1、上海市嘉定区2021届高三第二学期质量调研英语试题学校:_姓名：_班级：_考号：_一、用单词的适当形式完成短文Directions：After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper farm of the given word; for the other blanks, use one wo
2、rd that best fits each blank.Why Acting Is So Much More Than It Appears to BeFor many people, acting appears to be people talking while getting emotional, which is why so many people think they can do it. No one imagines _1_ waking up one day and being a professional singer or pianist. But for actor
3、s, they say, “acting is hard only _2_ one has to memorize lines, if I could remember, I could be an actor, too.”But acting isnt just about memorizing lines and talking in conversational reality. As Meisner said, “Acting is doing things truthfully under imaginary circumstances.” If _3_ (understand) c
4、orrectly, this definition is an ambitious and remarkable thing to strive for.To do things truthfully, actors must acquire many challenging skills . _4_ these skills, the script will remain flat on the page, despite being recited out loud. To make a script come to life in a believable way, the actor
5、_5_ make active choices.Imagine for a moment how many different ways there are _6_ (deliver) one single line. Even something as simple as “close the door” can mean so many different things and _7_ (express) in so many different ways. The words are the writers, but the behavior _8_ brings them to viv
6、id life? That is the actor.The goal of great actors? Thats to act naturally. Good quality acting must always come down to a kind of naturalness that makes those acting skills _9_ (visible) to the audience. In other words, a good actor must not appear to be acting at all.So do not be fooled into thin
7、king that _10_ can read and speak can be an actor. The naturalness displayed by great actors is exactly what makes you think that way, but it took them years of training to get to this point. It is so much more than you know.二、选用适当的单词或短语补全句子Directions：After reading the passage below, fill in each bl
8、ank with a proper word given in the box. Each-word can be used only once. Note that there is one more word than you need.Aleave Bsignal Cbrief Dinterruption E. marking F. indicatedG. practice H. resting I. unified J. struggling K. temporaryWhat Is a Paragraph Break?It is one of the most important pu
9、nctuation marks. A paragraph break is an indentation（缩造）or a single line space_11_the division between one paragraph and the next in a body of text.Generally, paragraph breaks serve to_12_the transition from one idea to another in a stretch of text, and from one speaker to another in an exchange of
10、dialogue.Few readers would think of the paragraph break as a punctuation mark, but it certainly is. In ancient times there were no paragraphs. Sentences simply flowed into one another without_13_.During medieval（中世纪）times, the mark evolved into the paragraph symbol and eventually became the modern-d
11、ay paragraph break, which is_14_now only by a line break or indentation.Today, the paragraph break is used to give readers a break. The art of creating paragraphs is called paragraphing, the_15_of dividing a text into paragraphs. Paragraphing is a kindness to your reader because it divides your thin
12、king into manageable bites. Paragraphs that are too long_16_readers with dense blocks of text to read through, while more frequent paragraphing provides readers with convenient_17_points at which to take a break and relaunch themselves into thinking.To fully understand when to insert a paragraph bre
13、ak, its helpful to know that a paragraph is a group of closely related sentences that develop a central idea. Therefore, each paragraph discusses one_18_topic. Also, a paragraph break is cmploycd before each new topic is introduced. In this way, the writing will flow, and readers will be able to pro
14、ceed through the writing in a logical fashion instead of_19_all the way to get to the last line.Paragraphs used to be longer, but with the development of the Internet, which gives readers access to literally millions of sources of information, paragraphs have become increasingly_20_. The style for m
15、any websites, for example, uses paragraphs no more than two to three sentences.三、完形填空There have been many times during my travels when Ive needed something repaired, from broken zips to memory cards that have lost data. From India to Ethiopia, I have had _21_ trouble in finding menders to repair wha
16、t is broken. But in rich countries, such items would often be _22_ and replaced with new ones.Now the idea that something that works fine should be replaced is now so deeply-rooted in our _23_ that few people question it. We are increasingly convinced by manufacturers to _24_ replace a product. The
