运用技巧和方法完成短文填空。能运用技巧和方法完成短文填空。3.3.克服对短文填空的畏惧心理,提高克服对短文填空的畏惧心理,提高英语综合运用能力。英语综合运用能力。短文填空短文填空:考查方式是给出一段考查方式是给出一段200200个词语个词语左右的短文,在短文中挖出十个空,要求左右的短文,在短文中挖出十个空,要求学生通读短文,掌握大意,然后补全短文,学生通读短文,掌握大意,然后补全短文,每空一词,每空每空一词,每空1.51.5分,共分,共1515分。它是一分。它是一种综合性很强且
2、难度较大的题型,它主要种综合性很强且难度较大的题型,它主要检测考生的语言综合运用能力,检测考生的语言综合运用能力,主要考查主要考查八大词类:名词、动词、形容词、副词、八大词类:名词、动词、形容词、副词、代词、介词、连词、冠词、数词。代词、介词、连词、冠词、数词。二二.命题特点命题特点1.名词数名词数(可数的变化规律可数的变化规律/单复数同形单复数同形/不规则变化不规则变化/不可数名词不可数名词)形形+名名,谓语动谓语动+名名,所有格所有格+名名,a/an/the+名名,指示代词指示代词+名名,不定代不定代+名名2.动词动词:谓语谓语:时态(变化规律和不规则动词表)和语态(被动语态)时态(变化规
3、律和不规则动词表)和语态(被动语态)谓动谓动_,若已有名词,则用名词修饰词若已有名词,则用名词修饰词 名词名词/代词代词_ 非谓语非谓语:动词不定式、现在分词(空格前已有一谓动动词不定式、现在分词(空格前已有一谓动,则空格用则空格用非谓非谓)3.形容词形容词:比较级和最高级、比较级和最高级、+ed和和+ing的区别的区别;做定语做定语(形形+n)或表语或表语(be/系系+形形.)句中有比较级或最高级标记词句中有比较级或最高级标记词 be+_4.副词副词:修饰动词或放句首修饰整个句子修饰动词或放句首修饰整个句子 程度副词修饰形容词(或副词)程度副词修饰形容词(或副词)5.冠词:冠词:a/an、t
4、he(不定冠词特殊的有哪些不定冠词特殊的有哪些)+名词名词,+名词名词/代词代词三三.命题规律命题规律+谓动谓动形形/动动ing/过去分词过去分词6.数词:基数词和序数词的区别;其他表达数量多少的词(数词:基数词和序数词的区别;其他表达数量多少的词(little,few,some;any;much;many.)(名词前有空格用数词、形物代、形,冠)(名词前有空格用数词、形物代、形,冠)7.代词:人称代词、物主代词、不定代词、反身代词、疑问代词代词:人称代词、物主代词、不定代词、反身代词、疑问代词8.连词:转折或并列关系连词:转折或并列关系;因果关系;时间状语因果关系;时间状语9.从句引导词:宾
5、语从句、定语从句、状语从句(从句引导词:宾语从句、定语从句、状语从句(空格前后是句子空格前后是句子)10.介词:方位介词、时间介词、介词短语、动词短语搭配介词:方位介词、时间介词、介词短语、动词短语搭配11.其他:固定搭配其他:固定搭配 原词复现原词复现 固定句型固定句型 语法一致等语法一致等方法一:句子结构分析方法一:句子结构分析填词填词四、解题技巧四、解题技巧1.句子结构成分完整句子结构成分完整修饰词(冠词、形容词性物主代词、形容词修饰词(冠词、形容词性物主代词、形容词和和副词)副词)常考高频词汇常考高频词汇形容词类形容词类:状态类状态类,如如:good badfull/hungry/co
6、mfortable,relaxed等等 情感情绪类情感情绪类,如如:interested,happy,angry,nervous/worried等等 人物性格类,如人物性格类,如:honest,lazy,polite等等 副词:副词:however,finally,also,时间,时间+later,时间,时间+ago,疑问副词疑问副词(how/when.)+to do 等等2.不定代词不定代词 隐含数量关系或固定搭隐含数量关系或固定搭(little,few,some;any;much;many.)复合不定代词复合不定代词something/anything/nothing/everything
7、等等,形容词后形容词后置置3.句子成分不完整句子成分不完整填入主语填入主语(名词名词/代词代词)或宾语(名或宾语(名/代),表语代),表语 4.句子成分不完整句子成分不完整填入谓语填入谓语动词动词(注意时态、语态,数保持一致注意时态、语态,数保持一致)5.两个句子间缺连接词(两个句子间缺连接词(如同时出现两个谓语动词,就是如同时出现两个谓语动词,就是两个句子两个句子)1)两句子结构完整)两句子结构完整,填连词填连词(并列连词并列连词/转折连词转折连词)或副词或副词 2)缺状语从句连接词)缺状语从句连接词(注:从句(注:从句+逗号逗号+主句主句=主句主句+引引导词导词+从句)从句)3)定语从句缺
8、主语或宾语)定语从句缺主语或宾语(句子(名词)(句子(名词)+引导词引导词+句子)句子)4)宾语从句缺主语或宾语)宾语从句缺主语或宾语(句子(动词)(句子(动词)+引导词引导词+句子)句子).She shared the feelings 72 _filledd with such joy.was方法方法二二:词汇复现:词汇复现填词填词词汇复现是指某一词汇以原词、同根词(词性变化)词汇复现是指某一词汇以原词、同根词(词性变化),同义词,同义词等等形式重复出现在语篇中,使得语篇中的句子相互衔接和连贯。考形式重复出现在语篇中,使得语篇中的句子相互衔接和连贯。考生可追溯上下文或从文中相同或相似的结构
9、中寻找复现词线索。生可追溯上下文或从文中相同或相似的结构中寻找复现词线索。方法方法三三:根据上下文语境填词根据上下文语境填词根据上下文的意思,分析句子间的逻辑关系,确定空格的词义。根据上下文的意思,分析句子间的逻辑关系,确定空格的词义。常见的逻辑关系有:并列关系、因果关系、转折关系等。常见的逻辑关系有:并列关系、因果关系、转折关系等。方法四:动词短语方法四:动词短语/固定搭配固定搭配/比较等级解题标志词比较等级解题标志词than/of allthan/of all等等短文填空中常见的固定搭配有动词短语、名词短语、介词短语等,短文填空中常见的固定搭配有动词短语、名词短语、介词短语等,考生需熟记此
