1、高三英语考试第二部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AKnown for its Terracotta Warriors, the ancient Chinese city of Xian in Shaanxi Province is also a city with delicious food. Here are some of them.Yangrou paomoYangrou paomo, or pita bread soaked in lamb soup, is anoth
2、er signature food of Xi an. The main ingredient in this mouth-watering dish is mutton and pita bread. The hard bread is torn into small pieces and added to a bowl, then topped with stewed and sliced mutton, scallion, coriander and chili, and then the soup is poured over all of it.Biangbiang noodlesB
3、iangbiartg noodles(stewed-pork hand-ripped noodles) are thick, fat and long. Each noodle is three fingers wide, spiraling down into a big bowl. It is served dry, with toppings of chili and pork belly in alternating layers of fat and lean meat. Biangbiang noodles are famous not only for their distinc
4、tive taste, but also for the name, the character of which is so complicated that many Chinese dont know how to write it. Biang refers to the sound chefs make when they pull the dough into noodles and bang them against the table.DumplingA visit to Xian is not complete unless you try the dumplings. Th
5、ey are made in different shapes, colors and flavorssour, sweet or peppery. The dumplings have different fillings. Cooking methods have also expanded, from boiling to frying.RougamoAncient Chinese called it “Rou jia yu mo zhong”, which means the meat is inside the bun(a kind of small bread). The most
6、 important part of “Rougamo” is the special sauce meat. According to the history record, “Rougamo” first found in book is in Qin Dynasty, which was called “Hanmo”. “Rougamo” is not only a sign of the ancient city, but also a sign of Chinese traditional foods.1. In which of the following foods is bre
7、ad used?A. Yangrou paomo and Rougamo.B. Rougamo and BiaTigbiang noodles.C. Yangrou paomo and dumpling.D. Biangbiang noodles and dumpling.2. What does Biangbiang noodles get the name from?A. The chef who creates them.B. The ingredients they include.C. The sound when they are made.D. The place where t
8、hey are made.3. In which column of a newspaper is this text probably from?A. Health,B. Culture.C. Science.D. Fashion.【答案】1. A 2. C 3. B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了几种西安的特色美食。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据Yangrou paomo中第二句“The main ingredient in this mouth-watering dish is mutton and pita bread.(这道令人垂涎的菜肴的主要原料是羊肉和皮塔饼)”和Rou
9、gamo中的第一句“Ancient Chinese called it “Rou jia yu mo zhong”, which means the meat is inside the bun (a kind of small bread) (中国古代称之为“肉夹馍”，意思是肉夹在小圆面包里)”可知，Yangrou paomo和Rougamo中都会用到饼(bread)。故选A项。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据Biangbiang noodles的最后一句“Biang refers to the sound chefs make when they pull the dough into noo
10、dles and bang them against the table.(Biang指的是厨师把面团拉成面条，然后在桌子上猛撞发出的声音)”可知，Biangbiang noodles的名字来由是厨师制作面条时在桌子上摔打面条发出的声音。故选C项。【3题详解】推理判断题。本文介绍了几种西安的特色美食，属于地方饮食文化，所以文章可能出自报纸的文化专栏。故选B项。【点睛】 BThe world becomes a better place when we not only recognize that everyone has bad days, but when we also care eno
11、ugh to act accordingly. No matter what kind of bad experience we experience, we should treat it actively. Fourth-grade teacher Rachel Harder recognized this, and she found an amazing way to help out both her students and their families.A few years ago, the Kansas teacher attended a trauma(心理创伤)confe
12、rence. She learned that some police stations partner with schools so they can let teachers know when one of their students has a police encounter, something that could cause them to need extra care or attention. A year after the conference, Rachel had a student with autism(自闭症)who fre-quently had to
13、ugh days. To support the student, Rachel told his mom to simply text her “handle with care” to let her know when it was going to be one of those days.The simple method was such a success that Rachel decided to send all her students home with a note for their parents. It explained what the “Handle wi
14、th Care” system was and how they could take advantage of it. In no time, parents began to show their appreciation for Rachels incredible act of kindness. But Rachels sympathy didnt end with her class. Word spread of the amazing system, and teachers across the country began giving it a shot in their
15、own classrooms. Printouts can be found on the Smart School House website, and the feedback has been extremely positive!Even though teachers can sometimes tell when a student is having a tough day just by the way theyre acting, Rachel said these simple texts allow educators to make minor adjustments
16、in advance that, in turn, make the whole day better for everyone. “Its important for me to give kids a few minutes of extra time or space,” she said, “and its easy to give.”4. What does the underlined word “this” in paragraph 1 refer to?A. The tough time in life.B. The beauty of nature.C. A positive