17、earliest example may be the so-called “lightbulb scheme”, in which a group of companies signed an agreement that _25_ each other to sell lightbulbs with a longer than 1000-hour lifespan (寿命), even though bulbs lasting more than 100000 hours _26_.The result was that households needed to replace their
18、 bulbs regularly, greatly _27_ the consumer market.This way of selling more products by designing products that _28_ fail, cannot be repaired, or have a set lifespan is known as “planned obsolescence (报废)”. However, it is not just a way for _29_ to increase profits, many politicians believe it to be
19、 a societal necessity. During the 1930s Depression in the US, it was seen as a way to get the _30_ moving again by urging people to buy more stuff. By the 1950s, it had become the dominant practice in large-scale production with things no longer built to _31_. Clever advertising persuaded people to
20、shop. Consumer culture was born.Some industries, such as fashion, rely heavily on “planned obsolescence” with items being made to last a single season or less. Other industries are _32_ fashion to bring out products that will soon appear dated. For example, _33_ lifespans are programmed into chips (
21、芯片), so that printers will stop working after a preset number of pages._34_, some consumers are starting to hit back, advising people on the Internet how to find and remove the printer chip. They began taking apart computers and other equipment, getting around the copyright protection. People like t
22、hem are contributing to a _35_ of the consumer culture. Instead of being driven by it, they choose new products based on how long-lasting they are and how easy they are to be repaired. Perhaps, “planned obsolescence” will begin to see its end.21ArealBmuchClittleDbig22Aworked outBthrown awayCfixed up
23、Dboasted about23AindustryBcultureCproductDroute24ApermanentlyBfundamentallyCsensiblyDfrequently25AforbadeBremindedCallowedDinstructed26AfailedBexistedCflashedDboomed27AshrinkingBdistributingCstabilizingDexpanding28AmiserablyBbarelyCdeliberatelyDslightly29AopponentsBmanufacturersCdelegatesDimmigrants
24、30AemploymentBfashionCpoliticsDeconomy31AlastBtransferCcollapseDtempt32AexploitingBfollowingCdesertingDentitling33AdecentBadditionalCvalidDlimited34AThereforeBBesidesCHoweverDAnyway35AshiftBknowledgeCriseDsuccess四、阅读理解On Monday, a scientist and doctor Robert Winston is to formally ask a question in
25、congress about what assessments the government has made “for requiring adults riding bicycles in city centres to heave a licence and third-party insurance”. The letter below is the entirely imagined response I would like the government to make to him.Dear Robert,You ask what assessments weve made fo
26、r your proposal about obliging cyclists to have licences and insurance. The brief answer is: none. Nor do we have any plans to do so.Why? Again, the short answer is this: its a silly and pointless thing to suggest, as evidenced by the fact that practically no countries or territories anywhere in the
27、 world require cyclists to be licensed, or to have compulsory insurance.I suppose its only fair if I explain why I think it is such a non-issue. Its pretty simple: such a plan would achieve pretty much nothing, while causing significant problems. More widely, any sensible governments will do everyth
28、ing in their power to get more people cycling, not to put pointless obstacles in their way.Lets just take one example. As Im sure you know as a doctor, one of the problems facing our nation is that the National Health System is likely to collapse under the caring for an increasingly overweight popul
29、ation. Inactive living is central to this. Even a fairly brief daily bike trip can have miraculous benefits for peoples health.Next, how would such rules even work? Would the licensing and insurance be just for adults, or also children? How would the system even be enforced-would it also require all
30、 bikes to be registered with number plates?Finally, what would you hope to achieve by this? If you believe licensing transport users stops wrongdoing, can I point to you the data showing how a third of drivers admit to using handheld phones while driving, despite the law forbidding it.So, to summari
31、ze：your plan would be to introduce a hugely new administrative scheme that would most likely have limited effect on the behaviour of averagely law-abiding (守法的) transport users who rarely harm others, while putting people off from this beneficial type of transport.Im afraid I just dont get it.36What
32、 does Robert most probably want to know by asking the question?Awhether the government has made efforts regarding his proposal.Bwhether each bike rider has applied for a third-party insurance.Cwhether the congress has sympathy towards the cyclists.Dwhether doctors can receive the governments support
