1、中考英语核心语法主谓一致知识讲解一、主谓一致的三个原则【语法详解】1.意义一致意义一致就是根据句子主语的意义来确定谓语动词的单复数。如：Maths is difficult for us.数学对我们来说很难。The police are trying to search for the thief on the hill.警察们正在山上尽力搜查小偷。【即学即练】 Ma Yun as well as Ren Zhengfei _ tons of attention wherever they go. Yeah, they are very successful.We believe that s
2、truggle （奋斗） creates history and hard work makes a _ future.A.gets; brightly B.get; bright C.gets; bright D.get; brightly2.语法一致语法一致即单数主语要用单数谓语动词，复数主语要用复数谓语动词。如：My bike is under the tree.我的自行车在树下。These books are olD.这些书是旧的。【即学即练】My family _ for dinner now.Were busy.A.is preparing B.are preparing C.pr
3、epares3.就近原则就近原则即当主语被某些连词(短语)连接时，谓语动词的数与离它最近的词保持一致。Either my father or brother is coming.我父亲来，要不然就是我弟弟来。Not only you but also they are good students.不仅你是好学生，而且他们也是好学生。【即学即练】Not only Jim but also Lucy _ a few cities since they came to China.A.will visit B.visited C.have visited D.has visited【知识归纳】含义例
4、句语法一致指的是主语为单数形式时，谓语动词使用单数形式，主语如果为复数形式，那么谓语动词也使用复数形式。Tom is a good student.汤姆是个好学生。They often play football on the playgrounD.他们经常在操场上踢足球。意义一致又称为概念一致原则，指的是谓语动词的单复数取决于主语所表达单复数意义，而不取决于表面上的语法联系。My family are having lunch now.我们一家人现在正吃午饭。Twenty dollars is too expensive for the book.这本书20美元太贵了。就近一致又称为近邻一致
5、原则，指的是主语由两个或两个以上的名词或代词构成，谓语动词的单复数形式应与紧邻的名词或代词保持一致。Not only the teacher but also his students like playing football.不仅老师喜欢踢足球，而且他的学生也喜欢踢足球。There is a pen and some books on the desk.课桌上有一支钢笔和一些书。二、并列结构作主语【语法详解】由and或both.and连接两个名词、代词作主语，表示不同的人或事物时，句子的谓语用复数。John and Mike are good friends.约翰和迈克是好朋友。Both
6、bread and milk are good for you.面包和牛奶对你都有好处。【注意】and连接的两个名词作主语，在意义上指同一人、同一物或同一概念时，谓语动词用单数。The famous singer and dancer is coming to Chongqing.那位著名的歌唱家兼舞蹈家要来重庆。【即学即练】Who can take part in our school singing competition?_ Lucy _ Lily are OK.Theyre good at singing.A.Either; or B.Neither; nor C.Not only;
7、but also D.Both; and三、名词+介词短语作主语【语法详解】名词或代词后接as well as，with，along with，together with，except，but等短语作主语时，谓语动词的形式应和介词短语前的名词或代词的人称和数保持一致。She as well as other students likes playing computer games.她和其他学生都喜欢玩电脑游戏。He with his parents is working in the fields.他正和他的父母在地里干活。Nobody but you and me knows it.除了你
8、和我，没人知道。【即学即练】 I called you last night but no one answered the phone. I with my parents _ a TV programme about celebrating the 20th anniversary of Macaos return to China.A.was watching B.watched C.have watched D.were watching四、不定代词作主语【语法详解】1.当作主语的名词前有each，neither，either，every修饰或each，neither，either作主
9、语时，谓语动词用单数。Each student has a book.每一个学生都有一本书。Either answer is correct.两个答案都是正确的。Neither parent is with him.他的父母都没有和他在一起。Every minute is important to us.每一分钟对大家都很重要。2.当复合不定代词someone，anyone，somebody，anybody，nobody，everybody，something，anything，nothing，everything等作主语时，谓语动词用单数。Somebody is waiting for yo
