1、 小升初英语词性汇总（2）五、副词1. 副词是一种用来修饰动词或形容词的词，说明时间、程度、方式等概念。大多数副词都可以放在动词后面。eg. dance beautifully. listen carefully, sit quietly, speak loudly2. 副词的比较级变化规则与形容词比较级基本相同，以 ly 结尾的副词一般用 more.eg. more carefully, more quietly六、数词表示数目多少或顺序多少的词叫数词，数词分为基数词和序数词，表示数目多少的词叫基数词，表示顺序的数词叫序数词。1.基数词(1) 基数词在句中主要用作主语、宾语、定语、表语。eg
2、. Thirty of them are Party members.(主语)-How many would you like?-Three, please.(作宾语)The nine boys are from Tianjing.(定语)Six plus four is ten.(表语)(2) 表示一个具体数字时，hundred, thousand, million 一律不用复数，在表示一个不确定数字时则用复数。eg. Our country has a population of 1,300 million people.1 There are three thousand student
3、s in our school. After the war,thousands of people became homeless. Maize is the mostimportant food crop for millions of people in the world. Theyarrived in twos and threes.2.序数词（1）序数词主要用作定语，前面要加定冠词。eg. The first truck is carrying a foot baskets. John lives on thefifteenth floor.（2）由几个序数词和基数词在拼写时不对应
4、，很容易写错，应特别注意，它们是 one- first, two- second, three- third, five- fifth,eight- eighth, nine- ninth, twelve-twelfth（3）表示年月日时，年用基数词表示，日用序数词表示。eg. 1949 年十月一日，读作: October (the) first, nineteen sixty.2004 年九月十日，读作: September(the) tenth, two thousandand four.（4）表示分数时，分子用基数词，分母用序数词表示。分子大于 1时，分母加 s.eg. three fo
5、urths. one second, two fifths（5）序数词有时用缩写形式first1st, second-2nd, third-3rd. fourth-4th, twenty-second22nd【难点】2 （1） 表示”+”的数词的复数形式可用来表示人的岁数或年代。eg. He is in his early thirties. He died still in his forties. Thistook place in 1930s.（2）表示时刻用基数词. We get up at six. The workers begin towork at eight. 表示“几点过几
6、分”用介词 past, 但须在半小时以内。eg. ten past ten. a quarter past nine. half past twelve. 表示“几点差几分”用介词 to, 但分数必须在半小时以上。eg. twenty to nine. five to eight. a quarter to ten 表示“几点几分”还可直接用基数词。eg. seven fifteen. eleven thirty nine twenty（3）序数词有时前面可加不定冠词来表示“再一”，“又一”这样的意思。eg. We will have to do it a second time. Shall
7、 I ask him a thirdtime?When I sat down, a fourth man rose to speak.【热点题型】例 1 用所给词的正确形式填空。Look! His hands are_(big) than mine.【答案】bigger【解析】看！他的手比我的（手）大，用比较级， big 的比较级是bigger.3 例 2 用所给词的适当形式填空。This skirt is _(expensive) of the three.【答案】 the most expensive【解析】这条裙子是三条中最贵的。用最高级， expensive 的最高级是 most ex
8、pensive.例 3 根据所给汉语完成句子。_ _ exercise you take, _ _(你锻炼越多就会越强壮)you will do.【答案】The more, the stronger【解析】the+比较级，the+比较级，表示”越越”strong 强壮的，其比较级是 stronger.例 4 根据句意选择合适的选项。They Yellow River is one of _ in China. A. the longest riversB. the longer river C. the longest river D. the long river【答案】A【解析】此句意是：
9、黄河是中国最长的河流之一。用最高级，one ofthe longest rivers 最长的河流之一，注意 river 要用复数形式。七、动词这里所说的动词是指各种动词总称，其中包括 be 动词、情态动词、助动词、行为动词。1.be 动词(am, is , are, was, were)1).am-was, is-was, are-were. 口诀：我用 am, 你用 are, is 用在4 他她它，所有复数全用 are.2).肯定和否定句I am (not) from London. He is (not) a teacher. She is (not) in thedinning room
10、. My hair is (not) long. Her eyes are (not) small.3).一般疑问句Am I a Chinese? Yes, you are./ No, you arent. Are theyAmerican? -Yes, they are. / No, they arent. Is the cat fat?-Yes, it is./ No, it isnt.4).be 动词的否定形式：am not(没有缩写形式), are not= arent. is not= isnt. 2.助动词(do, does, did)do, does 用于一般现在时态，其过去式
11、did 用于一般过去时，它们通常用在疑问句和否定句中，它们的否定形式是:do not= dont. does not= doesnt. did not= didnt. 注意：在一般现在时中，does 用于第三人称单数，其余一律用助动词 do;助动词 do, does, did 后面一定要用动词原形。3.情态动词情态动词也是一类特殊的动词，平时我们不把它说成是动词。情态动词可以和行为动词同时出现在同一个句子中。我们现在学过的情态动词有: can, could, shall, should, will, would,may, might, must. 注意：情态动词后动词总是用原形。(不受其他任何
12、条件影响)其否定形式: can not= cant. must not= mustnt5 注意：may not 和 shall not 无缩写形式。4. 行为动词就是我们平时上课时说的动词，表示某一动作或行为。如: sweep, live等。行为动词我们已学过它们的四种形式：原形、第三人称单数+s/es、现在分词(也叫动名词)+ing、 过去式+ed.(1)动词第三人称单数变化规则：A. 一般直接加 s. 如 play-plays, visit-visits, speak- speaks.B. 以 s, x, sh, ch 结尾时，加 es. 如 catch-catches, watch-wa
