1、Discovering Useful StructuresDiscovering Useful StructuresGrammar Grammar 过去完成时与过去完成时的被动语态过去完成时与过去完成时的被动语态Unit 3 Food and Culture Lead-inThe chef had set up a farm-to-table restaurant before his new cookbook was published.A new farm-to-table restaurant had been set up by the chef before his new cook
2、book was published.Past Perfect Tense:had doneObserve&DiscoverWhich action happened first,“set up”or“was published”?Active VoicePassive VoiceLeading-inLook at the two pairs of sentences.The chef had set up a farm-to-table restaurant before his new cookbook was published.A new farm-to-table restauran
3、t had been set up by the chef before his new cookbook was published.Underline the predicate verbs.Circle the conjunctions.后后先先时态：过去完成时过去完成时语态：主动结构：had done先先时态：一般过去时语态：被动结构：was/were done后后时态：过去完成时过去完成时语态：被动结构：had been done时态：一般过去时语态：被动结构：was/were done They had finished their dinner by the time Sam j
4、oined them.Their dinner had been finished by the time Sam joined them.时态：一般过去时语态：主动结构：did动作：后发生时态：过去完成时过去完成时语态：被动结构：had been done动作：先发生时态：一般过去时语态：主动结构：did动作：后发生Try to analyse the sentences below.时态：过去完成时过去完成时语态：主动结构：had done动作：先发生一、什么是过去完成时？表示过去某一时间或动作之前发生的动作或状态，以及对过去的某一点造成的某种影响或是结果。例：1.By nine oclo
5、ck last night,we had got 200 pictures from the spaceship.2.All the tickets had been sold out when they arrived.表示在过去某一时间或事件之前已经完成的动作或已经存在的状态。过去完成时 The Past Perfect Tense1.The chef had set up a farm-to-table restaurant before his new cookbook was published.2.The media reported that these companies ha
6、d treated pollution as a hot potato.动作已经完成事件已经存在二、过去完成时的构成基本结构：had动词过去分词(1)肯定句：主语had动词过去分词其他。(2)否定句：主语hadnot动词过去分词其他。He had already been to New York earlier in the week.本周早些时候他去过纽约。At that time we hadnt met her.那时我们还没有见到她。(3)疑问句：Had主语动词过去分词其他？肯定回答：Yes，主语had.否定回答：No，主语hadnt.Had you visited here befor
7、e?Yes,I had./No,I hadnt.(4)特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词或词组had主语 过去分词其他？Where had you been before you came here?(5)被动语态：主语had(not)been动词过去分词 其他。By the end of last year all the preparatory work had been done.定义：过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作，即“过去的过去”。过去过去的过去现在基本结构：(1)肯定：主语had(been)done(2)否定：主语had not(been)done(3)疑问：Ha
8、d主语(been)done 疑问词had主语(been)done三、过去完成时的用法三、基本用法1.表示在过去某一时刻或动作以前完成了的动作，即“过去的过去”。After he had finished his homework,he went to bed.2.表示由过去的某一时刻开始，一直延续到过去另 一时间的动作或状态，常和for，since构成的时 间状语连用。I had been at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally came.3叙述过去发生的事情，在已叙述了过去发生的事 情后，反过来追述或补述以前发生的动作时，常 使用过
9、去完成时。Mr.Smith died yesterday.He had been a good friend of mine.4.在含有定语从句的主从复合句中，如果叙述过去的 事，先发生的动作常用过去完成时。I returned the book that I had borrowed.5.过去完成时常常用在told，said，knew，heard，thought等动词后的宾语从句(或间接引语)中，这 时从句中的动作发生在主句表示的过去的动作之前。即学即练：1.By nine oclock last night,we _(get)200 pictures from the spaceship.
10、2.The classroom _(not clean)before the teacher came.3.She _(return)home and _(find)all her furniture _(ruin)by the flood.had gothadnt been cleanedfoundhad been ruinedreturnedHe said that he had known her well.I thought I had sent the letter a week before.6.状语从句：在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在前，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去
11、时。如：when,before,after,as soon as,till/until引导 的复合句。When I woke up,it had already stopped raining.She didnt go to bed until she had finished her work.注意：如果两个动作紧接着发生，则常常不用过去完成时，特别是在包含before和after的复合句中，因为从句的动作和主句的动作发生的先后顺序已经非常明确，可以用一般过去时代替过去完成时。例:We had hoped that you would be able to visit us.I had me
12、ant to take a good holiday this year,but I was not able to leave.7动词think，want，hope，mean，plan，intend 等用过去完成时来表示过去未曾实现的想法、希 望、打算或意图等。四、过去完成时的标志词和句型by+过去时间点，before,until,hardly/scarely.when.;no sooner.than;It was the first/second time that.2.过去完成时几种固定结构1)用于虚拟语气中用于虚拟语气中1.I wish I had told him about it.
