1、济南市2022年1月高三年级学情检测英语试题注意事项：1.答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名、座号、考号填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上。2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AThere are hundreds of non-profits welcoming studen
2、ts under the age of 18 as volunteers. In these activities, students can develop important life skills, cultural awareness and a lifelong passion for service.Union Station Homeless ServicesWhether you volunteer in our kitchens to prepare meals or in our offices to help with administrative projects, y
3、ou will be a valuable member of our family. We do our best to match volunteers with a position that suits their interests and skills.Minimum Age: 12Call: 626-240-4550Northeast Animal ShelterThe Northeast Animal Shelter, established in 1976, is one of New Englands largest non-profit shelters where th
4、e pets can be taken good care of. We have placed thousands of dogs and cats since we opened our doors. As soon as a dog or cat arrives, our staff begin searching for the perfect host for them. While waiting for a warm home, the dogs and cats receive the best of care.Minimum Age: 16Call: 745-988-8305
5、Needham Community FarmThe mission of Needham Community Farm is to deepen our communitys connection to nature and the food system by providing farm-based education, increasing access to healthy produce and encouraging environmental protection.Minimum Age: 13Call: 781-449-5300Arlington Public LibraryS
6、erving more than 1.5 million people a year, Arlington Public Library holds more than 600,000 items, from books, eBooks, and DVDs, to digital photo collections and provides funded kits for parents and teachers. We only accept the volunteers with community service experience.Minimum Age: 14Call: 817-4
7、59-69001. Which non-profit cares for people in need?A. Arlington Public Library.B. Northeast Animal Shelter.C Needham Community Farm.D. Union Station Homeless Services.2. What will volunteers do for animals in Northeast Animal Shelter?A. Cook healthy meals.B. Build perfect homes.C. Find adoptive fam
8、ilies.D. Search for their owners.3. What is the requirement for volunteers in Arlington Public Library?A. They are skillful at sorting out items.B. They ought to be at least 12 years old.C. They have experience in community service.D. They should be capable of taking digital photos.【答案】1. D 2. C 3.
9、C【解析】【分析】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了4个适合18岁以下学生参与的非盈利性组织。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据Union Station Homeless Services(Union Station无家可归者服务)中“Whether you volunteer in our kitchens to prepare meals or in our offices to help with administrative projects, you will be a valuable member of our family. (无论您是自愿在我们厨房做饭，还是在我们的办公室帮助行政项目，您
10、都将是我们家庭中宝贵的一员。)”可知，Union Station Homeless Services是一个给无家可归者提供帮助的公益项目。故选D。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据Northeast Animal Shelter中“As soon as a dog or cat arrives, our staff begin searching for the perfect host for them.( 只要一只狗或猫来了，我们的工作人员就会开始为它们寻找完美的主人。)”可知， Northeast Animal Shelter的志愿者可以为宠物们找到收养宠物的家庭。故选C。【3题详解】细节理解
11、题。根据Arlington Public Library中“We only accept the volunteers with community service experience.( 我们只接受有社区服务经验的志愿者。)”可知， Arlington Public Library要求志愿者有社区工作经验。故选C。BMany of us have heard of Alex Honnold, who made history in 2018 when he became the first man to climb EI Capitan without ropes or safety eq
12、uipment. But his mother, Dierdre Wolownick, just became the oldest woman to conquer the famous peak: she reached the top on September 23the morning of her 70th birthday.Dierdre, the writer and language teacher, decided to take up climbing as a means to connect more with her son. In 2008, accompanied
13、 by her son Alex, she visited a climbing gym and completed 12 routes that first day with his help, but it was months before she worked up the courage to return and practice on her own.Dierdre became committed to the sport, and began to meet friends and sharpen her skills. She scaled(登上) parts of Hal
14、f Dome and Cathedral peak at a time when many people at her age are thinking about retirement and slowing down. The writer would go on to publish a book about her climbing experiences with Alex called The Sharp End of Life: A Mothers Story.“As a mother, I am impressed by this role exchange process.
