1、犍为县罗城初级中学教学课件犍为县罗城初级中学教学课件V3.0 制作人制作人:张平张平Module 2EducationUnit 3Language in use.Making a leaflet about your school.Language practice1.I took them myself.2.So ours is a bit bigger.3.Everyone is wearing a jacket and tie!4.We go to school every weekday from 8:45 am to 3:15 pm.5.We have a large sports
2、ground for football and tennis,where we can play both during and after school hours.Module 2 Unit 3代词代词代词的种类代词的种类:1.人称代词人称代词:2.指示代词指示代词:3.物主代词物主代词:Module 2 Unit 3主格主格:I,you,she,he,it,we,they宾格宾格:me,you,her,him,it,us,themthis,that,these,those形容词性形容词性:my,your,his,her,its,our,their名词性名词性:mine,yours,his
3、,hers,its,ours,theirs 4.反身代词反身代词:5.疑问代词疑问代词:6.不定代词不定代词:Module 2 Unit 3myself,yourself,himselfwhat,which,who,whosesome,any,both,either,all,none,each,every,(a)few,(a)little somebody,anybody,everyone,something,nothing等等一、人称代词一、人称代词1.人称代词的人称、数和格人称代词的人称、数和格,如下表所示如下表所示:Module 2 Unit 3 数数 格格人称人称单数单数复数复数主格主
4、格宾格宾格主格主格宾格宾格第一人称第一人称第二人称第二人称第三人称第三人称youyouyouyouuswemeI themtheyhim her itheshe it2.人称代词的用法人称代词的用法.2.1.e.g.:(1)They told us to get ready at once.(2)Who is it?Its me.(3)He bought very nice birthday presents for you and me.人称代词在句中作主语时用主格形式人称代词在句中作主语时用主格形式,作宾语和作宾语和表语时一般用宾格形式表语时一般用宾格形式.2.2.e.g.:Who wan
5、ts a ride on my bike?Me!/Not me!宾格代词宾格代词(特别是特别是me)可以作主语可以作主语.主格代词一般主格代词一般不单独使用不单独使用,也不用于带也不用于带not的简短回答中的简短回答中,这些情这些情况下往往用宾格代词况下往往用宾格代词.Module 2 Unit 32.3.e.g.:(1)He is older than me.(2)He is older than I am.人称代词在人称代词在than之后与其他人或事物进行比较之后与其他人或事物进行比较时时,用主格和宾格都可以用主格和宾格都可以.Module 2 Unit 33.it 的用法的用法.e.g.
6、:(1)Its a robot.(2)Its raining now,but it will be fine soon.(3)Its 9 oclock.(4)Its 20 miles from here.(5)Its important for us to fight against pollution.(6)It took me half an hour to finish the work.(7)Its kind of you to say so.(8)We think it necessary to relax from time to time.指物指物;指天气指天气;指时间指时间;指
7、距离指距离;作作形式主语形式主语;作形式宾语作形式宾语.Module 2 Unit 34.人称代词的顺序人称代词的顺序:当多个人称代词并用时当多个人称代词并用时,英语中人称代词的排列英语中人称代词的排列顺序与汉语不同顺序与汉语不同.汉语中喜欢说汉语中喜欢说你、我、他你、我、他,而而英语中通常要说英语中通常要说you,he/she and I,复数人称代词复数人称代词的排列顺序是的排列顺序是we,you and they.即即:单数二三一单数二三一,复数一二三复数一二三.Module 2 Unit 3二、指示代词二、指示代词1.指示代词有四个指示代词有四个:this;that;these;tho
8、se2.指示代词在句中可做的成分指示代词在句中可做的成分:e.g.:(1)These are our children.主语主语(2)Tom gave me this.宾语或介词宾语宾语或介词宾语(3)What I want to stress is this.偶尔用作表语偶尔用作表语Module 2 Unit 33.指示代词的用法指示代词的用法:3.1.e.g.:(1)This is a pen and that is a pencil.(2)We are busy these days.(3)In those days the workers had a hard time.(4)What