33、.37What does the author think of the plan proposed by Robert?AIt may raise peoples insurance awareness.BIt can motivate people to obey the law.CIt imitates what other countries are doing.DIt is difficult to implement and enforce.38The example in paragraph 6 is used .Ato draw peoples attention to ove
34、rweight problemsBto prove that cycling can cause problemsCto explain why governments advocate cyclingDto illustrate how broken the NHS is39We can conclude from the passage that the author .Aholds prejudices against Robert WinstonBis a pleasant and good-tempered personChas the right to speak for the
35、governmentDis skilled in argumentative techniquesThis document sets out the display standards for Glasgow Museums. This guide will help exhibition planners provide access to exhibitions in our museums. Glasgow Museums aim is to improve access to collections by having as many items as possible on dis
36、play and without physical barriers. We also try out best to protect these objects without limiting access to them. Object Placement Dont place objects in such a way that they could present a danger to visitors. All object displays, cased or otherwise, must be viewable by all, including people who ar
37、e small in figure or in wheelchairs. Open Display All objects on open display must be secure from theft and damage. All objects identified for potential open display must be viewed and agreed on an object-to-object basis by the Security Manager of the museum.RecommendationsDistanceRecommended distan
38、ce to place objects out of “casual arms 700mm length” (taken from the edge of the object to the edge of any proposed form of barrier)700mm*In some cases, 600mm may be acceptable, provided the plinth height is above 350mm. Cased Objects All cased displays should fall within the general optimum (最优的)
39、viewing band of 750-2000mm. Ensure everything is visually accessible from a wheelchair. Position small objects or those with fine detail in the front part of a case, with larger items behind. Position small items or those with fine detail no higher than 1015mm from floor level. Objects placed above
40、this height are only seen from below by people in wheelchairs or people who are small in figure.40From this passage, we can learn that Glasgow Museums _.Alimit access to exhibitions on a daily basisBare most well-known for its large collectionCmake generous donations to the disabledDgive weight to t
41、he experiences of visitors41According to the guide, objects to be placed on open display must _.Abe equipped with anti-theft systemBbe viewed from a distance of 700mmCreceive approval from the museum firstDfall within arms reach of a standing man42A mother and her 10-year-old son are likely to both
42、feel comfortable in front of a diamond placed in a glass case at the height of _.A1250mmB950mmC650mmD450mmGottfried Wilhelm von Liebniz was a philosopher and mathematician in search of a model. In the late 1600s Leibniz decided there was a need for a new, purer arithmetic than our common decimal（十进制
43、）system. He got his inspiration from the 5000-year-old book that is at the heart of Chinese philosophy：the I-Ching, or Book of Changes.This ancient text was such an influence on Liebniz that he titled his article on the new arithmetic “Explanation of a new arithmetic and the ancient Chinese figure o
44、f Fu X”. Fu Xi was the legendary first author of the I-Ching. The arithmetic that Liebniz described was binary（二进制）code, which is used in almost every modern computer, from iPhones to Chinas own Tihane-2 supercomputer.To figure out what Liebniz learned in the I-Ching, we need to understand something
45、 that most of us have taken for granted. When we listen to an MP3, look at a digital photo or watch the latest TV drama, we are experiencing a digital representation of reality. That representation is basically just a string of binary signals that are commonly known as 1s and 0s. What Liebnizs gaine
46、d from the book was that even the most complex reality could be represented in the binary form as 1s and 0s.In the philosophy of the I-Ching, reality is not entirely real. It is something more like a dream. This dream of reality arises from the binaries of Yin and Yang, as they play out countless co
47、mbinations, practically everything in the universe. Its not surprising then, from the l-Chings perspective, that anything in the dream of reality can be represented in a string of 1s and 0s, processed by a computer.The I-Ching was far more ambitious than the current practical applications of binary code. It is claimed that the I-Ching represents nothing less than the basic situation of human life itself. As a system for predicting the future, the I-Ching might disappoint, but as a way of questioning your own unconscious mind, it