15、Parents and children often wind up changing roles in life as they get older,” she writes in her book. “But never, I thought, is that transformation as obvious as when they climb together.”On September 23, Dierdre and her friends set out in the dark, at 6 am. The route is steep (陡峭的) enough to requir
16、e all-fours, grabbing rocks and trees and whatever else will hold the weight. Yet despite all difficulties the team made it to the top.“It was really inspiring to watch her and then to have her on top with all of us,” said one of Dierdres friends.“There was a special look on everyones face. We knew
17、where we were. We knew how amazing the moment truly was.4. Why did Dierdre start climbing mountains?A. To know her son better.B. To celebrate her birthday.C. To seek writing inspiration.D. To set an example for the old.5. Which of the following best describes Dierdre?A. Patient.B. Courageous.C. Inte
18、lligent.D. Generous.6. What does the last paragraph tell about Dierdres climbing journey?A. It was worth the efforts.B. It took days to complete.C. It was arranged on her own.D. It required special equipment.7. What may be a suitable title for the text?A. Mountain climbing benefits healthB. Mother g
19、oes beyond her sons wishC. Climb together, bond closerD. Slow down, better your life【答案】4. A 5. B 6. A 7. B【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了世界级攀岩者Alex Honnold 的母亲迪尔德丽.沃罗尼克，为了更好地了解他，致力于攀岩运动,提高自己的技能, 并于自己70岁生日时攀上了埃尔卡皮坦山的故事。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第二段第一句 “Dierdre, the writer and language teacher, decided to take up climbi
20、ng as a means to connect more with her son. ”迪尔德丽作为作家和语言老师，她决定将攀岩作为一种与儿子建立更多联系的方式。”可知，迪尔德丽开始爬山是因为想更多的了解自己的儿子。故选A 项。【5题详解】推理判断题。迪尔德丽70岁了，还能开始学习攀岩，并登上了高峰。由此推断出她是一个有勇气的人。故选B项。【6题详解】推理判断题。由文章最后一段迪尔德丽的朋友的话“It was really inspiring to watch her and then to have her on top with all of us,” said one of Dierd
21、res friends.“There was a special look on everyones face. We knew where we were. We knew how amazing the moment truly was.” (迪尔德丽的一个朋友说:“看着她，然后和我们所有人一起站在顶端，这真的很鼓舞人心。” 每个人的脸上都有一种特殊的表情。 我们知道我们在哪里。 我们知道这一刻是多么令人惊叹。” )可知，尽管他们遇到了很多的困难，但当看到她以及大家脸上高兴的表情，他们知道了他们现在在干什么，此刻是多么的令人惊奇，推断出他们的努力没有白费。故选A项。【7题详解】主旨大意题。
22、纵观文章。文章讲述了世界级攀岩者Alex Honnold 的母亲迪尔德丽.沃罗尼克，为了更好地了解他，致力于攀岩运动,提高自己的技能, 并于自己70岁生日时攀上了埃尔卡皮坦山的故事。她甚至超越了自己的儿子的梦想。故选B项。【点睛】阅读理解题的解题方法，首先，宏观浏览，掌握大意。不要困扰在个别词汇的翻译上，偶有生词，走为上计。其次，读懂题干，带着问题再去微观细读。最后，分析句子，慎思明辨。阅读理解题之细节理解解题要注意：1.排除干扰项，突出主题。2.按文章的体裁，作者写作的组织模式及有关信息，预测应该到何处寻找自己所需要的事实。3.将注意力放在寻找你所需要的细节上，快速浏览，一目十行。发现细节，
23、十目一行，放慢速度，仔细核对比较，直到找到正确答案。如本文第1题，找出文中提到的“她决定将攀岩作为一种与儿子建立更多联系的方式。”，核对第一段和第二段，很容易判断正确答案。CNew smart wheelchairs are designed to allow users more freedom of movement. Some even allow them to raise or lower the seats or to go up and down stairs. Now, Scewo, a Swiss company, has designed their futuristic
24、motorized wheelchair Scewo Bro that is a complete solution with multitasking innovation. This smart wheelchair is so advanced and multifunctional that it won the Design Prize in 2018 and has been recognized as a pioneer in the medical technology industry.With clearly defined lines and a reduction to
25、 the essentials, the design team developed a clear design language. That way, Scewo Bro is seen as a new generation of wheelchairs at first glance. Scewo Bro users can control the wheelchair either by a touch interface (界面) or a smartphone. They can switch from one to the other and can also choose f
26、rom three different modes: park mode, drive mode, and track mode. This allows for any terrain (地形) and for people with mobility disabilities to be independent.Built with safety in mind, the seat always balances itself so the user stays in a sitting position. This feature allows users to deal with di
