1、Discovering useful structuresBy the end of this period,you will be able to 1.master the usages of model verbs;2.identify the different functions of model verbs;3.use model verbs to express proper meanings in conversations.4.master the usages of the past future tense;5.use the past future tense freel
2、y to talk about future events or intentions in the past.Lead-inCANCOULDMAYMIGHTMUSTWILLWOULDSHALLSHOULDOUGHT TOLead-inpossibilityabilityadviceobligationpossibilitypermissionformalinformalLets learn Modal verbs have many functions,including the following ones.Lets learn Find modal verbs in previous s
3、ections and discuss their functions.1.It may seem lucky to you but not to me!2.Youd better not open it.3.You cant open it until two oclock.4.Would you step inside a moment,please?5.You mustnt think we dont care about you.6.Could you offer me work here?7.They shouldnt be making a bet on him.necessity
4、possibilityobligationrequestadviceintentionModal Verbs(1)TypeModal VerbsExampleAbilitycan,could David can speak three languages.He could speak fluent French when he was 5.Permissioncan,could,may Can I sit in that chair please?Could I open the window?May I borrow your dictionary?Adviceshould You shou
5、ld visit your dentist at least twice a year.You should try to lose weight.Modal Verbs(2)TypeModal VerbsExampleObligationmust,have to I must memorize all of these rules about tenses.You have to take off your shoes before you get into the mosque.Possibilitymight,may,could,can It looks nice,but it migh
6、t be very expensive.Richard may be coming to see us tomorrow.一、情态动词的基本用法（一）can/could的用法1表示能力，意为“能，会”。Many people can use the computer.许多人会用电脑。No one could answer this challenging question.没人能回答这个具有挑战性的问题。Explanation2表示客观或理论上的可能性。It can be very hot here in summer.这里夏天有时会很热。Accidents can happen to any
7、 drunken driver.醉酒的司机都有可能发生交通事故。3表示请求或允许。在疑问句中could可以代替can，语气更委婉。Could I have a word with you?It wont take long.我可以和你谈谈吗？不会花很多时间的。4表示推测，意为“可能”，用于否定句和疑问句。can比could语气强。He cant be our manager.He has gone to Beijing.他不可能是我们经理。我们经理已经去北京了。He cant have left.His coat is here.他不可能已经走了。他的外套还在这里。（二）may/might的用
8、法1表示请求和许可。在疑问句中might可以代替may，语气更加委婉。Might I ask for a picture of your little daughter?Yes,you may.我可以要一张你小女儿的照片吗？是的，可以。2表示推测，意为“或许，可能”，通常用于肯定句和否定句。might比may语气弱。I dont really like James.Why did you invite him?Dont worry.He might not come.He said he wasnt certain what his plans were.我真的不喜欢詹姆斯。为什么你邀请他？别
9、担心，他或许不会来。他说他还不能确定他的计划。3表示祝愿，常用结构为“May主语动词原形！”May you be happy every day!愿你快乐每一天！（三）must的用法1表示“必须”，语气强烈。have to表示“不得不”，意义与must相近，但又有所区别。must表示说话人的主观看法，have to则强调客观需要；must只有一种形式，而have to有人称、时态等方面的变化。Shall I inform him of the change of the schedule right now?I am afraid you must,in case he comes late
10、for the meeting.我该马上通知他日程改了吗？我想你必须（通知他），以免他开会迟到。I have to go now,because my mother is in hospital.我现在不得不走了，因为我母亲在住院。2表示推测，意为“一定”，用于肯定句。Someone must have used my umbrella yesterday.I found it wet.昨天一定有人用了我的雨伞，我发现它湿了。3意为“偏要，非要不可”。If you must go,at least wait until the storm is over.如果你非要走，至少要等到暴风雨停止。4
11、mustnt表示禁止，意为“不得，不允许；一定不要”。That car is my property;you mustnt use it without my permission.那辆车是我的财产，你必须得到我的允许才能使用。（四）shall的用法1用于第一、三人称疑问句中，表示说话人征求对方的意见。Shall we put off the sports meet till next month?我们能否将运动会推迟到下个月？Shall Tom go there with me tomorrow?明天汤姆可以和我一起去那里吗？2用于第二、三人称陈述句中，表示说话人的命令、警告、威胁、允诺、决
