1、 Whether or not you can succeed in reading comprehension mostly depends on whether you can succeed in inference!得推理判断者得阅读理解！得推理判断者得阅读理解！logical inferring(逻辑推理逻辑推理)Period 1 Learning objectives:1.Learn about the characteristics and types of inference(推理判断的特点和类型）推理判断的特点和类型）2.Learn how to work out the f
2、our types of inference (一）一）-（四（四)Step 1:Lets decode the characteristics and types 解密解密命题特点及类型命题特点及类型 命题特点命题特点 不能直接不能直接在原文中在原文中找到答案找到答案 需要透过文章表层信息，通过需要透过文章表层信息，通过基于原文基于原文逻辑推理逻辑推理获得获得深层理解深层理解Can we find the answer directly from the passage?常见题干常见题干(types of inference)1.From the passage,we can infer t
3、hat./We can infer that.We can learn/know from the passage/last paragraph that.2.From the passage,the man is_.3.The material is probably from/.is probably._4.The writer starts the passage by_5.How did the writers feelings change in the story？6.The passage is written in a/an_ tone(语气语气)7.The main purp
4、ose of the text is to_.The writer uses the example of.to show that.8.Which of the following can be put in _ in Paragraph 3？What do you think happened later according to the story?9.Who is the text written for?/We can guess the writer may be a _.隐含意义推断隐含意义推断人物性格推断人物性格推断文章来源、体裁推断文章来源、体裁推断开篇方式推断开篇方式推断情
5、感变化推断情感变化推断写作语气推断写作语气推断写作意图推断写作意图推断行文逻辑推断行文逻辑推断写作对象、作者身份推断写作对象、作者身份推断正确选项特点正确选项特点(the correct option)1.含义比较丰富，具有一定的含义比较丰富，具有一定的综合性和概括性综合性和概括性；2.不会太绝对不会太绝对的词汇，如往往不会出现的词汇，如往往不会出现all/only/every/nobody/never等词；等词；干扰选项干扰选项(wrong options)特点特点原文事实原文事实（无推断）（无推断）错误信息错误信息（片面推断、不正确推断、推断过度）（片面推断、不正确推断、推断过度）主观臆断
6、主观臆断（未合乎原文逻辑、作者观点态度）（未合乎原文逻辑、作者观点态度）We should not only learn about the types of inference according to the key words but also choose right skills.Step 2.Lets decode how to work them out.(解密解题步骤与策略）解密解题步骤与策略）“四步解题法四步解题法”抓题干与选项（关键词）找定位 推逻辑 做判断隐含意义推断隐含意义推断Passage 1(2020重庆A卷)“One thing is clear，”Scassel
7、lati says,“Robots can provide care for the customers and the need for that will increase in the future.”()According to Scassellati,we can infer that Nejats robots _A.will have feelings soon B.can take the place of humansC.should be produced more D.wont give their own opinionsC 抓题干找定位 推逻辑 做判断Tip:基于原文
8、，逻辑推理出言外之意基于原文，逻辑推理出言外之意主观臆断主观臆断错误信息错误信息无关原文无关原文Passage 2(2020重庆B卷)Facial detection technology is also placed inside some large advertising boards.Cameras in those boards can detect information like peoples ages and five levels of feelingsfrom very happy to very unhappy.Supporters of the technology
9、say it could improve buyers experience by showing products they might like or by offering them products at lower prices Some are against the idea of using such systems.Pam Dixon,the head of a privacy(隐私)group,is one of them.She thinks _.For example,a business could raise the price of a product accor
10、ding to a persons age and feelings.However,one store testing the technology explained they wouldnt store peoples information like names or ages.And the advertising board system maker said it didnt keep any personal information or record any videos.()We can infer from the passage that facial detectio
11、n technology _.A.can detect buyers names and record them B.is put inside some large advertising boards C.may be used to sell cheaper goods in all stores D.may need some time before being widely used错误信息错误信息原文事实原文事实错误信息错误信息D()The passage is probably from_.A.a history book B.a science magazine C.a sto
12、rybook D.a travel guide B文章体裁推断文章体裁推断()The material above is probably _.A.news B.a poem C.a notice D.a diary C()The material above is probably _.A.news B.a report C.a novel D.a diary D A Chinese spacecraft(航天器航天器)successfully landed on the surface of Mars on May 15th,2021,marking a historic accompli
