1、Grammarv-ingv-ingv-ing形式形式动名词动名词现在分词现在分词主语主语宾语宾语表语表语定语定语定语定语表语表语状语状语宾补宾补Playing with fire is dangerous.Jim likes jumping in muddy puddles.Her idea is building up a new company.People living there are quite friendly.He really needs a washing machine.The performance was really amazing.Laughing and tal
2、king,they went in.I love to watch her performing on the stage.v-ing的形式的形式v-ingv-ing形式形式主语主语宾语宾语表语表语宾语补足语宾语补足语定语定语状语状语v-ingv-ing作主语作主语v-ingv-ing作主语作主语单个的动词单个的动词-ing -ing 形式作主语时，谓语动词用形式作主语时，谓语动词用_。多个的动词多个的动词-ing -ing 形式作主语时，谓语动词用形式作主语时，谓语动词用_。1.Placing burns under the cool running water is the most ef
3、ficient step to stop the burning process.2.Applying oil to the injuried area is a bad idea.3.Singing songs and dancing are his hobbies.Observe and Find单数形式单数形式复数形式复数形式v-ingv-ing作主语作主语多个的动词多个的动词-ing -ing 形式作主语时，形式作主语时，表示一个整体概念时，谓语动词用表示一个整体概念时，谓语动词用_;_;表示不同意义时表示不同意义时，谓语动词，谓语动词用用_。1.Singing songs and d
4、ancing are his hobbies.2.Reading and writing are two problems.3.Getting up early and going bed early is good for your health.4.Eating and dressing is a big question.5.Loving and being loved is the same concept.6.Going or staying is up for you to decide.Observe and Find单数形式单数形式复数形式复数形式v.-ing作主语往往表示作主
5、语往往表示_动作动作to do作主语往往表示作主语往往表示_动作。动作。v-ingv-ing作主语作主语Reading aloud is a good way to learn a language.大声朗读是学习语言的一种好方法。大声朗读是学习语言的一种好方法。To finish the task will take a long time.要完成这项任务将要花费很长时间。要完成这项任务将要花费很长时间。Observe and Findv.-ing 形式和形式和 to do 作主语时的区别作主语时的区别经常经常/多次发生的习惯性多次发生的习惯性具体的或一次性的具体的或一次性的v-ingv-i
6、ng作主语作主语常用常用it作形式主语，把动名词置于句尾的句式作形式主语，把动名词置于句尾的句式。It is a waste of time doing.做做是浪费时间。是浪费时间。It is no good/use doing.做做是没用的。是没用的。It is worthwhile doing.做做是值得的。是值得的。It is no fun doing.做做没有乐趣。没有乐趣。e.g.It is no use crying over spilt milk.It is a waste of time arguing with him about the matter.It is no go
7、od/use regretting.(1)（relearn）the art of seeing the world around us is quite simple，although it takes practice and requires breaking some bad habits.(2)As a chef，（study）Chinese cuisine is what he often does whether in work or at home.(3)Its a waste of time just（wait）.We should engage ourselves in th
8、e search work.(4)（expose）to loud noise can do damage to your hearing.(5)Being in such a beautiful and wild place (make)me feel blessed to be alive.RelearningstudyingwaitingBeing exposedmakesv-ingv-ing作主语作主语Practicev-ingv-ing作宾语作宾语有些动词后只能跟有些动词后只能跟_作宾语，而不能跟动词不作宾语，而不能跟动词不定式作宾语。有此用法的动词有定式作宾语。有此用法的动词有：al
9、low,advise,admit,appreciate,avoid,bear,consider,delay,deny,enjoy,escape,finish,forbid,imagine,keep,mind,mention,permit,practice,quit,risk,suggest等等。1.However,you should avoid making this gesture in Brazil and Germany2.Elsewhere,people favor shaking hands,bowing from the waist,or nodding the head whe
10、n they meet someone else.3.Would you mind opening the window?Observe and Findv-ingv-ing作宾作宾语语动词动词-ing形式形式常跟动词常跟动词inging作宾语的动词歌诀作宾语的动词歌诀:考虑建议盼原谅，考虑建议盼原谅，承认推迟没得想承认推迟没得想，避免错过继续练避免错过继续练，否认完成停能赏否认完成停能赏，不禁介意准逃亡不禁介意准逃亡，不准冒险凭想象。不准冒险凭想象。consider,suggest/advise,look forward to,pardon admit,delay/put off,fancy
11、 avoid,miss,keep/keep on,practise deny,finish,stop,enjoy/appreciate cant help,mind,allow/permit,escapeforbid,risk,imagine v-ingv-ing作宾作宾语语动词动词-ing形式作介词的宾语。形式作介词的宾语。insist on、object to、be good at、be fond of、be busy in、lead to、put off、give up、look forward to、feel like、devote to、get/be used to、pay atte
12、ntion to、be worth、keep on1.My father is used to going to bed late and getting up very early.2.Im looking forward to receiving your reply.3.He insist on doing it in his own way.Observe and Findv-ingv-ing作宾作宾语语【即学即练】用所给动词的适当形式填空【即学即练】用所给动词的适当形式填空She feels like _(go)abroad for further education next ye
13、ar.I often practise _(listen)and _ (speak)The boy was lucky to escape _(punish)We dont allow _(dive)in the pool.goinglisteningspeakingpunishingdiving有些动词如有些动词如continue,start,begin等后面即可接等后面即可接_，意义，意义_。1.He continue working/to work as if nothing happened.2.When did you start doing/to do your homework?