12、心等；或用于条约、规定、法令、法律等，意为“必须”。You shall be punished for what you have done.你必须为你的所作所为受到惩罚。（五）should/ought to的用法1should表示责任、义务、劝告、建议等，意为“应该”。We should be strict with ourselves.我们对自己应该严格要求。2should表示出乎意料的口气，意为“竟然，居然”。Such a gentleman should do that.这样一位绅士竟然会做那种事。3ought to表示义务或责任，意为“应该”，语气比should稍重。You ough
13、t not to be late for such an important meeting.这么重要的会议你不应该迟到的。4should和ought to表示推测，指预期的可能性，意为“应该，估计”。She promised to come by 10 oclock.She should/ought to be here at any moment.她答应10点之前来的。她随时都可能来到。（六）will/would的用法1表示意愿、意志、决心。will指现在，would指过去。I will never talk to him again.我再也不愿意和他说话了。Why didnt you c
14、ome to Simons party last night?I wanted to,but my mom simply would not let me out so late at night.为什么你昨天晚上没来参加西蒙的聚会？我想去参加，但只是我妈妈不愿意让我那么晚出去。2表示征求意见或提出请求，多用于第二人称疑问句中。would比will语气委婉。Would you mind opening the window for me?请你给我打开窗户好吗？3表示习惯性动作、固有属性、必然趋势，意为“总是，习惯于”。will指现在，would指过去。Every morning he will
15、 always have a walk along this river.每天早晨，他总会沿着小河散步。Mum would tell us stories before we went to bed.过去在我们上床睡觉前，妈妈总给我们讲故事。4表示功能，意为“能，可以”，常用于否定句。The door wont open.这门打不开。（七）need的用法作情态动词时，need没有人称和时态的变化，后接动词原形，一般用于否定句或疑问句中。其否定形式是在其后直接加not，疑问形式是直接将need提到主语前。由need构成的一般疑问句，其肯定回答用must。You neednt be told tw
16、ice about one single thing.同一件事不必对你说两遍。Need I tell him everything thats happened to his parents?Yes,you must./No,you neednt.我有必要告诉他有关他父母发生的一切吗？是的，必须。/不，没必要。need还可以作实义动词，此时有人称和数的变化，后面可跟名词、带to的不定式或动名词等作宾语，其否定形式、疑问形式都要通过助动词do构成。Plants need light in order to survive.植物存活必须有光照。Do I need to leave my telep
17、hone number and address?我有必要把电话号码和地址留下吗？You dont need to hand in your compositions today.你们今天不必交作文。（八）dare的用法1dare可用实义动词和情态动词，用作情态动词时，意思是“敢”，其后接动词原形，通常只用于否定句或疑问句以及if或whether之后，一般不用于肯定句：Dare you tell her the truth?你敢告诉她事实真相吗？I dont know whether he dare try.我不知他是否敢试一试。I darent ask her for a rise.我不敢要求
18、她加薪。I dare say 是习惯说法（用于肯定句），并不一定要译为“我敢说”，它所表示的是一种不肯定的语气，常译为“很可能”“大概”“我想”等，有时用作反语：I dare say(that)you are right.我想你是对的。Oh,you mean to win?I dare say you will.啊，你想打赢？我且看你赢吧。2dare用作实义动词时意为“敢于”，可以有各种词形变化，可用于各类句型（肯定句、否定句、疑问句及各类从句等），其后多接带 to 的不定式，有时 to 也可省去（尤其是在否定句或疑问句中），可用于非谓语形式、完成时态等：We must dare to thi
19、nk,speak and act.我们必须敢想、敢说、敢做。I wonder how he dared(to)say such things.我纳闷他怎么竟敢说出这样的话来。Did he dare(to)tell her?他敢告诉她吗？We dont dare(to)say anything.我们什么也不敢说。The boy stood before the teacher,not daring to look up.这个小男孩站在老师面前不敢抬头。Ive never dared(to)ask her.我从来不敢问她。The Past Future Tense(1)过去将来时表示在过去某一时间
20、将要发生的动作或存在的状态。过去将来时表示在过去某一时间将要发生的动作或存在的状态。过去将来时常在主句谓语动词为过去时态的宾语从句中。过去将来时常在主句谓语动词为过去时态的宾语从句中。过去将来时句子中有时包含时间状语过去将来时句子中有时包含时间状语the next day、soon等。等。They said the letter inside would explain what it was all about.他们说里面的信会解释所有的事情。他们说里面的信会解释所有的事情。The director said he would meet the famous actor the next d
21、ay.导演说他会在第二天与那天著名男演员见面。导演说他会在第二天与那天著名男演员见面。The Past Future Tense(2)过去将来时的基本结构是过去将来时的基本结构是“would+动词原形动词原形”，否定式是在，否定式是在would后面加后面加not.Jeff knew he would be tired the next day.杰夫知道他第二天会很累。杰夫知道他第二天会很累。He promised that he would not open the letter until 2 oclock.他许诺两点钟之前不会打开信。他许诺两点钟之前不会打开信。The Past Futur
22、e Tense(3)be going to、be about to等结构也用在过去将来时中。等结构也用在过去将来时中。They were going to find someone to take part in their best when they saw Henry walking on the street outside.他们正准备找一个人来参与他们的赌局，这时，他们看到亨利走在他们正准备找一个人来参与他们的赌局，这时，他们看到亨利走在外面的大街上。外面的大街上。Mrs.Thomson was about to sit down to watch the opera when he
