Unit 4 History and Traditions Reading and Thinking （ppt课件+音频）(002)-2023新人教版（2019）《高中英语》必修第二册.rar

1.Sowhatisthedifferencebetweenthem,ifany?那么那么，如果这些名称有区别的话，区别何在？如果这些名称有区别的话，区别何在？ifany是省略句，其完整形式是省略句，其完整形式为为ifthereisanydifference。ifso如果如果是这样的话是这样的话ifnot如果如果不是这样；不然，否则不是这样；不然，否则ifnecessary如果如果有必要的话有必要的话ifpossible如果如果可能的话可能的话ifever如果如果曾经有曾经有的话的话e.g.Correcttheerrorsinthefollowingsentences,ifany.【链接链接】【语境应用语境应用】完成完成句子。句子。1)Areyouready?_(如果没有的话如果没有的话),Imgoingwithoutyou.2)Illhelpyouwithouthesitation_(若是有必若是有必要要).3)Problems,_(如果有的话如果有的话),shouldbesolvedassoonaspossible.ifnotifnecessaryifany2.Inthe16thcentury,thenearbycountryofWaleswasjoinedtotheKingdomofEngland.十六世纪时，邻国威尔士并入英格兰王国。十六世纪时，邻国威尔士并入英格兰王国。nearbyadj.notfaraway附近附近的；邻近的的；邻近的e.g.Theyboughtsomefruitfromanearbystore.他们他们在附近的商店买了一些水果。在附近的商店买了一些水果。nearbyadv.在附近在附近e.g.Danfoundworkononeofthefarmsnearby.丹丹在附近的一个农场里找到了工作。在附近的一个农场里找到了工作。3.Finally,inthe20thcentury,thesouthernpartofIrelandbrokeawayfromtheUK,whichresultedinthefullnamewehavetoday.最后，在二十世纪时，爱尔兰南部脱离了联合王国，形成了今最后，在二十世纪时，爱尔兰南部脱离了联合王国，形成了今天的英国全称。天的英国全称。breakaway(fromsb/sth)：toseparateorbecomeseparatefromalargergroup,country,etc.脱离脱离；逃脱；逃脱e.g.Threemembersofthebandbrokeawayandformedtheirowngroup.三三个成员脱离了乐队，创建了自己的组合。个成员脱离了乐队，创建了自己的组合。Which引引导非限制性定非限制性定语从句，指代整个主句内容。从句，指代整个主句内容。break短语短语breakarecord打破纪录打破纪录breakoff突然突然停止；中断停止；中断(谈判谈判)breakdown失败失败；(机器、车辆机器、车辆)坏了坏了breaktheice打破打破僵局；打破冷场局面僵局；打破冷场局面breakinto破门而入破门而入breakout突发；爆发突发；爆发breakthrough突破；突围突破；突围breakup打碎；分裂打碎；分裂【拓展拓展】3)Scientiststhinktheyarebeginningto_inthefightagainstcancer.科学家认为他们在对抗癌症的研究中开始有所突破。科学家认为他们在对抗癌症的研究中开始有所突破。4)Theboy_hismotherandranaway.男孩挣脱他的母亲跑开了。男孩挣脱他的母亲跑开了。【语境应用语境应用】完成句子。完成句子。1)Thethieves_andstolesomemoney.小偷闯入办公室，偷了一些钱。小偷闯入办公室，偷了一些钱。2)Negotiationsbetweenthetwosides_.双方谈判失败了。双方谈判失败了。brokeintotheofficehavebrokendownbreakthroughbrokeawayfrom4.ThefourcountriesthatbelongtotheUnitedKingdomworktogetherinsomeareas.同属于联合王国的这四个国家在某些领域紧密合作。同属于联合王国的这四个国家在某些领域紧密合作。belongvi.ifsthbelongssomewhere,thatistherightplaceorsituationforit应应在（某处）；适应在（某处）；适应e.g.Putthechairbackwhereitbelongs.把把椅子放回原处椅子放回原处。belongto:ifsthbelongstosb,theyownit属于属于(不用于进行时态和被动语态不用于进行时态和被动语态)e.g.ThebookbelongstoDan.这这本书本书是是Dan的的。【拓展】【拓展】belongingsn.(pl.)财产财产;所有物所有物;财物财物personalbelongings个个人财物人财物1)Firstofall,uniformshelptheschoollooksmart.Thestudentsfeelsthatthey_(属于属于)aparticulargroup.2)Haveyouever_(是这支足球队是这支足球队的成员吗的成员吗)?belongtobelongedtothisfootballteam【语境应用语境应用】完成句子完成句子。5.Theyusethesameflag,knownastheUnionJack,aswellassharethesamecurrencyandmilitarydefence.像拥有同样的货币和国防一样，他们也使用同一面国旗。像拥有同样的货币和国防一样，他们也使用同一面国旗。aswellas:andinaddition同同（一样也）；和；还（一样也）；和；还aswellas连接两个并列的主语时连接两个并列的主语时,谓语动词谓语动词应与应与aswellas前前面的主语面的主语在人称和数上保持一致。在人称和数上保持一致。e.g.Theeditorsaswellastheauthorareworkingovertime.Theathleteaswellashisteammatesisworkingoutinthestadiumnow.UnionJack=Unionflag英国国旗英国国旗过去分去分词短短语作后置定作后置定语，修，修饰thesameflag【链接链接】aswellas：inadditionto除除之外之外e.g.AswellasknowingsomeRussian,shespeaksEnglishverywell.