9、s this(that)?Its a book.(5)What are these(those)?They are books.this和和these一般用来指在时间或空间上较近的一般用来指在时间或空间上较近的事物或人事物或人,that和和those则指时间和空间上较远的事则指时间和空间上较远的事物或人物或人.Module 2 Unit 33.2.e.g.:(1)I had a cold.Thats why I didnt come.(2)What I want to say is this:pronunciation is very important in learning English
10、.有时有时that 和和those 指前面讲到过的事物指前面讲到过的事物,this 和和 these 则是指下面将要讲到的事物则是指下面将要讲到的事物.3.3.e.g.:Television sets made in China are just as good as those made in Japan.有时为了避免重复提到的名词有时为了避免重复提到的名词,常可用常可用that 或或those 代替代替.3.4.e.g.:Hello!This is Mary.Is that Jack speaking?this 在电话用语中代表自己在电话用语中代表自己,that 则代表对方则代表对方.Mo
11、dule 2 Unit 3三、物主代词三、物主代词.物主代词包括形容词性物主代词和名词性物主物主代词包括形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词代词.名词性物主代词从意思上讲相当于名词性物主代词从意思上讲相当于形容词形容词性物主代词性物主代词+名词名词,其作用与名词相同其作用与名词相同.e.g.:(1)This is my book.=This book is mine.(2)His is the newest dictionary in our class.Module 2 Unit 3Module 2 Unit 3 类别类别人称人称单数单数复数复数形容词形容词性物主性物主代词代词名词性名词性物主代
12、物主代词词形容词形容词性物主性物主代词代词名词性名词性物主代物主代词词第一人称第一人称mymineourours第二人称第二人称youryoursyouryours第三人称第三人称hishistheirtheirsherhersitsits四、反身代词四、反身代词.1.反身代词主要有下面这些反身代词主要有下面这些:Module 2 Unit 3单数单数 myselfyourselfhimselfherselfitself复数复数 ourselvesyourselvesthemselves2.反身代词的用法反身代词的用法.2.1.(1)Help yourself to some cakes.(2
13、)I can look at myself in the mirror.(3)May I introduce myself?作宾语作宾语,表明动作的承受者就是主语本身表明动作的承受者就是主语本身.2.2.e.g.:(1)You must do it yourself.(2)You should ask the teacher himself.(3)I myself go to the airport to meet my uncle.作同位语作同位语(加强语气加强语气),可置于主语后可置于主语后,也可放在句末也可放在句末.2.3.e.g.:Take good care of yourself.
14、作介词宾语作介词宾语,构成介词短语构成介词短语.Module 2 Unit 33.常见的含有反身代词的短语常见的含有反身代词的短语:by oneself亲自亲自 call oneself自称自称 lose oneself迷路迷路teach oneself自学自学 enjoy oneself过得快乐过得快乐 help oneself to随便吃随便吃/用用devote oneself to 献身于献身于dress oneself 自己穿衣服自己穿衣服speak to oneself自言自语自言自语Module 2 Unit 3五、疑问代词五、疑问代词1.疑问代词有下面这些疑问代词有下面这些:wh
15、o whom whose what which2.疑问代词的用法疑问代词的用法:e.g.:(1)Who called you right now?(作主语作主语)(2)What is this?(作表语作表语)(3)Whose umbrella is this?(作定语作定语)(4)Whom are you waiting for?(作宾语作宾语)(5)Which is yours?(作主语作主语)(6)Which do you want?(作宾语作宾语)用于特殊疑问句中用于特殊疑问句中,一般放在句首一般放在句首,可以作主语、可以作主语、表语、定语和宾语等表语、定语和宾语等.Module 2
16、Unit 32.1.who 在句中多用作主语或表语在句中多用作主语或表语.2.2.whom 在句中用作宾语或介词的宾语在句中用作宾语或介词的宾语.2.3.whose 表示表示 谁的谁的,可用作定语、主语、表语可用作定语、主语、表语及宾语及宾语.2.4.what 和和 which 都可在句中用作主语、宾语都可在句中用作主语、宾语 或或介词的宾语以及定语介词的宾语以及定语.what 还可用作表语还可用作表语.Module 2 Unit 3六、六、不定代词不定代词1.不定代词分两类不定代词分两类:1.1.普通不定代词普通不定代词 some,any,much,many,each,few,little,
17、one 等等1.2.复合不定代词复合不定代词 someone,anyone,everybody,nobody,anything,something 等等Module 2 Unit 3常用的不定代词常用的不定代词2.some&any2.1.不定代词不定代词 some 和和 any 可以代替名词和形可以代替名词和形 容容词词,可在句中作主语、宾语、定语等可在句中作主语、宾语、定语等.some 常用在肯定句中常用在肯定句中;any常用在否定句常用在否定句 或疑或疑问句中问句中.作定语时作定语时,some 可修饰可数名词可修饰可数名词(单、复单、复数皆可数皆可)和不可数名词和不可数名词;any 可修饰
