1、常考的动词时态和语态常考的动词时态和语态一般现在时一般现在时do/doesbe(am/is/are)+done一般过去时一般过去时didwas/were+done一般将来时一般将来时will/shall+dowill be done过去将来时过去将来时would+dowould be done现在进行时现在进行时am/is/are+doingam/is/are+being+done过去进行时过去进行时was/were+doingwas/were+being+done现在完成时现在完成时have/has+donehave/has been done过去完成时过去完成时had+donehad be
2、en done将来完成时将来完成时will have donewill have been done现在现在/过去完成进行时过去完成进行时 Has/have been doing Had been doing1、一般现在时、一般现在时 be(am/is/are)do/does用法：用法：1）表示经常或习惯性的动作，句子中常有）表示经常或习惯性的动作，句子中常有often,always,usually,sometimes,never,every day等时间状语等时间状语 He usually goes to work at 7 oclock every morning.2)表示客观真理、格言、
3、谚语表示客观真理、格言、谚语 The earth moves around the sun.Practice makes perfect.3）在时间和条件状语从句中，代替一般将来时）在时间和条件状语从句中，代替一般将来时时间：时间：when,until,after,before,as soon as,once条件：条件：if,unless，as long asIf he accepts the job,he will get more money soon.第三人称单数动词词尾的变化有几种形第三人称单数动词词尾的变化有几种形式：式：1.一般情况一般情况 加加-s reads,says,take
4、s 2.以以ch,sh,s,x,或或o结尾的词结尾的词 加加-es teaches,washes,goes,misses,mixes 3.以辅音字母加以辅音字母加y结尾的词结尾的词 变变y为为i再加再加-es studies,cries,carries y前若为元音则直接加前若为元音则直接加s:buys says 1.I usually _ to school by bus.(go)2.It seldom snows here,but often _.(rain)3.Ice _cold.(feel)4.The sun _in the east and sets in the west.(ris
5、e)5.The geography teacher told us the earth _ around the sun.(move)6.I will not go to the party unless I _invited.(be)7.The shop _ at 11:00 pm every day.(close)2.一般过去时（动词用过去式）一般过去时（动词用过去式）1)表在过去某个特定时间发生且完成的动作，或过表在过去某个特定时间发生且完成的动作，或过去习惯性动作，动作发生在过去去习惯性动作，动作发生在过去结束在过去不强调结束在过去不强调对现在的影响对现在的影响.常跟明确的过去时间连用
6、，如：常跟明确的过去时间连用，如：yesterday;last week;in 1945,at that time;once;during the war;before;a few days ago;the other day2)用于从句中用于从句中He promised to buy me a computer if he got a raise When I was a child,I often played football in the street.1、一般情况下，动词词尾加、一般情况下，动词词尾加-ed，如：，如：work-worked play-played wanted-wa
7、nted act-acted 2、以不发音的、以不发音的-e 结尾动词，动词词尾加结尾动词，动词词尾加-d，如：，如：live-lived move-moved taste-tasted hope-hoped 3、以辅音字母、以辅音字母+y结尾的动词，把结尾的动词，把-y变为变为-i 再加再加-ed，如：，如：study-studied copy-copied cry-cried carry-carried 4、以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词，双写词尾辅音、以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词，双写词尾辅音字母，再加字母，再加-ed，如：，如：stop-stopped 5、不规则动词的过去式
8、变化规律性不强，须多加记忆。、不规则动词的过去式变化规律性不强，须多加记忆。go went make made get got buy-bought come-came fly-flew 动词过去式的变化规则动词过去式的变化规则1.When I was a child,I often _(play)football in the street.2.I _(meet)Tom in the street yesterday3.The fire _(break out)last night.4.He _(move)to Beijing 2 years ago and since then he _(
9、live)there.5.My father often _(drive)to work last year 1.I _(have)an exciting party last weekend.2._ she _(practice)her guitar yesterday?No,she _.3.What _ Tom _(do)on Saturday evening?He _(watch)TV and _(read)an interesting book.4.They all _(go)to the mountains yesterday morning.5.She _(not visit)he
10、r aunt last weekend.She _(stay)at home and _(do)some cleaning 3.一般将来时一般将来时(will/shall+do)表示未来的动作或状态表示未来的动作或状态,常与表示将来的时间状语连用。如：常与表示将来的时间状语连用。如：tomorrow,next week等等shall用于第一人称，常被用于第一人称，常被will 所代替。所代替。I ll sell my car and buy a push bike.2)be going to do，表示将来。，表示将来。a.主语的意图，即将做某事或打算做某事。主语的意图，即将做某事或打算做某事