【语境应用语境应用】翻译句子。翻译句子。1)电既可以变为声能，又可以变为光能。电既可以变为声能，又可以变为光能。2)你别指望她除了照顾孩子外你别指望她除了照顾孩子外,还做家务活还做家务活。Electricenergycanbechangedintolightenergyaswellasintosoundenergy.Youcannotexpecthertodothehouseworkaswellaslookafterthechildren.denfencen.protectionorsupportagainstattack,criticismorinfection防御防御；保卫；保卫e.g.Thetowerswereonceanimportantpartofthecitysdefences.那些那些高塔曾经是该市防御体系中重要的高塔曾经是该市防御体系中重要的组成部分组成部分。indefenceof.保卫保卫；为；为辩护辩护inonesdefence为某人辩护为某人辩护cometoonesdefence出来保护某人出来保护某人【拓展】【拓展】e.g.Theytookuparmsindefenceoftheircountry.他们他们拿起武器保卫祖国拿起武器保卫祖国。Imustsayinherdefencethatshestudiesveryhard.我必须为她说句话，她学习十分努力我必须为她说句话，她学习十分努力。WhenSharonsbrotherwascriticized,shecametohisdefence.当当Sharon的弟弟受到批评后，她出来保护他。的弟弟受到批评后，她出来保护他。【语境应用语境应用】单项填空。单项填空。1)Mr.Brownstoodup_the16-year-oldboy,sayingthathewasnottheonetoblameforthefire.A.insearchofB.forfearofC.bymeansofD.indefenceof2)Contrarytomostpeoplesexpectations,SternputDirk_theresearchteam.A.inpreferenceofB.inchargeofC.indefenceofD.inhonourofDB6.Forexample,England,Wales,Scotland,andNorthernIrelandallhavedifferenteducationsystemsandlegalsystems.例如，英格兰、威尔士、苏格兰及北爱尔兰实行不同的教育和例如，英格兰、威尔士、苏格兰及北爱尔兰实行不同的教育和法律制度。法律制度。legaladj.ifsthislegal,youareallowedtodoitorhavetodoitbylaw法律法律允许的，合法的允许的，合法的e.g.legalaction/proceedings法律诉讼法律诉讼Whatthecompanyhasdoneisperfectlylegal.公司公司所做的这一切完全是合法的。所做的这一切完全是合法的。【拓展拓展】illegaladj.notallowedbythelaw违法违法的的e.g.Itisillegaltoselltobaccotosomeoneunder18.出售出售烟草给烟草给18岁岁以下以下者者是违法的。是违法的。7.AlmosteverywhereyougointheUK,youwillbesurroundedbyevidenceoffourdifferentgroupsofpeoplewhotookoveratdifferenttimesthroughouthistory.英国历史上有四个不同民族在不同历史时期执掌这个国家。英国历史上有四个不同民族在不同历史时期执掌这个国家。无论你身处英国何方，这些民族的遗迹都随处可见。无论你身处英国何方，这些民族的遗迹都随处可见。surroundvt.tobeallaroundsborsthoneveryside围绕围绕，环绕，包围，环绕，包围besurroundedby/with周围周围都是都是surround.with.用用把把围住围住surroundoneselfwith喜欢喜欢身边总有身边总有【链接链接】surroundingadj.周围周围的，附近的的，附近的surroundingsn.环境环境e.g.Earlythismorning,armedpolicesurroundedahousewhichtheythoughtcontainedanescapedprisoner.Theyhavesurroundedthepoolwithafence.Ilikethehousesurroundedby/withtreesandflowers.Mrs.Whitelikestosurroundherselfwithbeautifulthings.【语境应用语境应用】用用surround的适当形式填空。的适当形式填空。1)Lucywassittingonthefloor_bytoys.2)Wedecidedtoexplorethe_countryside.3)Whenhecamebacktolife,hefoundhimself_byenemysoldiers.4)Itsimportanttoworkinfriendly_.surroundedsurroundedsurroundingsurroundings8.TheyconqueredEnglandafterthewell-knownBattleofHastingsinthe11thcentury.十一世纪著名的黑斯廷斯战役之后，他们十一世纪著名的黑斯廷斯战役之后，他们(诺曼人诺曼人)征服了英征服了英格兰。格兰。battlen.afightbetweenarmedforces战役战役；搏斗；搏斗e.g.Hersonwaskilledinbattle.她她儿子在战斗中阵亡。儿子在战斗中阵亡。battlev.totryveryhardtoachievesththatisdifficultordangerous搏斗搏斗；奋斗；奋斗e.g.Shehadbattledagainstcancer.她她勇敢地与癌症抗争。勇敢地与癌症抗争。