1、 XB211课前候背1.feel frustrated/frstretd/感到沮丧2.the cholera/klr/outbreak 霍乱的爆发3.through this intervention/ntvnn/通过这一干预4.substantial/sbstnl/orders 大量订单a substantial decrease 大幅度减少 5.a severe/svr/teacher 一位严厉的教师6.subscribe/sbskrab/regularly 定期订购 7.need proof/pruf/需要证据8.a large household 一个大家庭9.suspect/sspe
2、kt/the evidence 怀疑这个证据 10.blame/blem/him for his mistake 由于错误责备他11.remove the handle 拆掉手柄12.pure gold 纯金13.the use of statistics/sttstks/统计数据的使用 To raise new questions,new possibilities,to regard old problems from a new angle,requires creative imagination and marks real advance in science.-Albert Ei
3、nstein&Leopold Infeld提出新的问题，发现新的可能，从新的角度审视已存在的问题，这些需要创造性的想象力，并标志着科学的真正进步。1.Are you familiar with these situations?run nucleic acid tests get vaccinatedlead-in2.Besides coronavirus,what other kinds of epidemics流行病have you heard of?Bird-flu禽流感,malaria疟疾,plague,瘟疫，鼠疫,Ebola,Smallpox天花3.An epidemic just
4、like coronavirus hit Europe in the early 19th century,do you know what it is?Cholera霍乱霍乱4.What are the symptoms 症状 of Cholera？dehydration/dihadren/缺水severe严重的 vomiting/vmt/呕吐diarrhoea/dari/腹泻STAGES IN SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH Draw a conclusion Collect data Ask a question Find a problem Analyse the result
5、s Find supporting evidence Think of a method Draw a conclusion Collect data Ask a question Find a problem Analyse the results Find supporting evidence Think of a method Read the whole text quickly and match the main ideas.the second Its one of _ in the world,because it causes _._(when),an outbreak o
6、f cholera hit _ milions of people _.He rose to become _,and even _ Queen Victoria when she gave birth.John Snow became _ because no one knew _.However,he had a desire to _ once and for all.the most feared diseasessevere diarrhoea and dehydrationIn the early 19th centuryEuropedied from the diseasefru
7、stratedhow to prevent or treat choleraa famous doctorattended to destroy cholera 1Cholera used to be one of the most feared diseases in the world,until a British doctor,John Snow,showed how it could be overcome.This illness causes severe diarrhea腹泻,dehydration缺水,and even death.In the early 19th cent
8、ury,when an outbreak of cholera hit Europe,millions of people died from the disease.As a young doctor,John Snow became frustrated because no one knew how to prevent or treat cholera.In time,he rose(rise v.变得更加成功)to become a famous doctor,and even attended to Queen Victoria when she gave birth.Howeve
9、r,he never lost his desire to destroy cholera once and for all完全.Find a problem Theory one:caused by _Theory two:caused by _bad air germs Q:What did John Snow investigate when another outbreak hit London in 1854?2In general,doctors in those days had two contradictory theories to explain how cholera
10、spread.One theory was that bad air caused the disease.Another was that cholera was caused by an infection from germs微生物 in food or water.Snow subscribed to the second theory.It was correct,but he still needed proof.Consequently,when an outbreak of cholera hit London in 1854,Snow began to investigate
11、.He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days.He was determined to find out why.Ask a question 3Snow began by marking on a map the exact places where all those who died had lived.There were multiple deaths near the water p
12、ump in Broad Street(especially house numbers 16,37,38,and 40).However,some households(such as 20 and 21 Broad Street,and 8 and 9 Cambridge Street)had had no deaths.These people worked in the pub at 7 Cambridge Street.They had been given free beer,and so had not drunk the water from the pump.Snow sus
13、pected that the water pump was to blame.What is more,in another part of London,a woman and her daughter had died of cholera after moving away from Broad Street.It seemed that the woman liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day.As a result of this evidence
14、,John Snow was able to announce that the pump water carried cholera germs.Accordingly,he had the handle of the pump removed so that it could not be used.Through this intervention,the disease was stopped in its tracks.Find supporting evidence Analyse the results Think of a method Collect data Analyse
15、 the results multiple deaths happened here.No death happened here.The water from the pump was to blame.Public houseClue:free beer from public houseResult:The water came from the river which had been polluted by the dirty water from London.adj.数量多的4The truth was that the water from the Broad Street p
16、ump had been infected by waste.Moreover,Snow was later able to show a link between other cases of cholera and the different water companies in London.Some companies sold water from the River Thames that was polluted by raw waste.The people who drank this water were much more likely to get cholera th
17、an those who drank pure or boiled water.5Through Snows tireless efforts,water companies began to sell clean water and the threat of cholera around the world saw a substantial decrease.However,cholera is still a problem.Each year,millions of people around the world get cholera and many die from it.Fo
18、rtunately,we now know how to prevent cholera,thanks to the work of John Snow.Moreover,in his use of maps and statistics,Snow transformed the way scientists study diseases.For this reason,Snow is considered the father of modern epidemiology流行病学.Draw a conclusion post-reading课文语填Doctors had two contra
19、dictory theories to explain how cholera spread.And Snow subscribed to the second onecholera was caused by an infection from germs in food or water.It was correct,but he still needed proof.So he began by marking on a map the exact places where all those who died had lived.Snow suspected that the wate
20、r pump was to blame.Once and for all,through Snows tireless efforts,the threat of cholera around the world saw a substantial decrease.However,cholera is still a problem.Fortunately,we now know how to prevent it.John Snow was 1.a well-known doctor in London in the 19th century.He wanted to find the c
21、ause of cholera in order to help people 2.infected(infect)with it.In 1854 when an outbreak of cholera hit London,he 3.began(begin)to gather information 4.immediately(immediate).He marked on a map 5.where all the dead people had lived and he found that many people who 6.had drunk(drink)the dirty water 7.from the pump died.So he announced that the pump water 8.carried(carry)cholera germs.He suggested that the source of all water supplies 9.(should)be examined(examine)and new methods of 10.dealing(deal)with polluted water be found.Finally,“King Cholera”was defeated.