14、3.They begin muting/to mute their voices,not be as assertive(坚定自信的坚定自信的).Observe and Findv-ingv-ing作宾作宾语语动名词也可接不定式作宾语动名词也可接不定式作宾语差别不大差别不大在在love,like,prefer,hate等动词后接等动词后接v-ing指指_,接接 to do指指_。He preferred staying in the house when it rained.He prefer to stay at home this afternoon.Observe and Findv-i
15、ngv-ing作宾作宾语语经常性的动作经常性的动作具体的动作具体的动作v.-ing作宾语，指每逢下雨天都呆在家里。作宾语，指每逢下雨天都呆在家里。to do作宾语，表示今天下午留在家里这一具体动作。作宾语，表示今天下午留在家里这一具体动作。有些动词有些动词(短语短语)后跟不定式后跟不定式和动词和动词-inging形式作宾语均可，但形式作宾语均可，但含义不同。含义不同。v-ingv-ing作宾作宾语语eg I remember posting the letter.Ill remember to post the letter.I shall never forget seeing the fa
16、mous writer.Dont forget to write to your mother.我已把信寄了我已把信寄了。我会我会记着去寄信的记着去寄信的。我我永远不会忘记见到过那位著名作家。永远不会忘记见到过那位著名作家。不不要忘了给你母亲写信。要忘了给你母亲写信。1)He stopped _(smoke)and have a rest.2)He really must stop_(smoke).3)I once tried _(learn)French.4)Lets try _(knock)at the back door.5)I didnt to mean _(hurt)your fee
17、ling.6)This word means _(set)out at once.7)I cant help _(clean)the room,for I am too busy.8)After hearing the joke,we cant help _(laugh).9)Water is used to _(water)flowers.10)I am used to _(get up)early.11)Though it rained,they went on _(work).12)We have finished Part 1.Lets go on _(learn)Part 2.to
18、smokesmokingto learnknockingto hurtsetting完完成句子成句子to cleanlaughingwatergetting upworkingto learn【即学即练】完成句子【即学即练】完成句子(2020(2020全国全国卷卷)Stop _ with others.不要拿自己和别人比较。不要拿自己和别人比较。Missing the train means _.误了这班火车就意味着再等一个小时。误了这班火车就意味着再等一个小时。Dont _ in case it rains.别忘了带伞，以防下雨。别忘了带伞，以防下雨。comparing yourselfwa
19、iting for another hourforget to take your umbrella下列动词可接动词下列动词可接动词-ing形式的主动形式表示形式的主动形式表示_，相当于，相当于_。need/want/require/deserve/.doingneed/want/require/deserve/.to be doneThe bike needs repairing/to be repaired.The carpet wants cleaning/to be cleaned.Observe and Findv-ingv-ing作宾作宾语语被动意义被动意义不定式的被动形式不定式的
20、被动形式【即学即练】一句多译【即学即练】一句多译这个问题值得讨论。这个问题值得讨论。_._._._.这个窗户需要清理了。这个窗户需要清理了。_._._._.The question deservs discussing.The question deservs to be discussed.The window needs/requires/wants cleaning.The window needs/requires/wants to be cleaned.v-ingv-ing作表语作表语v-ingv-ing作表作表语语1.The argument is very convincing2
21、.The situation both at home and abroad is encouraging3.They were very shocked at the news.4.The pupils will get confused if they are made to learn too much.分词作表语，多表示分词作表语，多表示_。现在分词现在分词作表语，作表语，多表示主语具有的多表示主语具有的_，常译为，常译为_;_;过去分词过去分词作作表语，多表示主语具有的表语，多表示主语具有的_，常译为，常译为_。现在分词现在分词现在分词现在分词过去分词过去分词过去分词过去分词特征特征
22、令人令人的的状态状态感到感到的的主语具有的特征和状态主语具有的特征和状态Observe and Find1.Seeing is believing.2.Her job is cleaning the windows of that high building.3.What pleases him is bathing under the sun4.What Tom hates most is being looked down upon.动名词作动名词作表语表语与主语通常是对等的关系，表示主语与主语通常是对等的关系，表示主语的内容，主语、表语可的内容，主语、表语可_。互换位置互换位置Obser