27、fferent terrains without the risk of tipping over. Besides, the foot rests, seat, and arm rests are designed to be comfortable and adjustable.The smart wheelchair can go up to 35 kilometers on one charge and can go 10 kilometers per hour. If a break is needed, just put the chair into the relaxation
28、position. The smart wheelchair comes with two secure storage areas for people on the go to store valuables. It can fit in the trunk of a car and can be charged in just five hours.Scewo Bro is available in Switzerland, Austria, and Germany. While the first batch(首批) has sold out, people can pre-order
29、 for delivery at the end of 2021. This futuristic wheelchair will allow for increased movement and a better quality of life for people with mobility issues.8. What do we know about the wheelchair?A. It targets medical workers.B. It features more functions.C. It is designed for household use.D. It is
30、 the first motorized wheelchair.9. What is mainly discussed about the wheelchair in Paragraph 3?A. Its design philosophy.B. Its working principle.C. Its customer experience.D. Its fashionable elements.10. How does the author introduce the wheelchair in Paragraph 4?A. By giving exact figures.B. By ma
31、king comparisons.C. By offering examples.D. By listing reasons.11. What can be inferred from the text?A. The wheelchair needs further improvement.B. The company Scewo is a non-profit organization.C. The wheelchair users can move around independently.D. The design team has been awarded many design pr
32、izes.【答案】8. B 9. A 10. A 11. C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了一款新型的轮椅，包括其功能和设计理念等。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中“This smart wheelchair is so advanced and multifunctional that it won the Design Prize in 2018 and has been recognized as a pioneer in the medical technology industry.(这款智能轮椅是如此先进和多功能，以至于它在2018年获得了设计奖，并被公认为医疗技术
33、行业的先驱)”可知，这个轮椅的特点就是多功能，故选择B项。【9题详解】主旨大意题。根据第三段中“Built with safety in mind, the seat always balances itself so the user stays in a sitting position.(出于安全考虑，座椅始终保持自身平衡，因此使用者保持坐姿)”可知，第三段主要说的是这个轮椅的设计理念，故选择A项。【10题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段中“The smart wheelchair can go up to 35 kilometers on one charge and can go 10
34、kilometers per hour.(智能轮椅一次充电可行驶35公里，每小时可行驶10公里。)”和“It can fit in the trunk of a car and can be charged in just five hours.(它可以装在汽车的后备箱里，只需5小时就能充满电)”可知，本段当中对于轮椅的介绍运用了列数字的论证方式，故选择A项。【11题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段中“This allows for any terrain (地形) and for people with mobility disabilities to be independent. (这适用于
35、地形以及让行动不便的人保持独立。)”可知，这款轮椅的用户能够独立移动，故选择C项。DWhen people hear “Artificial Intelligence (AI),” many think of big data. The reason is that some of the most significant AI breakthroughs have relied on enormous data sets. But AI is not only about large data sets, and research in small data approaches in th
36、e past decade has grown extensively, with Transfer Learning (TL) (迁移学习) as an especially promising example, which is helpful in settings where you have few data on the task of interest but sufficient data on a related problem.Small data approaches like TL offer numerous advantages over more data-int
37、ensive methods. By the use of AI with fewer data, they can facilitate progress in areas where few or no data exist, such as in forecasting natural disasters that occur relatively rarely. More importantly, TL is of great help in terms of generalization. A challenge in the use of AI is that models nee