11、。What are you going to do tomorrow?b.计划，安排要发生的事。计划，安排要发生的事。The play is going to be produced next month.c.有迹象要发生的事有迹象要发生的事Look at the dark clouds;there is going to be a storm.3)be+不定式表将来，按计划或正式安排将发生的事。不定式表将来，按计划或正式安排将发生的事。We are to discuss the report next Saturday.4、现在进行时、现在进行时构成：构成：be+V-ing 1)表说话时或目
12、前一段时间内正在进行的活动，常与表说话时或目前一段时间内正在进行的活动，常与 now,at present连用连用 We are having English class now.2)表感情色彩，加强语气。与频率副词，表感情色彩，加强语气。与频率副词，always，constantly，continually，forever,等连用表示说话人等连用表示说话人的某种感情色彩（赞叹、厌烦、埋怨等）。的某种感情色彩（赞叹、厌烦、埋怨等）。She is always finding fault with others.The little boy is always making trouble.3）
13、come,go,arrive,leave,stay,start等常用现在进行等常用现在进行时表示将来时。如：时表示将来时。如：Were leaving on Friday.我们周五动身我们周五动身动词动词ing的变化规则：的变化规则：.一般情况直接一般情况直接ing 例例:sweep-sweeping read-reading.以不发音结尾的去以不发音结尾的去ing 例：例：take-taking make-making have-having ride-riding 但但see-seeing .重读闭音节一个辅音字母结尾，双写辅音字母重读闭音节一个辅音字母结尾，双写辅音字母ing 例：例：s
14、hop-shopping sit-sitting swim-swimming begin，cut,get,hit,run,set,sit,spit,stop,swim,beg,drop,nod,dig,forget,regret 4.以以ie结尾的动词，把结尾的动词，把ie改为改为y，再加，再加ingdie-dying lie-lying tie-tying1.Many children (swim)in the river.Cant you see?2.Lindas brother (watch)TV in his bedroom now.3.Scientists _(study)the l
15、ife of the milu deer at present.4.Listen！She _(sing)an English song.5.These days we _(help)the farmers work on the farm.5.过去进行时（过去进行时（was/were+doing)1）表示过去某一时刻或某段时间内正在发生的动作。常）表示过去某一时刻或某段时间内正在发生的动作。常见时间状语：见时间状语：at that time/moment,at this time yesterday或或when 从句从句The boy was doing his homework when h
16、is father came back from work.What were you doing at nine last night?2)进行时与进行时与 always,forever,constantly 等连用，表示等连用，表示讲话人对某一现象的看法。常表示批评讲话人对某一现象的看法。常表示批评,赞扬赞扬,埋怨等情绪。埋怨等情绪。（1）Tom was always thinking of others.（2）Toms fathers car was always breaking down.6.现在完成时现在完成时构成：构成：have/has+done用法：用法：1)从过去开始持续到现
17、在已经完成的动作或状态，从过去开始持续到现在已经完成的动作或状态，常见的时间标志：常见的时间标志：so far,recently,lately,since+过去时间过去时间点点,up to now,in the past(last)few years,never,before,ever We have studied here since 2003.我们自我们自2003年来就在这年来就在这儿读书了儿读书了2)句型中句型中That/It is the first/second/last time that.It is the second time that the boy has told a
18、 lie.This is the most interesting book that I have read.7.过去完成时过去完成时过去完成时主要用来表示过去完成时主要用来表示“过去的过去过去的过去”，即在过去某一，即在过去某一时间或动作之前所发生的动作。时间或动作之前所发生的动作。1)过去完成时表示在过去某一时间以前或某一动作以前过去完成时表示在过去某一时间以前或某一动作以前已经完成了的动作。常用的时间状语有：已经完成了的动作。常用的时间状语有：1.By/before+过去的时间点过去的时间点 By the end of last term,we had learned 5000 new
19、 words.2.By the time sb.+动词过去式动词过去式 如：如：The bus had already left by the time I got there.（2）动词）动词think,want,hope,mean,plan,intend等用等用过去完成时来表示过去未曾实现的想法，希望，打算或过去完成时来表示过去未曾实现的想法，希望，打算或意图等。意图等。e.g：They had wanted to help but could not get there in time.他们本来打算去帮忙，但没有及时赶到那他们本来打算去帮忙，但没有及时赶到那里。里。We had hope
20、d to be able to come and see you.我们本来希望能来看看你。我们本来希望能来看看你。1.She said that she _(see)the film before.2.We _(hope)that you would come,but you didnt.3.They _(arrive)at the station by ten yesterday.4.They _(arrive）at the station at ten yesterday.5.By the time he was twelve,Edison _(begin)to make a living