10、u outside.有人在外面等你。Is everybody here today? 今天大家都到了吗？Something is wrong with my watch.我的手表出故障了。Nobody was away yesterday.昨天没有人离开。【即学即练】To avoid gathering(聚集), neither the students nor their teacher _ going to the party this evening.A.was B.are C.isThere be和Here be 结构后面接并列名词时，谓语动词be均应与最近的名词在数上保持一致。The
11、re is a pen，a pencil，a knife and three books on the desk.书桌上有一支钢笔，一支铅笔，一把刀和三本书。Here are some flowers and a carD.这里有一些花和一张卡片。【即学即练】There_more than two ways to solve this maths problem.A.am B.is C.are D.be五、特殊名词作主语【语法详解】1.国名、人名、书名、报刊名、组织机构等专有名词作主语时，即使其形式上是复数，谓语动词也要用单数。The United States lies to the eas
12、t of China.美国在中国的东方。(国名)Engels was good at learning foreign languages.恩格斯擅长学外语。(人名)2.the+形容词作主语时，表示某类人，谓语动词用复数。The sick are taken good care of.病人得到很好的照顾。The old are supposed to be spoken to politely.跟老人讲话要有礼貌。3.以-s结尾的学科名词，如maths，physics，politics等和以-s结尾的抽象名词，如news，plastics等作主语时，谓语动词要用单数。Physics is ve
13、ry difficult for me to learn.物理对我来讲很难学。The news was very exciting.这条新闻十分激动人心。4.单复数形式相同的名词，如Chinese，Japanese，sheep，deer等作主语时，谓语动词的单复数由名词前的修饰语来确定。A Chinese wants to see you.一个中国人想见你。Ten sheep are eating grass there.那边有10只绵羊在吃草。【注意】Chinese，Japanese，English等前加the表示一国人，作主语时，谓语动词用复数。The Chinese speak Chin
14、ese.中国人说汉语。六、表数量概念的词或短语作主语1.表示时间、金钱、距离、重量等的复数名词作主语时，通常看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数。Ten years has passed quickly.10年很快就过去了。Ten dollars is enough.10美元就够了。100 kilometers is a long way.100千米是一段很长的路。2.加减乘除运算中的谓语动词用单数，其中加法与乘法也可用复数。Two and two is/are four.2加2等于4。Six times one is/are six.6乘以1等于6。3.many a/more than one+单数
15、名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。There is more than one answer.有不止一个答案。Many a student has passed the exam.许多学生通过了考试。4.one and a half+复数名词作主语时，谓语用单数。One and a half days is all I can spare.一天半是我所能支配的全部时间。One and a half pears is left on the plate.一个半梨被留在盘子里。5.the rest of.短语作主语时，如果of后接复数名词，谓语用复数；如果of后接不可数名词，谓语用单数。The res
16、t of the bikes are on sale.余下的自行车降价出售。The rest of the bread is gone.剩余的面包不见了。6.none of+复数名词作主语时，谓语动词既可以用单数也可以用复数。None of the dogs was/were there.那儿没有狗。7.a number of+名词复数表示许多/大量的，其后的谓语动词用复数；the number of+名词复数表示的数量，其中心词为number，故谓语动词用单数。A number of farmers are standing over there.许多农民站在那边。The number of
17、 the students in this school has reached over 2，000.这所学校的学生数量已达到2 000多人。8.a lot of/lots of/plenty of+名词作主语，谓语动词由of后的名词来确定。如果of后是不可数名词，谓语动词用单数；如果of后是复数名词，谓语动词用复数。A lot of time is needeD.需要大量的时间。Plenty of workers are working.许多工人在工作。七、动名词、不定式和从句作主语动名词、不定式或从句作主语时，谓语一般用单数。Doing morning exercises is good for your body.做早操对你的身体有益。To play with fire near a gas station is very dangerous.在加油站附近玩火很危险。What he said at the meeting is very important.他在会上的发言很重要。【即学即练】 To the west of our school_ some bookstores and a park.A.lies B.lie C.has D.have5
