1、过去完成时及过去完成时的被动语态The past perfect tenseThe past perfect passive voice In this class,you will1.recognize and summarize the meaning,form and use of the past perfect tense and the past perfect passive voice;2.use the past perfect tense and the past perfect passive voice to describe a situation that happ
2、ened in the past.Past perfect tense is used to tell an activity done before something in the past.So it is used in a background of past.1.What is past perfect tense?过去完成时表示过去某个时间之前已经发生的动作或一直延续的动作或状态。“过去的过去”Hong Kong had returned to China before Macao came back.presentpastpast perfectLeading-in一、过去完成
3、时Leading-inLook at the two pairs of sentences.The chef had set up a farm-to-table restaurant before his new cookbook was published.A new farm-to-table restaurant had been set up by the chef before his new cookbook was published.Underline the predicate verbs.Circle the conjunctions.后先时态：过去完成时语态：主动结构：
4、had done先时态：一般过去时语态：被动结构：was/were done后时态：过去完成时语态：被动结构：had been done时态：一般过去时语态：被动结构：was/were done They had finished their dinner by the time Sam joined them.Their dinner had been finished by the time Sam joined them.时态：一般过去时语态：主动结构：did动作：后发生时态：过去完成时语态：被动结构：had been done动作：先发生时态：一般过去时语态：主动结构：did动作：后发
5、生Try to analyse the sentences below.时态：过去完成时语态：主动结构：had done动作：先发生表示过去某一时间或动作以前已经发生或完成了的动作，对过去的某一点造成的某种影响或是结果，用来指在另一个过去行动之前就已经完成了的事件。在英语时态中，“时”指动作发生的时间，“态”指动作的样子和状态。它表示动作发生的时间是“过去的过去”，侧重事情的结果。由“hadhad过去过去分词分词”构成。过去完成时过去完成时主动语态被动语态肯定形式had done had been done否定形式had not donehad not been done一般疑问句had主语d
6、onehad主语been done特殊疑问句疑问词had主语done疑问词had主语been doneRule1表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成的动作。它表示这个动作发生的时间是“过去的过去”，这一过去时间可用by，before等构成的短语及when,before,after,by the time等引导的状语从句表示。Studying the rulesStudying the rules032.Structure of past perfect tense 否定句：Hong Kong hadnt returned to China before Macao came back.一
7、般疑问句：Had Hong Kong returned to China before Macao came back?Hong Kong had returned to China before Macao came back.肯定句：Sb.had done sth.否定句：Sb.hadnt done sth.一般疑问句：Had sb.done sth.？过去完成时的构成基本结构：had动词过去分词(1)肯定句：主语had动词过去分词其他。(2)否定句：主语hadnot动词过去分词其他。He had already been to New York earlier in the week.本
8、周早些时候他去过纽约。At that time we hadnt met her.那时我们还没有见到她。(3)疑问句：Had主语动词过去分词其他？肯定回答：Yes，主语had.否定回答：No，主语hadnt.Had you visited here before?Yes,I had./No,I hadnt.(4)特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词或词组had主语 过去分词其他？Where had you been before you came here?(5)被动语态：主语had(not)been动词过去分词 其他。By the end of last year all the preparatory
9、work had been done.3.Usage of past perfect tensee.g.He had learned 2,000 English words by the end of last year.有时间状语before/by(the end of)by then,by the end of,by that time,until then,by the time+过去时间点时。e.g.I had hoped to go to your birthday party,but I was too busy.动词hope,expect,think,intend,mean,wa
10、nt,suppose,plan等用过去完成时表示未实现的愿望、打算和意图。用于过去完成时的句型(1)在hardly/scarcely.when;no sooner.than 句型中,主句用过去完成时,从句用一般过去时。I had hardly finished my work when he came to see me.No sooner had I walked in the door than they arrived.(2)在It was the first/second/.time that.“这是第一/第二/次”中,that从句要用过去完成时。It was the third ti