【拓展拓展】along/lengthybattle持久的战争持久的战争atough/hardbattle艰难的斗争艰难的斗争win/loseabattle打赢打赢/输掉一场仗输掉一场仗acceptabattle应战应战battleagainst/with与与战战斗斗battlefor为为而战，为而战，为而奋斗而奋斗9.ThecapitalcityLondonisagreatplacetostart,asitisanancientportcitythathasahistorydatingallthewaybacktoRomantimes.as引引导的原因状的原因状语从句从句that引引导的定的定语从句，修从句，修饰anancientportcity现在分在分词短短语作后置定作后置定语，修，修饰ahistory句意：句意：以首都伦敦为第一站，是个不错的选择。伦敦是一个以首都伦敦为第一站，是个不错的选择。伦敦是一个古老的港口城市，其历史可以追溯到罗马时代。古老的港口城市，其历史可以追溯到罗马时代。10.Ifyoukeepyoureyesopen,youwillbesurprisedtofindthatyoucanseebothitspastanditspresent.用心去观察，英国的过去与现在都将展示在你面前，令你叹用心去观察，英国的过去与现在都将展示在你面前，令你叹为观止。为观止。keepyoureyesopen(for):keepaneyeon留心留心；留意；留意e.g.Keepyoureyesopenforaboyinaredcapandcoat.留意留意一下一个戴着红色帽子、穿着红色外套的男孩一下一个戴着红色帽子、穿着红色外套的男孩。Ifyoukeepyoureyesopen,youwilllearnalot.如果你留意观察，你会学到更多。如果你留意观察，你会学到更多。【拓展拓展】keep短语短语keepup坚持坚持；维持；维持keepupwith跟上跟上,不落在不落在后面后面;了解了解;保持保持联系联系keepoff挡住挡住;(使使)避开避开keepon继续继续(干干);坚持坚持(干干)keepback退缩退缩；隐瞒；阻止；隐瞒；阻止keepsb.from(doing)sth.阻止阻止某人做某事某人做某事keepout把把关在外面；阻止；不参加关在外面；阻止；不参加1)Billhadtoworkhardto_.2)Employeesneedto_thelatesttechnicaldevelopments.3)Youjusthaveto_trying.Thenyouwillsucceed.4)Igotthefeelinghewas_something_.5)IhopeIhavent_you_yourwork.keepupkeepupwithkeeponbackfromkeepingkept【语境应用语境应用】用用keep短语的适当形式填空。短语的适当形式填空。keepup(with),keepon,keepback,keepfromUnit4HISTORYANDTRADITIONSLearnaboutacountrythroughitshistory1.ToreadaboutthehistoryandtraditionsoftheUK2.TobeabletogiveabriefintroductiontotheUK3.TodebateonwhetheritsimportanttostudythehistoryandcultureofacountrybeforevisitingitWatchthevideoandlearnabouttheUK.GreatBritaintheUnitedKingdomItsfullnameistheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland,commonlyknownastheUK.WhatistheUKfamousfor?WhatcomestoyourmindwhenyouthinkoftheUK?ThecountrysprincipaltouristdestinationsareinLondon,withtheTowerofLondonbeingthesinglemostvisitedattractioninthecountry.TheUnitedKingdomisoneoftheworldsbiggesttouristdestination.TheBritishMuseumwasbuiltin1735.Ithasacollectionofatleast8millionobjects,includingsomeofitsmostworld-famousartefacts,suchastheRosettaStone,EgyptianmummiesandtheElginmarbles.TheBritishMuseumDoyouknowanytouristattractionsinLondon?TowerofLondonTheTowerofLondonisanancientfortressandhistoricmonumentincentralLondon.TheTowersprimaryfunctionwasafortress(堡垒堡垒),aroyalpalace,andaprison,particularlyfornobleandroyalprisoners.TowerBridgeTowerBridge,whichwasbuiltfrom1886to1894,isabridgeacrosstheThamesinLondon,famousforitstwintowersandforthetwobascules(可以升降的竖旋桥可以升降的竖旋桥)ofwhichtheroadwayconsists,abletobeliftedtoallowthepassageoflargeships.TowerBridgeTowerofLondonTowerBridgeisclosetotheTowerofLondon,fromwhichittakesitsname.Ithasbecomeaniconicsymbol(象征符号象征符号)ofLondon.someothertouristattractionsBigBenBuckinghamPalaceStPaulsCathedralNationalGalleryWindsorCastleHydeParkLookatthemap,canyoutellmewhattypeofmapitis?Whatisitusedfor?Whatdothedifferentsymbols(e.g.icons,circles,spots)andcoloursstandfor?Discussthequestionsinpairs.When