21、 by himself 6.It was the third time that he _(be)out of work that year 8.现在完成进行时现在完成进行时 构成：构成：have/has been+V-ing 形式形式现在完成进行时的基本用法：现在完成进行时的基本用法：(1)表示从现在往前的一段时间里一直在进行的动作，这表示从现在往前的一段时间里一直在进行的动作，这动作可能在进行，也可能停止了一会儿。如：动作可能在进行，也可能停止了一会儿。如：Ive been sitting here all afternoon.unday(我在这儿坐了一下午了。我在这儿坐了一下午了。可能还
22、在坐着可能还在坐着)(2)表示现在以前的这段时间反复发生的事情。如：表示现在以前的这段时间反复发生的事情。如：Weve been seeing quite a lot of each other recently.即时练习1.Ill give the book to him as soon as he _(come)back.2.By the end of next July this building _ (complete).3.Shelly _(leave)California for Texas in 1996 and _(work)there ever since.4.SARS _(
23、break)out in Hong Kong in the winter of 2002.5.Would you like to tell me what our teacher said just now?She said that light _(travel)faster than sound.6.By this time tomorrow we _(repair)the machine 7.Is this the third time that you _(be)late?8.Now that she is out of job,Lucy _(consider)going back t
24、o school,but she hasnt decided yet.9.A class meeting _(hold)next week.10.The price of petrol _(rise)sharply since last month.11.This is the first time I _(watch)such an exciting game.1.He_ swimming in the river every day in summer.(go)2.It_you are right.(seem)3.Look,the children_ basketball on the p
25、layground.(play)4.He_to the radio when I came in,(listen)5.He said that he_back in five minutes.(come)6.I_my bike,so I have to walk to school.(lose)1.He_down and began to read his newspaper.(sit)2.We_good friends since we met at school.(be)3.When_you _the car?”“In 1998.”(buy)4.By the end of last yea
26、r he _（learn)about 1500 English words.(一一)英语中有两种语态英语中有两种语态:主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。如承受者。如They will build a new bridge over the river.(主动主动)A new bridge will be built over the river.(被动被动)汉语中常用汉语中常用“被被”、“给给”、“由由”、“受受”等词用来表示被等词用来表示被动动而英语用而英语用:助动词助
27、动词be+及物动词的过去分词构成。及物动词的过去分词构成。被动语态的时态、人称和数的变化主要体现在被动语态的时态、人称和数的变化主要体现在be的变的变化上化上其形式与系动词其形式与系动词be的变化形式完全一样。的变化形式完全一样。被动语态的时态、人称和数的变化被动语态的时态、人称和数的变化主要体现在主要体现在be的变化上，其形式与系动词的变化上，其形式与系动词be的变的变化形式完全一样。化形式完全一样。一般现在时一般现在时 am/is/are+done 一般过去时一般过去时 was/were+done一般将来时一般将来时 shall/will+be done 过去将来时过去将来时 should
28、/would+be done现在进行时现在进行时 am/is/are+being+done过去进行时过去进行时 was/were+being+done现在完成时现在完成时 have/has+been+done过去完成时过去完成时 had+been+done注注被动语态没有将来进行时和过去将来进行时。被动语态没有将来进行时和过去将来进行时。各种时态的被动语态举例各种时态的被动语态举例1.一般现在时的被动语态一般现在时的被动语态.am/is/are+doneOur classroom is cleaned every day.Computers are widely used now.2.一般过去
29、式的被动语态一般过去式的被动语态:was/were+doneThe station was built in 1928.3.一般将来时的被动语态一般将来时的被动语态:(A)will/shall+be+done(B)am/is/are+going to be+doneSome new factories will be built in our city this year.Your watch is going to be mended in an hour.4.现在进行时的被动语态现在进行时的被动语态:am/is/are+being+doneA new factory is being bu
30、ilt in our city now.Some trees are being cut down in the park.5.过去进行时的被动语态过去进行时的被动语态:was/were+being+doneA new factory was being built in our city at that time.Some babies were being looked after by Miss Chen last year.6.过去将来时的被动语态过去将来时的被动语态:(1)would/should+be+done(2)was/were+going to be+doneShe said