13、shment(成就成就)in Chinas space endeavors(努力努力)and making it the second country in the world to achieve the feat(功绩功绩/壮举壮举).President Xi Jinping sent a letter soon after the successful landing was announced at the Beijing Aerospace Control Center,extending congratulations and greetings to all those invo
14、lved in the landmark mission.The letter read that the Tianwen 1 mission has left the nations first mark on the Red Planet and is another landmark achievement in the development of Chinas space industry.Thanks to your courage in the face of challenges and pursuit(追求追求)of excellence,China is now among
15、 the leading countries in planetary(行星行星)exploration,Xi said in the message.The country and people will always remember your outstanding achievements.新闻六要素：新闻六要素：5W+1H(when,where,what,who,why,how)文章体裁推断文章体裁推断()The material above is probably _.A.news B.a science fiction C.a notice D.a diary AHow do y
16、ou feel about the news?Be proud of our countryLook up to the heroes who made great efforts for the mission(使命使命)Thanks to your courage in the face of challenges and pursuit(追求追求)of excellence,China is now among the leading countries in planetary(行星行星)exploration,Xi said in the message.The country an
17、d people will always remember your outstanding achievements.I hope you can also be like them,full of courage in the face of challenges and pursuit of excellence!The stronger you are,the more powerful our country will be!Please finish passage 3 and 4 with the four steps.文章来源文章来源/体裁推断体裁推断Tip:关注文章的内容，用
18、词，格式，文体特征。关注文章的内容，用词，格式，文体特征。抓题干找定位 推逻辑 做判断文章来源推断文章来源推断Passage 3(2020重庆A卷)Jiqing Street in Wuhan is a good place to try local food and experience the everyday life of local people.In the evening,hundreds of streetside stalls(摊位)come out on the street and provide popular snacks and local food at low
19、prices.With the street becoming busy,the city began to breathe again.()The material is probably from _A.a travel website B.a history book C.a science magazine D.a dictionaryAPassage 4(2020重庆B卷)Characters:a judge(法官)Mike(a painter)Peter(a cook）Setting:a courtroom（法庭）A judge is sitting behind a desk.M
20、ike and Peter are standing in front of her.Peter:Your honor.This man lives in a room above my restaurant.I heard him telling a friend that he was stealing from me.Mike:Smells,your honor!I just take the smells of the food coming up from the restaurant.Judge:(Looking at Mike)What do you do with the sm
21、ells?Mike:The smells help me imagine that I am eating a fine dinner.Judge:(To Peter)And how much do you want for these smells,sir?Peter:The 5 coins he always carries.Mike:But my mother gave me the coins to save me when in need.Judge:(To Mike)Drop the coins onto the table,one at a time.(Mike drops th
22、e coins.)Case dismissed（结案）.Peter:What do you mean?I didnt get paid!Judge:You want the SMELLS paid.Mike has now paid you in SOUNDSthe sounds of the coins.()The material above is probably _.A.a play B.a poem C.a notice D.a diary 文章体裁推断文章体裁推断ARead passage 4 again and answer:1.What happened to Mike and
23、 Peter?2.How does the judge deal with it?Deep thinking(半开放试题）半开放试题）Tip:注意定位原文，提炼关键词，重组归纳注意定位原文，提炼关键词，重组归纳。Passage 4(2020重庆B卷)Characters:a judge(法官)Mike(a painter)Peter(a cook）Setting:a courtroom（法庭）A judge is sitting behind a desk.Mike and Peter are standing in front of her.Peter:Your honor.This man
24、 lives in a room above my restaurant.I heard him telling a friend that he was stealing from me.Mike:Smells,your honor!I just take the smells of the food coming up from the restaurant.Judge:(Looking at Mike)What do you do with the smells?Mike:The smells help me imagine that I am eating a fine dinner.
