1、To raise new questions,new possibilities,to regard old problems from a new angle,requires creative imagination and marks real advance in science.Albert Einstein&Leopold Infeld提出新的问题，发现新的可能，从新的角度审视已存在的问题，这些需要创造性的想象力，并标志着科学的真正进步。JOHN SNOW DEFEATS（打败）“KING CHOLERA（霍乱）”Reading skill:What can you learn f
2、rom the title and the pictures?What is the text about?Why is it called“King Cholera”？How to read the map?John Snow,(born March 15,1813,York,Yorkshire,Englanddied June 16,1858,London),English physician known for his seminal studies of cholera and widely viewed as the father of contemporary epidemiolo
3、gy.Cholera used to be one of the most feared diseases in the world.Until a British doctor John Snow showed how it could be overcome.This illness causes severe（严重的）diarrhoea（腹泻）,dehydration（脱水）,and even death.In the early 19th century when an outbreak（爆发）of cholera hit Europe,millions of people died
4、from the disease.常考：used to do 过去常常be used to doing习惯于As a young doctor John Snow became frustrated（沮丧的）because no one knew how to prevent（预防）or treat（治疗）cholera.In time,he rose to become a famous doctor and even attended（照顾）to Queen Victoria when she gave birth.However,he never lost his desire（欲望）t
5、o destroy cholera once and for all.(一劳永逸）In general doctors in those days had two contradictory（相反的）theories（理论）to explain how cholera spread（扩散）.One theory was that bad air caused the disease.Another was that cholera was caused by an infection（感染）from germs（细菌）in food or water.Snow subscribed to（同意
6、）the second theory.It was correct(正确的）,but he still needed proof（证据）.Consequently（因此）,when an outbreak at cholera hit London in 1854,Snow began to investigate（调查）.He discovered（发现）that in two particular（特别的）streets the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days.He was
7、determined(坚定的）to find out why.常考：so+adj(形容词）+that 如此.以致于Snow began by marking（做标记）on a map the exact（精确的）places where all those who died had lived.There were multiple（多个的）deaths near the water pump（泵）in Broad Street(especially house numbers 16,37,38,and 40).However some households（住户）(such as 20 an
8、d 21 Bread Street,and 8 and 9 Cambridge Streets)had had no deaths.These people worked in the pub（酒吧）at 7 Cambridge Street.They had been given free beer（啤酒）and so had not drunk the water from the pump.snow suspected(怀疑）that the water pump was to blame(责怪）.What is more,In another part of London,a woma
9、n and her daughter had died of cholera after moving away from Broad street.归纳：die of/from 死于.(原因）It seemed that the woman liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day.As a result of this evidence(证据）,John Snow was able to announce（宣布）that the pump water carr
10、ied cholera germs.Accordingly（据此）,he had the handle(把手）of the pump removed（移除）so that it could not be used.Through this intervention（干涉）,The disease was stopped in its tracks（踪迹）.归纳：have sth.done 使.被做 The truth（真相）was that the water from the Broad Street pump had been infected（感染）by waste（垃圾）.Moreov
11、er（此外），Snow was later able to show a link（联系）between other cases of cholera and the different water companies in London.Some companies sold water from the River Thames that was polluted by raw(未处理的）waste.The people who drank this water were much more likely to get cholera than those who drank pure（纯
12、净的）or boiled(煮沸过的）water.Though Snows tireless efforts,water companies began to sell clean water and the threat（威胁）of cholera around the world saw a substantial decrease（减少）.However,cholera is still a problem.Each year millions of people around the world get cholera and many die from it.拓展：threat n.威
13、胁 threaten v.威胁decrease 减少 increase 增加Fortunately,we now know how to prevent cholera,thanks to the work of John Snow.Moreover,in his use of maps and statistics(数据）,Snow transformed（改变）the way scientists study diseases.For this reason,Snow is considered the father of modern epidemiology（流行病学）.analyse
14、 the results 分析结果分析结果 ask a question询问问题询问问题draw a conclusion 得出结论得出结论 collect data收集数据收集数据find a problem 发现问题发现问题 find supporting evidence 寻找支撑证据寻找支撑证据think of a method思考方法思考方法 Discuss the following stages of scientific research and then put them in the right order._ analyse the results _ ask a que
15、stion _ draw a conclusion _ collect data_ find a problem _ find supporting evidence _ think of a method 1234567Find a problem(发现问题）As a young doctor John Snow became frustrated（沮丧的）because no one knew how to prevent（预防）or treat（治疗）cholera.Ask a question（提出疑惑）In general doctors in those days had two
16、contradictory（相反的）theories（理论）to explain how cholera spread（扩散）.One theory was that bad air caused the disease.Another was that cholera was caused by an infection（感染）from germs（细菌）in food or water.Think of a method（思考方法）Snow began by marking（做标记）on a map the exact（精确的）places where all those who died
17、 had lived.Collect data（收集数据）There were multiple（多个的）deaths near the water pump（泵）in Broad Street(especially house numbers 16,37,38,and 40).However some households（住户）(such as 20 and 21 Bread Street,and 8 and 9 Cambridge Streets)had had no deaths.Analyse the results（分析结果）These people worked in the p
18、ub（酒吧）at 7 Cambridge Street.They had been given free beer（啤酒）and so had not drunk the water from the pump.snow suspected(怀疑）that the water pump was to blame(责怪）.Find supporting evidence（寻找支撑证据）What is more,In another part of London,a woman and her daughter had died of cholera after moving away from
19、Broad street.It seemed that the woman liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered（递送）to her house every day.Draw a conclusion（得出结论）As a result of this evidence(证据）,John Snow was able to announce（宣布）that the pump water carried cholera germs（细菌）.Para 1 Para 2Para 3Para 4Para 5 The
20、_ of choleraTwo contradictory _ about how cholera spreadThe _of the research about cholera The _ for getting choleraSnows _ to preventing choleraListen to get the main idea of each paragraph.outbreaktheoriesprocess truth/reason contributionsWhile-readingWho？What？Find a problemAsk a questionCollect d
21、ataAnalyse the resultsFind supporting evidenceDraw a conclusion BackgroundFind out the truthResults&significancePara 1 Para 2Para 3Para 4Para 5 The outbreak of choleraTwo contradictory theories about how cholera spreadThe process of the research about cholera The truth/reason for getting choleraSnow
22、s contributions to preventing choleraThink of a methodReread each paragraph for more details and analyse the structure of the passage.It was believed that cholera was caused by bad _ or germs in _.Snow _ the places where the people who _ had lived.Many deaths occurred near the _ in Broad Street.Some
23、 people _ drunk the water from the pump,and lived.A woman and her daughter died in another part of London after _.The pump water carried _.The _ of the pump was removed.airfood or watermarked on the mapdiedwater pumphadntdrinking watercholera germshandleA.C.B.D.E.from the pumpIt was believed that ch
24、olera was caused by bad _ or germs in _.Snow _ the places where the people who _ had lived.Many deaths occurred near the _ in Broad Street.Some people _ drunk the water from the pump,and lived.A woman and her daughter died in another part of London after _.The pump water carried _.The _ of the pump
25、was removed.airfood or watermarked on the mapdiedwater pumphadntdrinking watercholera germshandleA.C.B.D.E.from the pumptheoriesprocessevidenceevidenceevidenceconclusionsolution1.Q:What _?A:Snow thought that cholera was caused by germs in food or water.2.Q:Why _?A:Snow had the handle of the pump removed so that it could not be used.3.Q:How _?A:The cholera threat was defeated thanks to the work of John Snow.caused cholera according to Snowdid Snow have the handle of the pump removedwas the cholera threat defeated
