1、1.情态情态动词有一定的动词有一定的意义。意义。2.无无人称和数的人称和数的变化。变化。3.除了除了ought外通常不带外通常不带to,后加动词,后加动词原形。原形。4.表示表示说话人的语气或情绪(请求、警告、命令等说话人的语气或情绪(请求、警告、命令等)。)。情态动词情态动词needwill/wouldcan/couldmay/mightought todareshall/shouldmust/have to一一.can/could1)表示表示能力,说明某人会或有能力做某事。能力,说明某人会或有能力做某事。我会说英语和法语。我会说英语和法语。I can speak English and F
2、rench.他可以自己完成他的作业。他可以自己完成他的作业。He can do it himself.中国人在多年前能战胜任何敌人,现在也一样可以。中国人在多年前能战胜任何敌人,现在也一样可以。Chinese could defeat any enemies years ago,and now we can do it as well.2)表示允诺,许可。表示允诺,许可。妈妈,我可以吃些糖果吗?妈妈,我可以吃些糖果吗?-Can I eat some candies,mom?当然可以。当然可以。-Of course,you can.-Could I eat some candies,mom?-O
3、f course,you can.could表允许,许可时,只是语气的不同。表允许,许可时,只是语气的不同。3)表示表示推测。推测。-Someone is knocking at the door.Who could it be?Could it be Tony?有人在敲门。会是谁呢?可能是有人在敲门。会是谁呢?可能是Tony吧?吧?-No,it cant be him.He is in Beijing now.不,不可能是不,不可能是Tony。他现在在北京呢。他现在在北京呢。(can表推测时,通常都会有一定的依据,常表示表推测时,通常都会有一定的依据,常表示否定意义,为:否定意义,为:不可能
4、不可能。could 表示可能。表示可能。3.Could I call you by your first name?Yes,you .A.will B.could C.may D.mightC4.-The lake is said to be dry.Is that true?It _.Look,some kids are swimming in it.5.Who is the man over there?Is it Mr.Li?No,it _ be him.Mr.Li is much taller.二二.must/have to1、必须,应该。、必须,应该。1.每个人都必须遵守法律。每个人
5、都必须遵守法律。Everybody must obey the law.2.妈妈生病了,我必须要照顾她。妈妈生病了,我必须要照顾她。My mother is ill,and I must look after her.3.雨下得很大,所以我不得不做公交车。雨下得很大,所以我不得不做公交车。It is raining heavily,so I have to take a bus.4.尽管我不喜欢作业,但我还是不得不完成。尽管我不喜欢作业,但我还是不得不完成。I dont like homework,but I have to finish it.must (表示自己主观要做的事,不是被迫要做的
6、表示自己主观要做的事,不是被迫要做的)。have to(表示自己不想做,但出于外界因素被迫要表示自己不想做,但出于外界因素被迫要做的事做的事)。Tom必须现在回家吗?必须现在回家吗?Must Tom go home now?是的,他必须。是的,他必须。Yes,he must.不,他没必要。不,他没必要。No,he neednt.No,he doesnt have to.用用must 提问的一般疑问句,回答方式提问的一般疑问句,回答方式 肯定回答:肯定回答:yes,please/Im afraid so/yes,sb must.否定回答否定回答:neednt/not have tomust的否定
7、意义为:的否定意义为:“禁止,不可以禁止,不可以”have to的否定意义为:的否定意义为:“没必要,不需要没必要,不需要”1.图书馆内图书馆内禁止禁止大声说话。大声说话。People mustnt speak loudly in the library.2.他他没需要没需要说谎的。说谎的。He didnt have to tell lies.must、have to 的区别的区别1.意义不同意义不同2.时态不同时态不同must 常表示现在或将来必须做常表示现在或将来必须做have to可以时任何时态可以时任何时态(根据不同的实际状语根据不同的实际状语)I was ill yesterday,
8、so I _ see a doctor.They _ wait for two hours.The bus hasnt come.had to have had to2、表示推测,意为、表示推测,意为“准是准是”,“一定是一定是”。那是谁的书?那是谁的书?Whose book is that?那一定是那一定是Mary的书。上面写着她的名字。的书。上面写着她的名字。That must be Marys book.There is her name on it.(must表推测时,通常都会有一定的依据,常表示表推测时,通常都会有一定的依据,常表示肯定意义。肯定意义。)1.-Must I do it
9、 now?-No,you _.A.neednt B.dont have to C.mustnt D.A or B2.Its already seven oclock.Jack _ be here.A.must B.need C should D can.3.-When can I come for these photos?I need them tomorrow afternoon.-They _ be ready by 12:00.A.can B.should C.might D.mustDAD4.-Could I take this book out?-No,you _.A.cant B
10、.couldnt C.neednt D.arent5.You _ go and see a doctor at once because youre got a fever.A.can B.must C.dare D.wouldAB6.-Can you speak Japanese?-No,I _.A.mustnt B.cant C.neednt D.may not7.Even the top students in our class cant work out this problem,so it _ be very difficult.A.may B.must C.can D.needB