18、可数可修饰可数 名词名词(多为多为复数复数)和不可数名词和不可数名词.2.2.不定代词不定代词 any有时也可以用在肯定句中有时也可以用在肯定句中,表示表示任何的任何的.Module 2 Unit 33.all&both3.1.相同点相同点:3.1.1.两个词都可以指代人和物两个词都可以指代人和物.3.1.2.两个词都具有名词性质和形容词性质两个词都具有名词性质和形容词性质.3.1.3.两个词在句子中都可以充当主语、宾语两个词在句子中都可以充当主语、宾语、定定语和同位语语和同位语.3.1.4.两个词都可以与两个词都可以与 of 连用连用.3.2.不同点不同点:both 只能指可数名词只能指可数
19、名词,表示两者表示两者.all 既可指可数名词既可指可数名词,又可指不可数名词又可指不可数名词.在指不可在指不可数名词时数名词时,表示三者或三者以上表示三者或三者以上.Module 2 Unit 34.every&each4.1.相同点相同点:4.1.1.两个词都具有形容词性质两个词都具有形容词性质,都可以用作定语都可以用作定语,表示表示每一个每一个.4.1.2.两个词作主语的定语时两个词作主语的定语时,谓语动词都用单数谓语动词都用单数.4.2.不同点不同点:4.2.1.e.g.:(1)each of the children()(2)every of the children()each 除
20、了具有形容词性质之外除了具有形容词性质之外,还具有名词性还具有名词性质质,而而every 没有名词性质没有名词性质,因此因此 each 可以与可以与 of 搭搭配配,而而every不能不能.4.2.2.each 强调个体强调个体,而而every 强调整体强调整体.Module 2 Unit 35.both,either&neither5.1.相同点相同点:5.1.1.三个词都表示两者三个词都表示两者.5.1.2.三个词在句中都可以作主语、宾语和定语三个词在句中都可以作主语、宾语和定语.5.2.不同点不同点:5.2.1.三个词的含义不同三个词的含义不同:both 表示表示两者都两者都;eithe
21、r 表示表示两者中随便哪个都两者中随便哪个都;neither 表示表示“两者中哪个都不两者中哪个都不”.Module 2 Unit 35.2.2.e.g.:(1)Either this knife or that one will do.(2)Both Beijing and Shanghai are big cities.(3)The weather here is neither too hot nor too cold.三个词各自构成不同的固定短语三个词各自构成不同的固定短语:both and 两者都两者都 either or 要么要么要么要么 neither nor 既不既不也不也不M
22、odule 2 Unit 35.2.3.e.g.:(1)Either that watch or these watches are made in Hong Kong.(2)Neither my parents nor my sister likes tennis.bothand结构作主语时结构作主语时,谓语动词用复谓语动词用复 数数;eitheror与与 neithernor 结构作主语时结构作主语时,谓语动词的数由离其最近的名词决定谓语动词的数由离其最近的名词决定.Module 2 Unit 35.2.4.注意区别注意区别so/neither+情态动词情态动词/助动词助动词/be+主语主
23、语 与与so/neither+主语主语+情态动词情态动词/助动词助动词/be.e.g.:(1)I like swimming.So does Tom.(2)Mary likes singing.So she does.(3)Jack didnt arrive on time.Neither did Lily.so+情态动词情态动词/助动词助动词/be 表示表示也一样也一样,表表示前面所说的情况也适合于另一个人或物示前面所说的情况也适合于另一个人或物,此句是此句是一个倒装句一个倒装句.Neither 结构表示结构表示也不一样也不一样.so+主语主语+情态动词情态动词/助动词助动词/be表示赞同表
24、示赞同,表表示示不错不错;的确的确;确实确实.前后两个句子指的是同一前后两个句子指的是同一人或物人或物.Neither 结构表示结构表示确实不是这样确实不是这样.Module 2 Unit 36.little,a little&few,a few 6.1.a(little)用于不可数名词用于不可数名词,a(few)用于可数用于可数 名名词词.6.2.a little 和和 a few 表示肯定的概念表示肯定的概念,而而little和和 few表示否定的概念表示否定的概念.Module 2 Unit 3修修饰饰cn修饰修饰不不un 表否表否定含义定含义fewlittle表肯表肯定含义定含义a f
25、ewa little7.it和和onee.g.:(1)The shirt is too small for me.Will you please show me a bigger one?(2)My father bought me a bike as my birthday present.I like it very much.one 指前面提到的同类事物指前面提到的同类事物;it 指前面提到的那个事物指前面提到的那个事物,指同一个事物指同一个事物.Module 2 Unit 38.other 系列系列e.g.:(1)Therere other ways to solve the prob