13、2.He talked about Rome as if he had been there.3.If only we had entered college last year！4.I would rather you hadnt done that.5.If it had not been for your help yesterday,I could not have caught the bus.6.If you had taken my advice then,you would not be in trouble now.对对过过去去的的虚虚拟拟3)在在hardlywhen,sca
14、rcely.when.,no soonerthan,固定固定句型中句型中，用过去完成时。，用过去完成时。1.He had hardly begun to speak when the audience interrupted him.2.Hardly had we left the house when it began to rain.3.No sooner had he arrived than he went away again.即学即练即学即练2单句语法填空单句语法填空We _(build)five new buildings by the end of last year.I co
15、uld see from her face that she _(receive)some good news.He said he_(be)there before.We realized we _(lose)our way.We _(hope)that you would be able to visit us.had builthad receivedhad beenhad losthad hoped五、过去完成时的被动语态过去完成时的被动语态是过去完成时态和被动语态的结合。表示过去某一时间以前已经被完成的动作，常与by，before等引导的时间状语连用。由“hadbeen过去分词”构成
16、。过去完成时的被动语态有以下几种形式：(1)肯定结构：主语had been done其他成分。(2)否定结构：主语had not been done其他成分。(3)疑问句结构：had主语been done其他成分？疑问词had主语been done其他成分？NoImage过去完成时的被动语态是过去完成时态和被动过去完成时的被动语态是过去完成时态和被动语态的结合。表示过去某一时间以前已经被完语态的结合。表示过去某一时间以前已经被完成的动作，常与成的动作，常与byby，beforebefore等引导的时间状语等引导的时间状语连用。由连用。由“hadhadbeenbeen过去分词过去分词”构成。构成
17、。五、过去完成时的被动语态五、过去完成时的被动语态六、过去完成时与一般过去时的区别时态结构用法一般过去时主动：did/was/were动作发生在过去的某个时间被动：was/were done过去完成时主动：had done动作发生在过去的某个时间、动作之前被动：had been done七、过去完成时被动语态与现在完成时被动语 态用法区别：现在完成时被动语态表示相对于现在来说已被完成的动作，过去完成时被动语态表示相对于过去某一时刻来说已被完成的动作。1.一般过去时与过去完成时时态结构用法一般过去时 主动:did/was/were动作发生在过去的某个时间被动:was/were done过去完成时
18、 主动:had done动作发生在过去的某个时间或动作之前被动:had been done2.过去完成时与现在完成时时态结构用法现在完成时 主动:have/has done动作发生在过去的某个时间,但侧重对现在产生的结果或影响被动:have/has been done过去完成时 主动:had done动作发生在过去的某个时间或动作之前被动:had been doneComplete the two conversations with the correct forms of the words in the box using the past perfect tense or the pa
19、st perfect passive voice.(p29)arrive cancel eat finish get taste tell1.Carol:_ you ever _ any Scottish food before your trip to St Andrews last year?Paul:No,not really.But I _ about haggis many times before we went there.Carol:Oh Did you try it?Paul:Oh,yes!You know what?We _ late for supper that day
20、,and so we just ate whatever was left in the university canteen.We _ our meal before we _ learnt we just _ haggis!Carol:My goodness!Paul:Well,it was not bad.I have to say Hadtastedhad been toldarrivedhad finishedhadeatenPracticearrive cancel eat finish get taste tell ate whatever was left in the uni
21、versity canteen.We _ our meal before we _ learnt we just _ haggis!Carol:My goodness!Paul:Well,it was not bad.I have to say 2.Carol:When I got to the teahouse yesterday,I found nobody there._it _?Paul:Oh,Im so sorry that I forgot to tell you!The get-together was cancelled yesterday morning because Sa
22、lly,the hostess,_ into a car accident.Carol:Oh,Im sorry to hear that.Hope Sally recovers soon!had finishedhadeatenHadbeen cancelledhad gotWork in pairs.Choose one of these three situations,and make as many sentences as you can using the past perfect tense and the past perfect passive voice.Then make
23、 a conversation using these sentences.ProductionEXAMPLE1.When I set off for the cafeteria.I had just finished my homework.I had ordered a taxi online.the windows had been closed.the light had been switched off.Sample ConversationA:What?B:Well,after we had rounded up all the insects,we were al so tir
24、ed and disgusted with handling them that no one wanted to eat them.A:So much for the insect party!B:But it had a happy ending.We ordered out for pizza and then sat down and watched a cool movie on the computer.A:Sounds great!1.She returned home and _(find)all her furniture _ (ruin)by the flood.2.Thi
25、s Monday morning I was informed I _ (choose)as one of three exchange students from our college.3.Arthur was surprised because the tornado _(take)the feathers off his chickens.4.He _(try)to drive back to his home before the flood passed through the village.foundhad been ruinedhad been chosenhad taken
26、had tried完成句子 1.到上学期期末为止,我们已经学了两千多个英语单词。2.我昨天回家的时候发现我的房间已经收拾干净了。3.这是中国女排第十次取得世界冠军。4.他刚开始演讲，观众就打断了他。Hardly_We had learned over 2000 English words by the end of last term.When I came back home yesterday,I found that my room had been cleaned up.This is the tenth time that the Chinese womens volleyball team had claimed the world championship.had he begun to speak when the audience interrupted him.1.一个简单句只有一个动词，除非有and连接，需注意主从复合句动词。2。3.动词的三大考点：时态，语态，主谓一致。缺一不可，要考虑这三点之后才落笔答题。