31、 that some new factories would be built soon in our city.He thought that your watch was going to be mended after an hour.7.现在完成时的被动语态现在完成时的被动语态:have/has+been+doneSome new factories have been built in the city since last year.Your watch has been mended already.8、过去完成时的被动语态、过去完成时的被动语态:had+been+doneHe
32、said that some new factories had been built in the city.I didnt know that my watch had been mended.9、含情态动词的被动式：、含情态动词的被动式：can/may/must+be+done例如：例如：He can not be found.You must hand in your compositions after class.Your compositions must be handed in after class.1.People speak English in many countr
33、ies.2.We built this bridge last year3.Xiao Liu has invited Tom to a lunch party4.You must not take these magazines out of the reading-room变被动态变被动态5.People grow rice in the south of the country.6.The school doesnt allow us to enter the chemistry lab without a teacher.7.We should clean the classroom e
34、very day8.We will hold a meeting next week.9.The manager said they would complete the project by the end of the year10.This time last year we were planting trees here.11.Someone has told me the sports meeting might be put off.12.When I got to the theatre,I found they had already sold out the tickets
35、.13.The whole country was very sad at the news of his death;People had considered him to be a great leader.14.Someone saw a stranger walk into the building 15.They are decorating the restaurant.16.They will open a new supermarket there soon.17.The reporters asked the president some questions1.If I _
36、(give)five minutes,Ill get everything ready.2.Liu Xiang _(advise)by his coach to train regularly.3.A new school _(build)in my hometown next year 4.Something must _(do)to stop the factory from pouring waste water into the rivers5.This book has _(翻译翻译)into many foreign languages.6.A new film is going
37、to _(show)this SundayIt is said that+从句及其他类似句型从句及其他类似句型一些表示一些表示“据说据说”或或“相信相信”的动词如的动词如believe,consider,expect,report,say,suppose,think等可以用于句型等可以用于句型“Itbe过去分词过去分词that从句从句”或或“主语主语be过去分词过去分词to do sth.”。It is said that 据说据说,It is reported that据报道，据报道，It is believed that大家相信，大家相信，It is hoped that大家希望，大家希望
38、，It is well known that众所周知，众所周知，It is thought that大家认为，大家认为，It is suggested that据建议据建议不及物动词或词组不及物动词或词组1.一些不及物动词短语没有被动语态一些不及物动词短语没有被动语态如如take place,break out,belong to,lose heart,consist of,add up to等。等。如如The fire broke out in the capital building.误误The fire was broke out in the capital building.2.不及
39、物动词没有被动语态不及物动词没有被动语态如如rise,happen,succeed,remain,lie等。等。When we got to the top of the mountain,the sun had already risen.误误The sun had already been risen.After the earthquake,few houses remained.误误After the earthquake,few houses were remained.用被动语态翻译以下句子（做翻译时，首先要看用什用被动语态翻译以下句子（做翻译时，首先要看用什么句型和结构，再看用什
40、么谓语动词，然后看用什么么句型和结构，再看用什么谓语动词，然后看用什么时态。这些是汉译英的关键。）时态。这些是汉译英的关键。）1.没有人强迫你去做那项工作。没有人强迫你去做那项工作。You are not forced/compelled to do the work.2.那棵大树被风刮倒了。那棵大树被风刮倒了。That big tree was blown down by the wind.3.这篇文章是汤姆写的吗？这篇文章是汤姆写的吗？Was the article written by Tom?4.我们学校正在修建一个新的化学实验室。我们学校正在修建一个新的化学实验室。5.据报道，一两天内有大雨。据报道，一两天内有大雨。It is reported that there will be a heavy rain in a day or two6.他父亲被派到南京出差去了。他父亲被派到南京出差去了。His father has been sent to Nanjing on business.