you look at a map,think first about what it shows and what the map shows and what the symbols mean.ThemapshowstheBritishIsles,theislandswhichmakeuptheGreatBritain(England,Scotland,andWales)andIreland(IrelandandNorthernIreland).ItisusedtoshowthefourdifferentcountriesthatmakeuptheUKandsomeofthemajorcities.Thesmallcirclesstandforbigcities,theredspotstandsforthecapitalanddifferentcoloursstandfordifferentregionsorcountries.Whatmessagecanyougetfromthetitle“WHATSINANAME”?Whatmight“aname”herereferto?Whatdoyouexpecttoreadinthepassage?Readthetextandgetthemainideaofit.AbriefintroductiontotheUKaboutitsfoundationanddevelopmentbasedongeography,historyandculture,etc.Matcheachpartofthetextwithitsmainidea.1.Part1(Para.1)A.Originsofthenames2.Part2(Para.2)B.AdvantagesofstudyingthehistoryoftheUK3.Part3(Para.3)C.ComparisonofthefourcountriesoftheUK4.Part4(Paras.4-5)D.Introductionofthetopic.1.WhatarethefourcountriesoftheUnitedKingdom?Whichtwowerethefirsttobejoinedtogether?ThefourcountriesoftheUnitedKingdomareEngland,Wales,Scotland,andNorthernIreland.EnglandandWaleswerethefirsttwotobejoinedtogether.Readthetextandanswerthequestions.2.Accordingtothetext,whataretwochiefadvantagesofstudyingthehistoryofacountry?Thetwochiefadvantagesofstudyingthehistoryofacountryaretohelpyouunderstandmoreaboutthecountryanditstraditionsandtomakevisitingitmoreenjoyable.Readagaintocompletethetimeline:20thcentury11thcentury16thcentury18thcentury19thcenturyRomansarrivedAnglo-SaxonscameVikingscame1stcentury5thcentury8thcenturyNormanscameWaleswasjoinedScotlandwasjoinedIrelandwasaddedSouthernIrelandbrokeawaySortouttheinformationaccordingtothetimeline.WhenWhathappened?Whatchanged?RomansarrivedAnglo-SaxonscameVikingscame1stcentury5thcentury8thcenturytownsandroadslanguageandwayhouseswerebuiltvocabularyandnamesoflocationsacrosstheUKWhenWhathappened?Whatchanged?11thcentury16thcentury/18thcenturyNormansconqueredEnglandaftertheBattleofHastingscastlesbuilt,legalsystemchanged,andnewwordsfromFrenchintroducedWaleswasjoinedtoKingdomofEnglandScotlandwasjoinedtoEnglandandWales“KingdomofGreatBritain”formed/createdWhenWhathappened?Whatchanged?19thcentury20thcenturyIrelandwasaddedthesouthernpartofIrelandbrokeaway“UnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandIreland”formed/creatednamechangedto“UnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland”ReadPara.3carefullyandfindthesameanddifferentareasofthefourcountriesoftheUK.ThefourcountriesThesameareasThedifferentareasEnglandWalesScotlandNorthernIrelandflag,currency,militarydefenceeducationsystem,legalsystem,tradition(nationalday,nationaldish),footballteamReadpara.5anddecidewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrue(T)orfalse(F).1.TheUKhasaninterestinghistoryandrichculture.()2.ThehistoryofLondondatesbacktoAnglo-Saxontimes.()3.ThemixofhistoryandmodernculturemakestheUKattractive.