26、lem.other 意为意为别的别的,其他的其他的,另外的另外的,常作定语常作定语.(2)If you dont like this one,try another.(3)Would you like another two cakes?another 指指“三者或三者以上中的另一个三者或三者以上中的另一个”;后跟后跟“数词数词+名词名词时表示时表示再、又再、又的意思的意思.(4)I have two sisters.One is a teacher,and the other is a nurse.(5)Therere forty students in my class.One is fr
27、om England,and the others come from China.the other 表示表示两者中的另一个两者中的另一个,the others表表示示两部分中的另一部分两部分中的另一部分.Module 2 Unit 3七、介词和介词短语七、介词和介词短语1.定义定义:介词介词(Prepositions)是一种用来表示词与词是一种用来表示词与词,词与词与句之间的关系的词句之间的关系的词.在句中不能单独作在句中不能单独作句子成分句子成分,必须以介词短语的形式来构成句子成分必须以介词短语的形式来构成句子成分.介词介词+名词名词构成的介词短构成的介词短语在句中作语在句中作状语状语,
28、表语表语,定语定语 等等.介词不能单独使用介词不能单独使用,通常放在名词或其他名词性通常放在名词或其他名词性的词、短语或从句前面的词、短语或从句前面.e.g.:(1)Id like some music to dance with.(2)Would you like a room to live in?动词动词+介词介词短语作后置定语时短语作后置定语时,介词不可省略介词不可省略.Module 2 Unit 32.分类分类:简单介词和复杂介词简单介词和复杂介词2.1.简单介词简单介词:as,at,but,by,down,for,from,in,like,of,off,on,out,past,pe
29、r,round,since,than,through,till,to,up,with,about,above,across,after,against,along,among,around,before,below,behind,beneath,beside,besides,between,beyond,despite,during,except,inside,into,onto,opposite,outside,over,unlike,until,upon,within,withoutModule 2 Unit 32.2.复杂介词复杂介词:2.2.1.两个词两个词:副词副词/形容词形容词/连
30、词连词+介词介词 as for,except for,apart from,away from,aside from,as from,ahead of,back of,because of,instead of,out of,outside of,regardless of,according to,as to,close to,contrary to,due to,near(er)to,next to,on to,owing to,thanks to,up to;along with,together with;Module 2 Unit 32.2.2.三个词三个词介词介词1+名词名词+介词
31、介词2 in view of the electione.g.:(1)In terms of money,her boss was small.(2)Two men were interviewed at the police station in connection with a theft from an Oxford Street store.(3)How many delegates are in favor of this motion?Module 2 Unit 3 in+名词名词+of:in charge of;in case of;in(the)face of;in fron
32、t of;in place of;in need of;in favor of;in the light of;in respect of;in spite of;in view of;in+名词名词+with:in common with;in line with;in comparison with;in contact with;by+名词名词+of:by means of;by way of;on+名词名词+of:on account of;on behalf of;on the grounds of;on the matter of;on(the)top of;on the part
33、 of;on the strength of;Module 2 Unit 3 其他类型其他类型:as far as;at the expense of;at the hands of;for(the)sake of;in exchange for;in return for;in addition to;in relation to;with/in regard of;with/in respect to;with the exception of;注意注意:有些以有些以of结尾的复杂介词可用属格形式替代结尾的复杂介词可用属格形式替代:e.g.:(1)for the sake of the p