25、Judge:(To Peter)And how much do you want for these smells,sir?Peter:The 5 coins he always carries.Mike:But my mother gave me the coins to save me when in need.Judge:(To Mike)Drop the coins onto the table,one at a time.(Mike drops the coins.)Case dismissed（结案）.Peter:What do you mean?I didnt get paid!
26、Judge:You want the SMELLS paid.Mike has now paid you in SOUNDSthe sounds of the coins.What happened to Mike and Peter?Peter asks Mike to pay 5 coins for the smell.How does the judge deal with it?He asks Mike to drop the coins in order to pay Peter in their sounds.人物性格推断人物性格推断()From the material,we c
27、an see that the judge is _.A.poor B.rich C.stupid D.wise D Tip:注意注意人物人物的行为与语言，的行为与语言，把握字里行间的意思。把握字里行间的意思。人物性格推断人物性格推断Passage 5 (2020湖北黄冈)The nurse,who had just arrived to work,heard about the situation and made a decision.She took off her gold ring,took it to the cashiers desk(收银台)and said she would
28、 use it to pay for the patients bill.Although the ring was the only piece of valuable gift her parents gave her,the nurse gave it away to save the patient.Thanks to her help,the patient was at once transferred to another hospital and his life was saved.Though the patient was a stranger,the nurse gav
29、e so much to him.()What do you think of the nurse in the passage?A.Kind and helpful.B.Hardworking and brave.C.Clever and active.D.Outgoing and careful.A The writer wrote the passage to_.praise what the nurse did 抓题干找定位 推逻辑 做判断Passage 6(2020 苏州)()The material above is probably _.A.a report B.an adver
30、tisement(广告广告)C.a piece of news D.a novel ()The main purpose of the advertisement is to_.A.encourage people to go and eat at the marketB.tell people the features of delicious Asian foodC.ask people to choose the food pictures they likeD.introduce some supporting companies to people A（四）作者意图观点推断（四）作者
31、意图观点推断 Tip:结合文章的主旨结合文章的主旨（注意主题句）（注意主题句）和文体和文体推断推断。Dreaming of some fantastic family entertainment(娱乐，消遣，娱乐，消遣，款待）？款待）？The Night Noodle Markets could be just you and your family are looking for.写作意图推断写作意图推断 Passage 7(2019重庆B卷)When“A Youthful Asia”came out at the Asian Culture Carnival(嘉年华)，tears fill
32、ed my eyes.Its Zhang Yixing,the singer and dancer standing there for us young people in China,and the very one who stopped me from falling.I might have tried,but not as hard as he did.So I told myself I would also make a difference if I could hold on for a longer time.“Its colorless.I dont know what
33、 color effort is.”But effort pays.()The writer mainly wants to tell us that_.A.sometimes people choose to live a life without color B.we can make a difference if we work hard enoughC.great effort can make you a great singer and dancerD.school life can be full of colors if we read more booksB 抓题干找定位
34、推逻辑 做判断写作语气写作语气/作者情感态度推断作者情感态度推断Passage 8Why isnt your newspaper reporting any good news?All I read is murder,bribery(行贿)，and death.Frankly,Im sick of all the bad news.()The passage is written in a/an _ tone.A.sad B.angry C.serious D.happyBhappypleasedsatisfiedangrysadhopefulthankfulexcitedserious常见
35、的表达语气的词：常见的表达语气的词：写作语气写作语气/作者情感态度推断作者情感态度推断Passage 9(2020重庆重庆A卷卷).Last night I was alone at home.When I was watching a funny movie,I suddenly started laughing and couldnt stop myself.At first,I was feeling good.But after about 5 minutes,I came to know I wasnt going to stop at all.I began to feel a l
36、ittle worried.Suddenly I woke up.Thank God!I just had a dream.()How did the writers feelings change in the story?A.relaxedangrygood B.goodexcitedworriedC.goodworriedrelaxed D.worriedgoodangryC Tip:注意表达情感、态度和观点的词语，尤其是形容词。注意表达情感、态度和观点的词语，尤其是形容词。写作对象、作者身份推断写作对象、作者身份推断 Passage 10(2020 河南)You also might