()A:IcanneverrememberwhattheUKmeans!TheresEngland,Britain,_GreatBritain!B:Well,ithelpsifyourememberthattherearefourcountriesthat_theUK.ThatswhyitscalledtheUnitedKingdom.CompletetheconversationabouttheUKusingthephrasesintheircorrectforms.aswellas,belongto,addto,jointo,breakaway,keepyoureyesopenaswellasbelongtoA:Fourcountries?Imusthavebeenasleepinthatpartofourhistoryclass!SothefirstcountrywasEngland,andtheotherswere_that?B:Yes,right.FirstEngland,thenWales,thenScotland.ThelastcountrywasIreland,butlaterthesouthernhalfdidntwanttobe_theUnitedKingdom.joinedtoaddedtoaswellas,belongto,addto,jointo,breakaway,keepyoureyesopenA:Oh,Iremembernow!Thesouthernpart_fromNorthernIreland,right?B:Yes,yougotitwellremembered!But_inhistoryclassnexttime!brokeawaykeepyoureyesopenaswellas,belongto,addto,jointo,breakaway,keepyoureyesopenWriteasummaryofthetextaccordingtotheclues.Wales,Scotland,Ireland,breakaway,theRomans,theAnglo-Saxons,theVikingstheNormans,LondonInthe16thcentury,WalesbecamepartoftheKingdomofEngland.LaterScotlandjoinedcreatingtheKingdomofGreatBritain.TheadditionofIrelandcreatedtheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandIreland.ThebreakingawayofthesouthernpartofIrelandinthe20thcenturyresultedintheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland,whichmostpeoplecalltheUK,BritainorGreatBritain.IntheUK,evidenceoffourancientpeoplescanbefound.TheRomansinthe1stcenturybuilttownsandroads.AfterwardstheAnglo-SaxonsintroducedthebeginningsoftheEnglishlanguage.ThentheVikingsbroughtnewvocabularyandplacenames.Lastly,theNormansinthe11thcenturybuiltcastles,changedthelegalsystemandbroughtFrenchwords.AgoodplacetostartlearningabouttheUKshistoryisLondon,wherepastandpresentmeet.Discussthequestionsingroups:1.Isitnecessaryforvisitorstostudythehistoryandcultureofacountrybeforevisitingit?Why?Wedbetterknowaboutthehistoryandculture,because.Inmyopinion,.Ithinkthat.Inaword,.Itsunnecessarytoprepareanyculturalbackground,because.Webelievethat.ImafraidIdisagree,Allinall,.VSStudyingacountryshistoryandculturebeforevisitingitisimportantbecauseitwillhelpyouunderstandtheplacebetterandhaveamoreenjoyableexperience.Youwillbeabletointeractbetterwiththepeopleandtheircultureandhavearicherexperience.2.WhatimportantthingsshouldvisitorsknowaboutbeforetheycometoChina?VisitorstoChinashouldknowsomethingaboutthehistoryofthecountryandabouttheculturaltraditionsoftheareabeingvisited,suchasthefoodeaten,orfestivalscelebratedthere.把把和和连接或联结起来连接或联结起来脱离；背叛；逃脱脱离；背叛；逃脱属于属于同（一样也）；和；还同（一样也）；和；还留心；留意留心；留意jointobreakaway(fromsb/sth)belongtoaswellaskeepyoureyesopen(for)MakeabookletforforeignvisitorscomingtoChinawithcontentsbelow:What important things should they know about before the trip?What do they need to pay attention to in order to avoid cultural conflict?How can they find information about Chinese culture on the Internet?