34、eople=for the peoples sake;(2)on behalf of Jim=on Jims behalf(3)at the expense of Susan=at Susans expenseModule 2 Unit 33.介词和介词短语的用法介词和介词短语的用法.3.1.e.g.:The space pen worked in space,under water,even on ice.(2)He wrote long poems for children.表位置和对象表位置和对象3.2.e.g.:(1)He seems to know the solution to t
35、he problem.(2)We had a debate about womens lives now and in the past.作定语作定语Module 2 Unit 33.3.e.g.(1)Tom and Jack are from England.(2)Our manager is on holiday in the south.作表语作表语 许多介词短语已经成为固定表达方式许多介词短语已经成为固定表达方式,我们可以我们可以把它们作为一个整体来记忆和使用把它们作为一个整体来记忆和使用,如如 in the past,in the morning,at the weekend,aft
36、er school 等等.Module 2 Unit 34.介词的兼词现象介词的兼词现象 有些单词既可以用作连词也可以用作介词有些单词既可以用作连词也可以用作介词,而有而有些单词既可以用作介词又可以用作副词些单词既可以用作介词又可以用作副词,应注意区应注意区分它们在句子中的不同功能分它们在句子中的不同功能.e.g.:the day when she arrived the day of her arrival注意注意:辨别两种词类的一个标准是辨别两种词类的一个标准是:介词引导的是名词介词引导的是名词性或名词化补足语性或名词化补足语,而与之相对的从属连词引导一而与之相对的从属连词引导一个从属分句
37、个从属分句(从句从句).Module 2 Unit 34.1.after 和和 before after 和和 before 可作介词可作介词,也可作连词也可作连词.e.g.:(1)You should take off your shoes before you go into a Japanese home.(2)You should take off your shoes before going into a Japanese home.(3)What did you do after you called the police?(4)I am going to the playgro
38、und to play basketball after school.作连词时后面接从句作连词时后面接从句,作介词时后面接名词或动作介词时后面接名词或动词的词的-ing形式形式.Module 2 Unit 34.2.above 和和 below above和和below可以作介词可以作介词,也可以作也可以作副副词词.e.g.:(1)Do not write below the line.(2)Please write to me at the address below.英语中兼作介词和英语中兼作介词和副副词的单词很多词的单词很多,如如:about,behind,down,up,in,off
39、,on,over,through,under 等等.Module 2 Unit 35.常见介词及用法常见介词及用法.5.1.in&on&at 表时间表时间5.1.1.in 的用法的用法.in the week;in May;in the holiday;in summer;in the morning;in the 21st century;在在in 用于表示周、月、季节、年和泛指用于表示周、月、季节、年和泛指的上早中晚的上早中晚 in an hour;in two weeks;在在内内用于对用于对how soon 的回答的回答.in time;in the day time 用于固定搭配用于
40、固定搭配.Module 2 Unit 35.1.2.on 的用法的用法.on Monday;on June 6;on Tuesday morning;on a rainy evening;on May 4,2003;on Christmas Day;on 用于表示某天用于表示某天,具体某一天的早中晚具体某一天的早中晚.5.1.3.at 的用法的用法.at 7 oclock;at 9:15 am;at 18:46;at lunch;at breakfast;at night;at first;at times;用于表示时刻、时间的某一点用于表示时刻、时间的某一点.at the same time
41、;at noon;at night;用于固定搭配用于固定搭配Module 2 Unit 3注意注意:表示时间的名词前有表示时间的名词前有this,last,next,every 等等修饰时修饰时,其前面不加介词其前面不加介词.this morning今天早上今天早上 last Monday上周一上周一 every week每周每周Module 2 Unit 35.2.before&after 表时间的前后表时间的前后.两者既可以作介词又可以作连词两者既可以作介词又可以作连词.e.g.(1)Wash your hands before dinner.(2)He will call me befo
42、re he leaves here/before ten oclock.before在在之前之前(3)Lets sing some songs after school.(4)Please close the door after you leave the room.after在在之后之后Module 2 Unit 35.3.by&until/till 表时间的期限表时间的期限.e.g.:(1)by the end of;by then;by the time+从句从句在在之前之前(2)She had left by the time I arrived.(3)How many Englis