23、r phone rang.汤姆森夫人刚要坐下看剧的时候，她的电话响了。汤姆森夫人刚要坐下看剧的时候，她的电话响了。1.One good turn deserves(值得值得)another.If someone does something nice for you,you _ do something nice in return.2.Hope for the best,but prepare for the worst.Bad things might happen,so you _ be prepared.3.Theres no such thing as a free lunch.Th
24、ings that are offered for free _ have a hidden cost.Practiceshould Activity1-Fill in the blanks with suitable modal verbs.had bettermust4.God helps those who help themselves.You _(not)just wait for good things to happen to you.Work hard to achieve your goals.5.Beggars cant be choosers.If you are ask
25、ing for something from others,you _ take whatever they give you.Practiceshouldntmust1.The clerk in the consulate told Henry that they _(not,give,a loan).2.Henry entered the gentlemens house,wondering if they _(offer,a job).3.The gentlemen said that Henry _(know,everything)in an hour and a half.was n
26、ot going to give a loan to himPracticewould offer him a jobwould know everythingActivity2-Complete the sentence with would,was/were going to,and the words in brackets.4.Henry _(explain why,not pay,the bill)right away when the waiter became impatient.5.The owner of the tailors shop never thought he _
27、(hold,such a large note).6.After one month,Henry went to see the gentlemen with Portia.He _(give back,note).was going to explain why he wasnt pay the billPracticewould hold such a large notewas going to give back the note In the film The Million Pound Bank Note,Henry Adams is stuck in a foreign coun
28、try without money and friends,and with nowhere to stay.While this situation _ seem unusual,it can sometimes happen to traveler.In case it happens to you on trip abroad,what _ you do?First,and most importantly,you _ stay calm.Fear _ cause you to become confused.You need to think clearly.Second,you sh
29、ould go to your nearest consulate.They _ be able to help to some extent.Third,you _ do well to check with some local charities.They _ offer help to travelers in need.Fourth,you_ avoid getting into trouble.You _ think that stealing some money or food would help you,but you should not do so.Getting ca
30、ught _ ruin your life.maymustcanought to might had betterwould shouldmayshouldmustcanought towouldmighthad bettermightwouldActivity3-Use proper modal verbs to fill in the blanks.Work in pairs.Discuss the scene from The Million Pound Bank Note on page 52 and share your understanding of the story.Use
31、modal verbs when necessary.The example below may help you.A:I think its kind of Roderick and Oliver to give Henry the money.B:Im afraid I disagree.They shouldnt be making a bet on him.A:But Henry might get into trouble if they didnt offer him the money.B:Well,if they really wanted to help Henry,they
32、 could offer him a job.A:Maybe youre right.But I guess that would be a different story.DiscussionA:Do you think the two brothers are being kind to Henry?B:No,I think they ought to tell Henry about the bet.A:I agree.It would be the kind thing to do.Henry could end up in jail because of this.B:Yes.Henry had better return the one-million-pound note to them.It might be dangerous for him to keep it.A:But if he doesnt keep it,what should he do?B:I dont know.Maybe he should try to get a job?Sample ConversationHomework