38、d to generalize beyond their training datathat is, to give good “answers” to a more general set of “questions” than what they were specifically trained on. TL models work by transferring knowledge from one task to another, so they are very helpful in improving generalization in the new task, even if
39、 only limited data are available.AI experts such as Andrew Ng have stated that the approach will be the next driver of getting machine learning success in industry. There are some early signs of successful adoption and it has been applied for cancer discovery and much more.Despite the increase in re
40、search, TL has received relatively little visibility. While many machine learning experts and data scientists are familiar with it, techniques such as TL do not seem to have reached the awareness of the broader space of policy makers and business leaders in positions of making important decisions ab
41、out AI funding and adoption.By acknowledging the success of small data techniques like TL and supporting their widespread use, we can help overcome some widespread misconceptions regarding the role of data in AI and promote innovation in new directions.12. What does the author think of TL?A. It is a
42、 potential technique.B. It is of help in large data sets.C. It is an important AI breakthrough.D. It is a reliable solution to multitasks.13. In which aspect does TL show its advantages?A. Acquiring knowledge.B. Discovering questions.C. Collecting training data.D. Improving generalization.14. What d
43、oes the underlined part in Paragraph 4 probably mean?A. TL has little value.B. TL is a heated topic.C. TL draws public attention.D. TL is not well recognized.15. Whats the purpose of this text?A. To clarify some misconceptions.B. To introduce a small data approach.C. To predict the promising future
44、of AI.D. To emphasize the significance of data.【答案】12. A 13. D 14. D 15. B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍的是迁移学习这种小数据研究方法。【12题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段的“But AI is not only about large data sets, and research in small data approaches in the past decade has grown extensively, with Transfer Learning (TL) (迁移学习) as an especi
45、ally promising example, which is helpful in settings where you have few data on the task of interest but sufficient data on a related problem.(但AI不仅是大型数据集，在过去的十年中，小数据方法的研究得到了广泛的发展，迁移学习是一个特别有前途的例子，当您对感兴趣的任务只有很少的数据，但对相关问题有足够的数据时，它是很有帮助的。)”可知，作者认为TL是一种很有潜力的技术，故选A。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段的“TL models work by t
46、ransferring knowledge from one task to another, so they are very helpful in improving generalization in the new task, even if only limited data are available.(TL模型的工作原理是将知识从一个任务转移到另一个任务，因此，即使只有有限的数据，TL模型对提高新任务的泛化能力也非常有帮助。)”可知，在提高泛化能力方面，TL发挥了其优势，故选D。【14题详解】词句猜测题。根据倒数第二段的“While many machine learning e
47、xperts and data scientists are familiar with it, techniques such as TL do not seem to have reached the awareness of the broader space of policy makers and business leaders in positions of making important decisions about AI funding and adoption.(尽管许多机器学习专家和数据科学家都熟悉人工智能，但TL等技术似乎还没有让决策者和商业领袖意识到在人工智能融资
48、和采用方面做出重要决定的更广阔空间。)”可知，“TL has received relatively little visibility”的意思是TL还没有得到很好的认可，故选D。【15题详解】推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第二段的“Small data approaches like TL offer numerous advantages over more data-intensive methods.(像TL这样的小数据方法比更多的数据密集型方法有很多优势。)”可知，本文主要介绍的是TL这种小数据方法，因此目的是介绍一种小数据方法。故选B。第二节(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Its easy to stick to eating the same foods every day, especially if you love them. _16_Eating the same foods can lead to nutritional shortage. Our bodies need a wide range of