17、 attitude to hardship.D. An extreme working style.5. How did Rachel help the student with autism?A. By getting assistance from some police stations.B. By knowing his state at home from his mother.C. By discussing his trauma in a conference.D. By supporting him to do what he wants.6. Why did Rachel s
18、end notes to the parents of all her students?A. To prove the behavior is efficient.B. To explain the kindness to the parents.C. To gain the parents sympathy for herself.D. To show her concern about every student.7. Which of the following can best describe Rachel?A. Responsible and considerate.B. Ene
19、rgetic and grateful.C. Curious and courageous.D. Humorous and warm-hearted.【答案】4. C 5. B 6. D 7. A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。Rachel老师通过让学生家长发送短信“小心处理”给她，暗示学生在家有状况需要呵护，提前做好帮助学生渡过难关的准备，这种方式获得家长的积极反馈，并被全国各地的老师效仿。【4题详解】词句猜测题。根据第一段第二、三句“No matter what kind of bad experience we experience, we should treat it active
20、ly. Fourth-grade teacher Rachel Harder recognized this, and she found an amazing way to help out both her students and their families.(无论我们有过什么样的糟糕经历，我们都要积极面对。Rachel意识到了这一点，她找到了一个神奇的方法来帮助她的学生和他们的家庭)”可知，this指代上一句中的“指积极面对困难的态度”。故选C项。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“To support the student, Rachel told his mom to
21、simply text her handle with care to let her know when it was going to be one of those days.(为了支持这名学生，Rachel告诉孩子的母亲，当孩子出状况的时候。只要给她发短信小心处理即可)”可知，Rachel是通过这个家有自闭症的学生的母亲了解他在家的情况来帮助这个学生。故选B项。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段第一、二句“The simple method was such a success that Rachel decided to send all her students home with
22、 a note for their parents. It explained what the Handle with Care system was and how they could take advantage of it. In no time, parents began to show their appreciation for Rachels incredible act of kindness.(这个简单的方法非常成功，Rachel决定让她所有的学生回家时带上写给他们的父母一张便条。便条解释了什么是小心处理系统，以及家长如何使用它。很快，父母们开始对Rachel令人难以置
23、信的善举表示感谢)”可知，Rachel这么做是因为她关爱班里的每一个学生，想在孩子有困难的时候能家校配合，帮助他们，就像帮助那个自闭症的孩子那样。故选D项。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句“To support the student, Rachel told his mom to simply text her handle with care to let her know when it was going to be one of those days.(为了支持这名学生，Rachel告诉孩子的母亲，当孩子出状况的时候。只要给她发短信小心处理即可)”，根据第三段第一句“The
24、 simple method was such a success that Rachel decided to send all her students home with a note for their parents.(这个简单的方法非常成功，Rachel决定让她所有的学生回家时带上写给他们的父母一张便条)”；最后一段第一句“Even though teachers can sometimes tell when a student is having a tough day just by the way theyre acting, Rachel said these simpl
25、e texts allow educators to make minor adjustments in advance that, in turn, make the whole day better for everyone.(Rachel说，尽管老师有时可以通过学生的表现来判断他们什么时候过得不好，但这些简单的短信可以让老师提前做一些小小的调整，从而让大家的一整天都过得更好)”可知可知，Rachel关心班上的每个学生，对学生负责、体贴，考虑周到。故选A项。【点睛】 CMore than 140 sign languages are used today, primarily by dea
26、f communities around the world. Like spoken languages, each sign language has its own grammar, vocabulary and other special features. For example, American Sign Language is unintelligible(无法了解的)to British Sign language. In fact, American Sign language has more in common with French Sign Language, la
27、rgely because French educators played a key role in helping get deaf schools founded in the United States during the 19th century.There havent been a lot of comparisons of sign languages. University of Texas, Austin linguist Justin Powers and his colleagues aim to address that information gap. In or
28、der to study the question of sign language evolution, they first collected a database of manual alphabets from dozens of different sign languages around the world. So a manual alpha-bet is kind of a subsystem within a sign language that is used to represent a written language. And theres a hand shap
29、e that corresponds to each letter.To uncover relationships between the alphabets% the researchers used the same methods that biologists use to figure out relationships between different species, based on their DNA. The methods grouped sign languages in this study into five main European lineages(谱系)
30、. And those were Austrian origin, British origin, French origin, Spanish and Swedish. Power says manual alphabets from Austria, France and Spain could date back to one-handed manual alphabets from 16th- and 17th-century Spain. But each of those lineages evolved independently of each other.The study
31、also confirmed the French origins of American Sign Language and those of other countries, including Mexico, Brazil and the Netherlands. Surprisingly, the Austrian manual alphabet influenced sign languages as far away as Russia. But while this lineage has largely died out, remains of it live on in Ic
32、elandic Sign language today.Power says future research comparing the vocabularies of different sign languages could provide even more clues about how theyve changed over time. Understanding how sign languages evolve would tell us a lot about the way that language, in general, evolves.8. What can we
33、know about American Sign Language?A. It was created by French educators.B. It is less related to French Sign language.C. It was further developed before the 19th century.D It has little in common with British Sign Language.9. What is special about a manual alphabet?A Every letter means a hand gestur