43、h books had you read by the end of last year?by 在在前前(时间时间);截止截止(到到)(4)I will wait for him until he comes here.(5)We didnt begin to watch TV until/till nine oclock.until/till 直到直到为止为止(时间时间)Module 2 Unit 35.4.for&during&through 表时间的期间表时间的期间.e.g.:(1)He has lived here for 20 years.(2)We will stay in the
44、 city for two days.for 达达之久之久(表示经过了多少时间表示经过了多少时间)可以和一般现在时、过去时、将来时连可以和一般现在时、过去时、将来时连 用用,但但经常和完成时连用经常和完成时连用.for之后大多跟表示时间、具之后大多跟表示时间、具体天数等的数字名词体天数等的数字名词.(3)They are going to have a good rest during the summer holidays.during在在期间期间 during 后决不能跟表数字的名词后决不能跟表数字的名词Module 2 Unit 3(4)They played the cards thr
45、ough the night.(5)He stayed in London through the winter.through 一直一直(从开始到结束从开始到结束)Module 2 Unit 35.5.from&since 表时间的起点表时间的起点.e.g.:(1)The meeting will be held at eight.(2)The meeting will be held from eight to ten.from 从从起起 表示表示“从从开始开始”时时,一般都是用词组一般都是用词组fromto,而单纯表示确切的而单纯表示确切的“从几点开始从几点开始”时用时用at.(3)I
46、have been sick since yesterday.(4)The doctor has saved a lot of lives since he became a doctor.since 自从自从以来以来(表示从以前某时一直到现在表示从以前某时一直到现在仍在继续仍在继续)Module 2 Unit 35.6.in&within 表时间的经过表时间的经过.e.g.:(1)in an hour;in a week or so(2)He will be back in five hours.in 过过后后(未来时间未来时间),大多用在将来时大多用在将来时(一般将来一般将来时和过去将来时
47、时和过去将来时)in 是以限制为基础是以限制为基础,in an hour是指从现在起一是指从现在起一个小时之后个小时之后,所以所以in一般只用于将来时一般只用于将来时.(3)She went to Nanjing last May,and she came back after a month.注意注意:如果用于过去式如果用于过去式,用用after+时间时间.Module 2 Unit 3(4)within 3 hours;within a week(5)The cat ate the fish up within 10 minutes.(6)The cat will eat the fish
48、 up within 10 minutes.within 不超过不超过的范围的范围 within 强调强调在在时间之内时间之内,没有时态的限制没有时态的限制.Module 2 Unit 35.7.at&in 表场所表场所.e.g.:(1)at school;at home;stand at the door;at Baker Street;at the bottom/back/end/head of;(2)Ill meet him at the Beijing railway station.at 表示比较狭窄的场所表示比较狭窄的场所(3)in Beijing;in the world;in
49、the bed;in China;in a book/newspaper;(4)Mike works in the prison.(5)She was born in China.(6)His brother is in prison.He was arrested 2 years ago.in 表示比较宽敞的场所表示比较宽敞的场所Module 2 Unit 35.8.on&above&over&under&below 表位置表位置.5.8.1.on 的用法的用法.e.g.:(1)on the desk;on the map;(2)There are two maps on the wall.
50、在在上面上面,有接触面有接触面.on the right;on the river;在在靠近靠近的地方的地方5.8.2.e.g.:Our plane flew above the clouds.above 在在上方上方5.8.3.e.g.:(1)There is a light over Li Ming.(2)A few birds were flying over the sea.over 在在正上方正上方,是是under的反义词的反义词Module 2 Unit 35.8.4.e.g.:(1)under the table;under the jacket;(2)The dog is un