23、ve and Findv-ingv-ing作表作表语语His job is interesting.His job is serving the people.现在分词说明主语的现在分词说明主语的_；动名词说明主语的；动名词说明主语的_。因此，。因此，动名词作表语可以和主语动名词作表语可以和主语_，而现在分词，而现在分词_和主语和主语互换位置。互换位置。Interesting is his job.Serving the people is his job.现在分词现在分词动名词动名词特征特征内容内容互换位置互换位置不可以不可以v-ingv-ing作表作表语语现在分词和动名词作表语的区别现在分
24、词和动名词作表语的区别v-ingv-ing作定语作定语a sleeping babya barking dogv-ingv-ing作定语作定语现在分词作定语表示名词的现在分词作定语表示名词的状态：进行、主动状态：进行、主动。1.1.定义定义a washing machinea swimming poolv-ingv-ing作定语作定语动名词作定语表示名词的动名词作定语表示名词的用途用途。an exhausting workv-ingv-ing作定语作定语动名词作定语表示名词的动名词作定语表示名词的性质性质。a disappointing resultSummaryv-ingv-ing作定语的定
25、义：作定语的定义：现在分词作定语，现在分词作定语，表示正在表示正在_的的或或_的的动作动作动名词表示被修饰词的动名词表示被修饰词的_和和_。进行进行主动主动性质性质用途用途1.No one shall take any magazine out of the reading room.2.He saw a flying bird and raised his bow.3.He was tapping his walking stick against his leg.4.I love to swim in the swimming pool.5.He really needs a washin
26、g machine.Observe and Finda girl dancing on the stagea tower being built therea vase dating back to Han Dynastyv-ingv-ing作定作定语语Summary现在分词作定语的定义：现在分词作定语的定义：现在分词作定语，现在分词作定语，表示正在表示正在_的的或或_的的动作或者动作或者表示被修饰词的表示被修饰词的_和和_。进行进行主动主动性质性质用途用途现在分词作定语的位置：现在分词作定语的位置：单个分词作定语一般放在修饰词的单个分词作定语一般放在修饰词的_，现在分词短语，现在分词短语作定
27、语通常放在修饰词的作定语通常放在修饰词的_，并且可以转化为一个，并且可以转化为一个_从句。从句。后面后面前面前面定语定语v-ingv-ing作宾语补足语作宾语补足语v-ing作宾补作宾补使用使用v-ing形式作宾补，常表示宾语和宾补之间是主动关形式作宾补，常表示宾语和宾补之间是主动关系或表示系或表示v-ing形式的动作正在进行。形式的动作正在进行。We can see a boy singing in the picture.宾语补足语宾语补足语主语主语 谓语谓语宾语宾语We see her listening to music.We can see four kids running on
28、the playground.The police caught the man stealing the money.作宾补作宾补主动主动 _被动被动 _在在_后作后作宾补宾补在在_后作后作宾补宾补在在_后作后作宾补宾补doingbeing done感官动词感官动词使役动词使役动词with复合结构复合结构v-ing形式形式形式形式用法用法用法用法1 1感官动词（短语）感官动词（短语）see,watch,observe,look at,notice,hear,listen to,feel等后常接等后常接v-ing形式作宾补，宾语和宾补之间形式作宾补，宾语和宾补之间是主动关系。是主动关系。以以s
29、ee为例：为例：see+宾语宾语+doing sth.看见看见正在做某事正在做某事感官动词+宾语+v-ing宾补用法用法2 21).have/make+宾语宾语+doing sth.使使持续做某事持续做某事2).get+宾语宾语+doing sth.使使开始做某事开始做某事3).keep/leave+宾语宾语+doing sth.使使一直做某事一直做某事e.g.Im sorry to keep you waiting for so long.She kept me waiting for over twenty minutes.Ill have you speaking English in
30、six months.Dont leave her waiting outside in the rain.使役动词+宾语+v-ing宾补用法用法3 3e.g.With the time passing by,he almost forgot everything in the past.With spring coming on,trees turn green.with+宾语+v-ing宾补v-ingv-ing作状语作状语 What do these sentences have in common?What are the functions and meanings of the-in
31、g forms?1.her brother complained,thinking of the high tuition fees.2.Thinking of all the people still in need of help,Dr Lin opened a private clinic.3.Wanzhou is a well-known tourist destination,attracting thousands of visitors.adverbialadverbialadverbial现在分词（短语）作状语，修饰谓语动词，在意义上相当于状现在分词（短语）作状语，修饰谓语动词