34、e.B. It is used to replace the written language.C. Every letter is the same as the normal alphabet.D. It is used together with the shape of mouth.10. What does the author think of the effect of the Austrian manual alphabet?A. Worrying.B. Astonishing.C. Moving.D. Disappointing.11. What does the last
35、paragraph mainly talk about?A. The changes of different sign languages.B. The evolution of different sign languages.C. The meaning of researching sign languages.D. The vocabulary of different sign languages.【答案】8. D 9. A 10. B 11. C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了不同国家手势语的起源及演变。【8题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段第三句“For examp
36、le, American Sign Language is unintelligible to British Sign language.”(例如，美国手语是英国手语无法理解的。)可知，美国手势语与英国手势语没有什么共同之处。故选D项。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段最后两句“So a manual alpha-bet is kind of a subsystem within a sign language that is used to represent a written language. And theres a hand shape that corresponds to e
37、ach letter.”(所以手势语字母表是手语中的一个子系统用来表示书面语言。每个字母对应一个手的形状。)可知，手势语字母表的特别之处在于它的每个字母都与一种手势相对应。故选A项。【10题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段第二句“Surprisingly, the Austrian manual alphabet influenced sign languages as far away as Russia.”( 令人惊讶的是，奥地利的手语字母表影响了远在俄罗斯的手语。)可知，作者认为奥地利手势语字母表的影响是令人吃惊的。故选B项。【11题详解】主旨大意题。根据最后一段内容“future rese
38、arch.in general, evolves (未来对不同手语词汇的比较研究可以提供更多线索，了解它们是如何随着时间变化的。理解手语是如何进化的可以告诉我们很多关于语言进化的信息。)”可知，本段主要介绍了研究手势语的意义。故选C项。DBy 2050, our global population might have been beyond nine billion, bringing with it an expected 70% increase in global demand for meat and fish. As a result, the growing demand for
39、 soya-based farm feed is driving massive destruction of forests at an alarming rate, and sea animal populations have halved in the last four decades due to widespread overfishing.With 10 million pounds funding, part of the Governments Industrial Strategy Challenge Fund, a start-up company Entocycle
40、is leading a cooperation that will build the UKs first industrial-scale insect farm. Black soldier flies(黑水虻)are used to convert food waste from farms and factories into a sustainable, organic insect-based protein feed, as an alternative to soya, for farmed animals, namely pigs, chicken and fish. In
41、 short the company is using food waste to create insect protein to feed the animals that we eat, while reducing carbon dioxide emissions(排放)and deforestation.Following its formation in 2017, Entocycle spent time developing its technology as part of the European Space Agency Business Incubation Centr
42、e United Kingdom(ESA BIC UK), which is managed and partly funded by STFC. Entocycle acquired the expert knowledge to develop a network of cutting edge sensors, originally designed for use in space, to monitor and optimize(优化)the black soldier flies lifecycle.They combined this with big data analysis
43、 to develop their proprietary technology to mass-rear flies, scalable for industrial use, STFCs Dr Sue OHare, Operations Manager at the ESA BIC UK, said, “Entocycle is a first-class example of how space technology can be applied to address one of the most important global challenges we currently fac
44、e how to feed the world without harming our planet.”It is fantastic to know that the ESA BIC UK, part of the worlds largest business incubation program for space tech start-ups, was able to provide the right environment and support to play a part in the early development of this world-changing techn
45、ology. This is a significant milestone for Entocycle as it seeks to make a real and positive impact on making our food supply chains more environmentally sustainable.12. How does the author develop his opinion in paragraph 1?A. By listing questions.B. By presenting facts.C. By making comparisons.D.
46、By stating arguments.13. What does the underlined word “convert” in paragraph 2 mean?A. Transform.B. Exchange.C. Dip.D. Add.14. What is the Dr Sue OHares attitude to Entocycle?A. Negative.B. Pessimistic.C. Supportive.D. Ambiguous.15. What is the best title for the text?A. Food Waste Is a Global Chal
47、lengeB. Increasing Population Threats Our PlanetC. Entocycle Puts Space Technology into UseD. Using Insects to Turn Food Waste into Animal Feed【答案】12. B 13. A 14. C 15. D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了科学家利用昆虫将食物垃圾转化为可持续的动物饲料。【12题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段的“ By 2050, our global population might have been beyond nine bi
48、llion, bringing with it an expected 70% increase in global demand for meat and fish. As a result, the growing demand for soya-based farm feed is driving massive destruction of forests at an alarming rate, and sea animal populations have halved in the last four decades due to widespread overfishing.(到 2050 年，我们全球的人口可能会超过 90 亿，预计全球对肉类和鱼类的需求将增加 70%。因此，对以大豆为基础的农场饲料不断增长的需求正以惊人的速度推动森林的大规模破坏，由于广泛的过度捕捞，海洋动物的数量在过去四年中减少了一半。)”可知，作者在第一段中通过陈述事实来阐述他的观点的。故选B。【13题详解】词义猜测题。根据第二段的“In short the company is using food waste to create insect protein to feed the animals