11、B三、三、may、might1)表示请求或许可。表示请求或许可。我可以进来吗?我可以进来吗?-May/Might I come in?-Yes,you may/can.-No,you cant.关于关于may的一般问句的回答:的一般问句的回答:肯定回答为肯定回答为 “Yes,please./Certainly./Sure.”否定回答为否定回答为 “Please dont./No,you cant/musnt.”2)表示可能性的表示可能性的推测。推测。She has changed so much that you may well not recognize her.Its late.I th
12、ink he may/might have gone to bed.may、might表示推测,往往是没有依据的表示推测,往往是没有依据的不确定不确定的推测的推测。情态动词表推测情态动词表推测1.must表示有依据的肯定推测表示有依据的肯定推测2.may表示无依据的一般推测表示无依据的一般推测3.might表示无依据的一般推测表示无依据的一般推测4.cant表示有依据的否定推测表示有依据的否定推测1.Must表示有依据的肯定推测表示有依据的肯定推测1.Tom 明天肯定回来的,他刚刚告诉我的。明天肯定回来的,他刚刚告诉我的。Tom must come back tomorrow,because
13、he told me about it.2.听,隔壁房间里肯定有人在唱歌。听,隔壁房间里肯定有人在唱歌。Listen,someone must be singing next to the door.3.你看起来很累,昨晚肯定熬夜晚了。你看起来很累,昨晚肯定熬夜晚了。You look very tired.You must have stayed up late.must,may,might,cantdo/bebe doinghave done对现在或将来推测对现在或将来推测对现在正在发生的事推测对现在正在发生的事推测对过去已发生的事推测对过去已发生的事推测【天津天津】Where are yo
14、u going this month?We_ go to Xiamen,but were not sure.A.neednt B.must C.might D.mustnt【四川南充四川南充】Excuse me,whose book is this?It _ be Johns.It has his name on it.A.must B.need C.cant【湖南益阳湖南益阳】The man _be my English teacher.He has gone to Canada.A.might B.must C.cantCAC【福建泉州福建泉州】Have you decided where
15、 to go for your summer vacation?Not yet.We _go to Qingdao.Its a good place for vacation.A.may B.need C.must【山东潍坊山东潍坊】You mustnt go off on your own,because you _get lost in the mountains.A.should B.must C.need D.might【湖南株洲湖南株洲】-Oh,its raining hard.-Be careful!The road _be wet.A.could B.must C.mightAD
16、B【甘肃兰州甘肃兰州】Look at the boy playing basketball on the ground.Is it George?It _ be him.He told me he would play basketball after class,but hes not sure.A.mustnt B.must C.cant D.may【湖北宜昌湖北宜昌】Difficulties always go with me!Cheer up!If God closes a door in front of you,there _ be a window opened for you.
17、A.would B.must D.could D.can DB四、四、will和和would表示请求、建议等,用于第二人称表示请求、建议等,用于第二人称(用(用would比比will委婉)委婉)1.Will you please take a message for him?2.Would you please tell me your telephone number?3.Would you like to have lunch with me?4.Will you leave for Beijing tomorrow?shall 用法用法 1.表征求意见,用于一、三人称表征求意见,用于一、
18、三人称,(疑问句),(疑问句)Shall we go by train,Mom?Shall he attend the meeting?五、五、shall和和should should 用法用法1.应该应该=ought to(劝告、建议)(劝告、建议)You should study hard.You should read his new book.2.用于第一人称,询问意愿,语气温和委婉用于第一人称,询问意愿,语气温和委婉 Should I trust him?What should I do now?六、六、needneed 表示表示“必要,需要必要,需要”,后跟动词原形,常用,后跟动词
19、原形,常用于否定句或疑问句。于否定句或疑问句。I need not leave now.They neednt try again.Need we finiah it by Sunday?Need Tom give out these books?need表示表示“必要,需要必要,需要”,后跟不定式,名词等,后跟不定式,名词等,此时此时need为实意动词。为实意动词。What do you need?I need some help.We need to make a new plan.Do I need to go at noce?七、七、daredare 表示表示“敢于,胆敢敢于,胆敢”,后跟动词原形,常用,后跟动词原形,常用于否定句或疑问句。于否定句或疑问句。I dare not come to see you.They darent try again.Dare you fight with me?Dare Tom accept the challenge?dare 表示表示“敢于,胆敢敢于,胆敢”,后跟动词不定式,后跟动词不定式(to do),此时此时dare为实意动词。为实意动词。We dared to say no.We didnt dare to tell him the truth.Who dares to finish the task himself?