32、，在意义上相当于状语从句，可以与状语从句转换，表示时间、原因、条件、方式、让语从句，可以与状语从句转换，表示时间、原因、条件、方式、让步等。其步等。其逻辑主语为句子的主语，两者之间为主动关系逻辑主语为句子的主语，两者之间为主动关系。1.Hearing the news,they immediately set off for Shanghai.2.Being tired,I stopped to have a rest.3.The snow lasted a week,causing serious traffic confusions.4.Working hard,you will fina
33、lly succeed.时间状语时间状语原因状语原因状语结果状语结果状语条件状语条件状语5.Admitting what she has said,I still think that she hasnt tried her best.6.Please answer the question,using another way.7.Wang Peng sat in his empty restaurant,feeling frustrated.让步状语让步状语方式状语方式状语伴随状语伴随状语 1.1.时间状语时间状语 2.2.原因状语原因状语 3.3.条件状语条件状语 4.4.让步状语让步状语
34、 5.5.方式或伴随状方式或伴随状语语 6.6.结果状语结果状语用法用法1 1例：例：Hearingthenews,hegotfrightened.=Whenheheardthenews,hegotfrightened.相当于相当于相当于相当于as,when,while,until等引导的等引导的一个时间状语从句一个时间状语从句1.v-ing形式作形式作时间状语时间状语用法用法2 2例：例：Notknowingheraddress,Icantwritetoher.=Because I dont know heraddress,I cant write to her.相当于相当于as，becau
35、se等引导的一个原因状语从句等引导的一个原因状语从句2.v-ing形式作形式作原因状语原因状语用法用法3 3例：Takingthepaththatleadsoutofthetown,youwillcometoalake.=If you take the path that leads out of the town,youwillcometoalake.相当于由相当于由if，unless，once等引导的一个条件状语从句等引导的一个条件状语从句3.v-ing3.v-ing形式作形式作条件状语条件状语用法用法4 4例：例：Livingmilesaway,heattendedthecourse.=
36、Although he lived miles away,heattendedthecourse.相当于由相当于由although，though，as if/though等引导的一个让步状等引导的一个让步状语从句语从句4.v-ing4.v-ing形式作形式作让步状语让步状语用法用法5 5例：They stoodthereforhalfanhourwatchingthestarsinthesky.=Theystoodthereforhalfanhour and watched thestarsinthesky.相当于相当于and引导的一个并列句引导的一个并列句5.v-ing5.v-ing形式作形
37、式作方式、伴随状语方式、伴随状语用法用法6 6例：The child fell off the tree,hitting his head against the ground.=The child fell off the tree,and he hit his head against the ground.相当于由相当于由so，and等引导的一个并列句等引导的一个并列句6.v-ing6.v-ing形式作形式作结果状语结果状语Practice1.Climbing to the top of the hill,we saw a beautiful view.2.Not knowing her
38、 address,I might call her to come over.3.Working hard at your lessons,you are to succeed.4.Knowing all this,I still want to see it for myself.5.Mary lay on the grass,staring at the sky.6.Seeing from the top of the hill,I found the city beautiful.句型转换句型转换动词动词-ing 形式的时态形式的时态动词动词-ing 形式（短语）作状语时，要注意它的时间
39、性，即注意是用一般形式（短语）作状语时，要注意它的时间性，即注意是用一般式（式（doing）还是用完成式（）还是用完成式（having done）。）。当动词当动词-ing 形式的动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生或几乎同时发生时，形式的动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生或几乎同时发生时，用一般式；当它的动作先于谓语动词所表示的动作发生时，用完成式用一般式；当它的动作先于谓语动词所表示的动作发生时，用完成式。eg Walking in the street,I met an old friend of mine.走在大街上时，我遇到了一位老朋友。走在大街上时，我遇到了一位老朋友。Having finished the letter,he went to post it.他写完信后就把它寄了出去。他写完信后就把它寄了出去。作状语作状语主动主动:_:_被动：被动：_1.1.逻辑主语与主句主逻辑主语与主句主语语 ;2.2.否定形否定形式式:.形式形式类型类型注意注意doing/having done being done/having been done 时间状语时间状语 原因状语原因状语 结果状语结果状语 条件状语条件状语让步状语让步状语方式状语方式状语伴随状语伴随状语一致一致not/never+v-ingSummary