10、类固定搭配,帮助解题。考生需熟记此类固定搭配,帮助解题。五.解题步骤1.1.(Read through)(Read through)第一遍跳过空格通读全文第一遍跳过空格通读全文,对,对文章有一个整体认识,了解故事的时间、地点、文章有一个整体认识,了解故事的时间、地点、人物等之间的关系,为下一步填空打下坚实的基人物等之间的关系,为下一步填空打下坚实的基础,切忌看一空填一空。础,切忌看一空填一空。2.2.(Fill in the blanks)(Fill in the blanks)第二遍逐句阅读并填空第二遍逐句阅读并填空,根据句子的语法以及上下文的整体逻辑关系用恰根据句子的语法以及上下文的整体逻
11、辑关系用恰当的词填入空白,特别是有时根据意思可能有多当的词填入空白,特别是有时根据意思可能有多种用法时,应填入恰当的单词并符合英美人的习种用法时,应填入恰当的单词并符合英美人的习惯表达,不要受汉语的影响。惯表达,不要受汉语的影响。3.3.(Check)(Check)第三遍复查答案并抄正第三遍复查答案并抄正。将填空的短文。将填空的短文再完整地阅读一次,以检查全文是否通顺,所填再完整地阅读一次,以检查全文是否通顺,所填答案是否最为合理,形式是否正确等等。答案是否最为合理,形式是否正确等等。用上面解题方法和步骤,再做一模短文填空用上面解题方法和步骤,再做一模短文填空Last winter holid
12、ay Iwas so crary about waching vides on the Internet that I spent to much time on it.”Miriam,why dont you read books?My mother 66_,but I refused.One day my mother said to me,“Miriam,youre 67_ in dancing.I know you learn to dance all by 68_.Each dance needs perfecting moves and you make it.Could you
13、please teach me 69 _to do one of the dances?I agreed and we began to 70 _.Weve been together for hours.At that time I was away 71_ my phone and losing myself in dancing with mother.I felt like she was a dancer and we both wanted get this right.She shared the feelings 72 _filledd with such joy.|reall
14、y felt the deep love from her.The next day,we had a talk.I realized athough a phone provide me with information and connection,long-time use of it is73_for my eyes and even my brain.To proctect my eyes and make sure I can give more attention to my study,I should 74_myself out of the screen.With my m
15、others 75_,I spent more time dancing,reading,and exercising with my family or friends.It is very important for us to learn to contral ourselves.Lets put down our phones and do what we need to do.Last winter holiday Iwas so crary about waching vides on the Internet that I spent to much time on it.”Mi
16、riam,why dont you read books?My mother 66_,but I refused.方法1:句子结构分析填词,句子成分不完整句子成分不完整,缺谓语动词 填入谓语填入谓语动词动词(注意时态、语态,数保持一致注意时态、语态,数保持一致)什么谓语动词?什么谓语动词?+方法方法2:根据上下文语境填词根据上下文语境填词asked.One day my mother said to me,“Miriam,youre 67_ in dancing.I know you learn to dance all by 68_.Each dance needs perfecting m
17、oves and you make it.be_形形/动动ing/过去分词过去分词根据分析缺形容词根据分析缺形容词方法:结合上下文语境填词,她在跳舞方面是好的,喜欢方法:结合上下文语境填词,她在跳舞方面是好的,喜欢的的interestedgood/wellyourself分析结构填词分析结构填词+上下文语境上下文语境+固定搭配固定搭配by+交通工具交通工具 doing(表示通过某方式)(表示通过某方式)翻身代词(表示某人自己)翻身代词(表示某人自己)yourself Could you please teach me 69 _to do one of the dances?I agreed a