37、have heard that sleepwalkers can get frightened if you wake them up.Thats true,so what do you do if you see someone sleepwalking?You should call for a grownup who can lead the person back to bed.And once the sleepwalker is tucked(掖好被子)back in bed,its time for you to get some sleep,too!()Who is the t
38、ext written for?A.Teachers B.Doctors C.Parents D.ChildrenD开篇方式推断开篇方式推断 Paragraph 11(2020重庆重庆A卷卷)When Goldie Nejat began developing robots in 2005,she spent much of her time knocking on doors to let people know how her robots worked but few showed interest.“But now,its different，”says Nejat.“People c
39、alling from around the world ask when my robots are going to be ready.”Nejats robots are designed to fill an increasing need:caregiving for the old.The population of the people over age 80 will be 426 million in 2050,three times larger than that now.()The writer starts the passage by _.A.telling two
40、 stories B.comparing two facts C.raising a question D.giving an exampleB行文逻辑推断行文逻辑推断Passage 11Supporters of the technology say it could improve buyers experience by showing products they might like or by offering them products at lower prices.Some are against the idea of using such systems.Pam Dixon
41、,the head of a privacy(隐私)group,is one of them.She thinks_.For example,a business could raise the price of a product according to a persons age and feelings.()Which of the following sentences can be put in the_？A.nobody likes to have their feelings collectedB.it is very important to protect peoples
42、privacyC.the strange actions may cause something unfairD.businesses may use them to have more customersC句子还原句子还原 Tip:根据上下文语境逻辑推理。根据上下文语境逻辑推理。Passage 12(2020 河北)Miss Mills said.Dan did win!His next step is to rap on National Rap Star on TV.We can all give Dan a big hand.The class clapped and cheered
43、for Dan.Miss Mills smiled.Miss mills and his classmates were excited,but Dan threw himself onto his chair,silent.Dan could not rap on TV.In class,Dan could not do his physics.He could not think.Dan was not a kid who got nervous a lot,but he did not wish to rap on TV.Could he be lucky again?Anyway,wh
44、o wanted to lose?Dan thought perhaps he would not attend the national competition.Then he would not have to rap on TV.Dans friends sensed something was going on his mind.They planned to give him some help.When Dan got to class the next day,he saw a sign on the wall.It said,Dan,just rap like in our c
45、lassroom!”Dan smiled.“Perhaps its not that hard to rap on TV,”he thought.()What do you think happened later according to the story?A.Dan hated his friends for their push.B.Dan forgot what he should rap on TV,C.Dan attended the national competition.D.Dan stopped rapping after the competition.C结局预测推断结
46、局预测推断 Tip:根据上文语境逻辑推理。根据上文语境逻辑推理。隐含隐含意义意义 基于原基于原文，逻文，逻辑推理辑推理出言外出言外之意之意来源来源体裁体裁 内内容，容，用词用词行文行文风格风格人物人物性格性格人物人物行为行为与语与语言言写作写作意图意图文章文章的主的主旨和旨和文体文体summary（Inference 1）“Use it,or lose it”typesskillsStep 3.Lets put the skills into good use.()1.What helped people know about Jacks plan?A.Beautiful towers.B.C
47、olorful posters.C.A town building.D.A sandcastle day.()2.When learning about Jacks plan,Frank was _.A.doubtful B.interested C.satisfied D.nervous()3.What can we know about Jacks idea?A.It came from picture.B.It needed 30 peoples support.C.It proved Frank right.D.It did work well.()4.Which of the following best describes Jack?A.Honest.B.Creative C.Outgoing.D.Caring.综合运用综合运用(二二)(2020福建福建)BADB 抓题干找定位 推逻辑 做判断As for inference,here is only one truth-Only by putting ourselves in the writers shoes and thinking a little further,can we make it“a piece of cake”.综合运用综合运用(一一)(2020 南京南京)A C D A