11、me that the boy had been late.(3)It was+一段时间+since从句，从句谓语常用过去完成时。It was two years since he had left his hometown.二、过去完成时的被动语态过去完成时的被动语态是过去完成时态和被动语态的结合。表示过去某一时间以前已经被完成的动作，常与by，before等引导的时间状语连用。由“hadbeen过去分词”构成。过去完成时的被动语态有以下几种形式：(1)肯定结构：主语had been done其他成分。(2)否定结构：主语had not been done其他成分。(3)疑问句结构：had主
12、语been done其他成分？疑问词had主语been done其他成分？1.过去完成时的被动语态的用法By the time he got to the school,the first period had been finished.How many buildings had been destroyed when the hurricane ended?The media reported more than 1,000 people had been killed in the earthquake.He did what he had been told to.他做了别人让他做的
13、事。过去完成时的被动语态常用于以下三种情况过去完成时的被动语态常用于以下三种情况(1)表示过去某一时间以前已经完成的动作，常与表示过去某一时间以前已经完成的动作，常与by，before等引导的时间状语连用。等引导的时间状语连用。By the time he got to the school，the first class had been finished.当他到达学校时，第一节课已经结束了。当他到达学校时，第一节课已经结束了。The classroom hadnt been cleaned before the teacher came.老师来之前，教室还没有打扫过。老师来之前，教室还没有
14、打扫过。How many buildings had been destroyed when the earthquake ended?地震结束时有多少建筑物被毁？地震结束时有多少建筑物被毁？(2)据语意可判断出动作先后的被动语态，用过去完成时。据语意可判断出动作先后的被动语态，用过去完成时。As the assignment had been done，he went on to search the Internet.由于任务完成了，他继续上网搜索。另：当从句由after，before，when或 as soon as引导时，主句和从句都可以用一般过去时。When he arrived，h
15、e called her.他到达时，给她打了电话。They locked the door before they left.在离开前，他们把门锁上了。(3)在在told，said，knew，heard，thought等动词之后的宾语等动词之后的宾语从句中，若表示过去某一被动动作时，用过去完成时。从句中，若表示过去某一被动动作时，用过去完成时。They said the production costs had been reduced.他们说生产成本已经降低了。他们说生产成本已经降低了。The girl was reminded that her homework had not been
16、handed in.那个女孩被提醒她的家庭作业还没有交。那个女孩被提醒她的家庭作业还没有交。Complete the two conversations with the correct forms of the words in the box using the past perfect tense or the past perfect passive voice.arrive,cancel,eat,finish,get,taste,tell1)Carol:_ you ever _ any Scottish food before your trip to St.Andrews last
17、 year?Paul:No,not really.But I _ about haggis many times before we went there.Hadtastedhad been toldn.羊杂碎肚 Carol:OhDid you try it?Paul:Oh,yes!You know what?We _ late for supper that day,and so we just ate whatever was left in the university canteen.We _ our meal before we learnt we _ just _ haggis!C
18、arol:My goodness!Paul:Well,it was not bad.I have to sayarrive,cancel,eat,finish,get,taste,tellarrivedhad finishedhadeaten 2)Carol:When I got to the teahouse yesterday,I found nobody there._ it _?Paul:Oh,Im so sorry that I forgot to tell you!The get-together was cancelled yesterday morning because Sa
19、lly,the hostess,_ into a car accident.Carol:Oh,Im sorry to hear that.Hope Sally recovers soon!Hadbeen cancelledhad gotarrive,cancel,eat,finish,get,taste,tell.单句语法填空。1.The interviewer was interested in the grades I _(get)in the exams.2.By the time we got a report,the firemen _ (put)out the fire in th
20、e bar already.3.She _(want)to help you but she had no time then.4.All the film tickets _(sell)out when I got to the cinema.5.The wallet _(wrap)up in newspaper and it contained half the money he had lost.6.It was the third time that he _(make)the same mistake.had got had puthad wantedhad been soldhad
21、 been wrappedhad made.完成句子1她告诉我她当空中乘务员好几年了。2.她说她已来过上海。3.我们到日本前学过一点日语。4.我不想看那部戏剧，因为我已经看过了。She told me that she had been an air hostess for quite a few years.She said that she had been to Shanghai.We had studied a little Japanese before we came to Japan.I didnt want to see the play because I had already seen it