18、nd we began to 70 _.Weve been together for hours.方法:句子结构分析方法:句子结构分析Could you please teach me 69 _to do one of the dancesteach sb to do sth(教某人做某事,接双教某人做某事,接双宾宾)主语主语谓语谓语宾语宾语什么都不缺,句子结什么都不缺,句子结构完整,后面又不是构完整,后面又不是句子,填什么?句子,填什么?方法:句子结构成分完整方法:句子结构成分完整修饰修饰词(冠词、形容词性物主代词、词(冠词、形容词性物主代词、形容词形容词和副词)和副词)p156:疑问副词疑
19、问副词+to doAt that time I was away 71_ my phone and losing myself in dancing with mother.I felt like she was a dancer and we both wanted get this right.She shared the feelings 72 _filledd with such joy.|really felt the deep love from her.方法:固定搭配方法:固定搭配 be away from谋物远离谋物谋物远离谋物 =keep away from+谋物谋物方法:句
20、子结构分析填词方法:句子结构分析填词She shared the feelings 72 _filled with such joy.主语主语谓语谓语宾语宾语谓语动谓语动词词宾宾缺主语缺主语又由于是两句子,第二句子缺主语,可以判断是定语从句缺主语又由于是两句子,第二句子缺主语,可以判断是定语从句缺主语(句子(名词)(句子(名词)+引导词引导词+句子)句子)The next day,we had a talk.I realized athough a phone provide me with information and connection,long-time use of it is73
21、_for my eyes and even my brain.To proctect my eyes and make sure I can give more attention to my study,I should 74_myself out of the screen.With my mothers 75_,I spent more time dancing,reading,and exercising with my family or friends.It is very important for us to learn to contral ourselves.Lets pu
22、t down our phones and do what we need to do.73.be_形形/动动ing/过去分词过去分词根据上下文语境分析缺形容词根据上下文语境分析缺形容词什么形容词?什么形容词?好的还是不好的形容词好的还是不好的形容词语境:语境:long-time use phone.对眼镜和大脑不好对眼镜和大脑不好 不好的形容词有:不好的形容词有:bad/hamfulbad74.shoud+动原动原 根据语境和搭配根据语境和搭配 方法:词汇复现法:同义词复方法:词汇复现法:同义词复现现keep/pull75.空格前是名词所有格空格前是名词所有格_+名词名词 方法:上下文语境填
23、词方法:上下文语境填词+固定搭配固定搭配helpPractice makes perfect!2020广东中考:短文填空 Jane is a warm-hearted girl.She is only ten years old,66 she has big ideas of helping other kids.Jane took part in a winter camp 67 the age of eight.During her stay in the camp,she went to visit some kids in poor areas.She felt sad that th
24、e kids there didnt have new clothes to 68 and toys to play with.After she returned home,she kept thinking about 69 to do to help those kids.One morning Jane saw some elder kids selling lemon juice by the street.They wanted to raise 70 to help their friends.Then she came up with an 71 .With the help
25、of her mother,Jane 72 up her first lemonade stand(摊档).In a week,it made$52.Although it was only a 73 money,she helped 12 kids with it!She felt very excited when she saw smiles on 74 faces.After that,her mother helped her start a program called Janes Lemonade for Love.Up till now,she has already raised 75 than$17,000!She is going to spend the money on clothes,toys and books for the poor kids.but atwearwhatmoneyideasetlittletheir moreTry your best!Thanks for listening!