13、tches.C.以辅音字母 y 结尾时，变 y 为 i 再加 es. 如 carry- carries.study- studies.(2)现在分词(动名词)构成规则：A. 一般直接加 ing. 如 go- going, do- doing, look- looking.B.以不发音的 e 结尾的单词，去 e 加 ing, 如 take-taking,make-making, have-havingC. 以重读闭音节结尾的词，如末尾只有一个辅音字母，需要双写这个字母再加 ing. 如 put-putting, stop- stopping, run-running,get-getting, s
14、wim-swimming, sit-sitting, begin-beginning,jog-jogging, forget-forgetting.(3)过去式构成规则:A. 一般直接加 ed, 如 plant-planted, visit- visited, pick-picked.B. 以不发音字母 e 结尾，直接加 ed. 如 like- liked, hope-hoped,6 taste- tasted.C.以辅音字母 y 结尾时，变 y 为 i 再加 ed. 如 try- tried,carry-carried, study-studied.D.有些动词要双写最后一个字母，再加 ed
15、. 如 stop-stopped.是-am(be)- was- being. 是 are(be)-were- being. 是 be-was,were, being成 为 become- became- becoming. 开 始 begin-began-beginning买 buy- bought- buying . 来 come-came- coming.捕捉 catch- caught- catching 选择 choose- chose- choosing.忘记 forget- forgot- forgetting. 画 draw- drew- drawing得到 get- got-
16、getting. 给 give- gave- giving. 走 go-went-going知道 know- knew- knowing 学习 learn- learned- learning制造 make- made- making 跑 run- ran- running 说 say- said-saying看见 see- saw- seeing 睡觉 sleep- slept- sleeping说 speak- spoke- speaking 度过 spend- spent- spending八、介词1.一种虚词，不能单独作句子成分，它只有跟它后面的宾语一起构成介词短语，才能在句子中起作用
17、。有: in, on, under, with, behind,about, near, before, after, for, to, up, down, from, in front of,7 out of, fromto, at the back of. 2.表示时间的介词有: at, on,in(1) at 表示在某一个具体的时间点上，或用在固定词组中，如 at ten oclock, at 9:30 a.m. at night, at the weekend.(2) on 表示在某日或某日的时间段。如 on Friday, on the first of October. on Mo
18、nday morning.(3) in 表示在某一段时间（月份、季节）里，如 in the afternoon, in September, in summer, in 2005.in 一词还有其他的固定搭配。如 in blue(穿着蓝色的衣服 ), inEnglish(用英语表达), take part in(参加).九、连词连词有两种：并列连接词和从属连接词。1. 并列连接词连接并列的词、短语、从句或句子。常见的并列连接词有: and, but, or, nor, so, however, for, as well as, bothandnot only but also, eithero
19、r, neithernor2.从属连接词用于引导从句，常见的从属连接词有 : when, while,after, before, since, until, although, though, if, as, asas, asfar as, as long as, in order that, as soon as, even if, because,unless, than, whether, sothat, so that, now that, by thetime, every time, as if, no matter when(whenever), no matterwhere(
20、wherever)连词的辩析8 1).because, as, since, for 的用法： because(因为)，表示原因的语气最强，常用于必然的因果关系，从句一般放在主句后面；另外，回答 why 的问句只能用 because, as(因为)表示一般的因果关系，语气比 because 弱，说明比较明显的原因，它引导的从句可以放在句首也可以放在句尾。since(既然)表示对方已经知道，无需加以说明的原因或事实。for(因为)是并列连词，语气较弱，用来补充说明理由或提供一种解释。如He is not at school today because he is seriously ill. 他
21、今天没有上学因为他病得厉害I will ask Lin Tao to go with me since you are very busy. 既然你很忙我就叫林涛和我一起去吧。As all of you have got here, now, lets go to the zoo. 既然大伙儿都到了我们就去动物园吧。We must be off now for the match starts at 7:00.我们得走了因为比赛在七点开始。2) though 与 although 的区别：两个词都可以表示“虽然”，均不可以与 but 同时使用，但在句中可加 still 或 yet 连用。alt
22、hough“尽管，虽然”仅作连词，比较正式，一般可以换为 thoug; though”虽然，尽管，即使”，还可以与 even 连用(evenif),表示“即使，纵然”，作副词时意思是“然而，不过”，不能放在句首，如：He passed the exams although illness prevented him from9 going to classes. 尽管疾病使他无法上课，但是他还是通过了考试。She wont leave the TV set even though her husband iswaiting for her for the supper. 她不愿意离开电视机虽然
23、丈夫在等她吃饭。It was a quiet party, I had a good time, though. 这是个不热闹的聚会，尽管如此我还是玩得很开心。【热点题型】例 1 用 be 动词的适当形式填空。Whose socks _ they?【答案】are【解析】socks 常用于复数，所以动词也要用复数 are.例 2 用适当的助动词填空。-What _ she _ at the weekends?-She usually plays games with her friends.【答案】doesdo【解析】此句是一般现在时态，主语是第三人称单数，所以疑问句要借助于助动词 does,
24、后面的动词用原形，What does she do at theweekends?周末她做什么？例 3 选择正确答案。How many books_ you see on the desk?A. may B. can C. should【答案】B10 【解析】此句意是：在桌子上你能看到几本书？can 能。例 4 用所给代词的适当形式填空。I _ to school from Monday to Friday. My brother often _to school with me. Yesterday we _ to school together. Welike _ to school very much. (go)【答案】go; goes; went; going【解析】第一句：我从周一到周五去上学，表示经常性的动作，用一般现在时态，填 go; 第二句：我哥哥经常和我一起去上学，一般现在时，主语是第三人称单数，所以要用 goes; 第三句：昨天我们一起去上学，一般过去时态，go 的过去式是 went; 第四句：我们非常喜欢去上学，like doing sth.喜欢做某事，填 going.11
