1、 Learning Objectives1.Understand the structure and meaning of past perfect tense;2.Grasp the usages of past perfect tense;3.Tell the differences between past tense and past perfect tense;(present perfect tense and past perfect tense);4.Apply what you have learned into practice;011.Prior to coming to
2、 China,my only experience with Chinese cooking was in America,with Chinese food that had been changed to suit American tastes.2.When my family and I had just arrived in China,we went looking for a good place to eat in Beijing.3.A Sichuan restaurant had been recommended to us by a friend,and finally,
3、we found it.4.Tired,hungry,and not knowing a word of Chinese,we had no idea how to order,so the chef just began filling our table with the best food we had ever eaten.过去完成时过去完成时主动语态（句主动语态（句2、句、句4）had done被动语态（句被动语态（句1、句、句3）had been done1.过去完成时的定义过去完成时的定义By the time the policeman got to the shop,the
4、thief had run away.警察到商店时，小偷已经逃跑了。过去 现在 将来1.过去完成时的定义过去完成时的定义定义二：定义二：表示过去某一时间之前已经开始并一直持续到表示过去某一时间之前已经开始并一直持续到该时间该时间的动作或状态。的动作或状态。常与常与by/until/before/by the end of+表示过去的表示过去的某一时间连用某一时间连用Its Sunday.He had been ill for a week when he was sent to hospital on Friday.今天是星期天了。当他周五被送往医院就医时，他已经病了一个星期了。1.过去完成时
5、的定义过去完成时的定义过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前完成的动作。定义nowAB02Active主动主动Passive被动被动The room looked nice.Somebody had cleaned it.The room looked nice.It had been cleaned.had donehad been done1.By the time the policeman got to the shop,the thief had run away.2.Had the thief run away by the time the policeman got to th
6、e shop,例句：我们到剧院时戏剧已经开始了。The play _ when we got to the theater.had already started过去完成时结构过去完成时结构:肯肯/否定句：否定句：had(not)+done 一般疑问句：一般疑问句：Had sb done sth?2.2.过去完成时的结构过去完成时的结构Had the play already started when we got to the theater.3.过去完成时与现在完成时的区别过去完成时与现在完成时的区别现在完成时表示的动作发生在过去现在完成时表示的动作发生在过去,但侧重对现在产生的结果或造成
7、的但侧重对现在产生的结果或造成的影响影响,与现在有关与现在有关.其结构为其结构为”助动词助动词have/has+have/has+过去分词过去分词”;过去完成过去完成时则是一个相对的时态时则是一个相对的时态,它所表示的动作不仅发生在过去它所表示的动作不仅发生在过去,更强调更强调”过过去的过去去的过去”,只有和过去的某时或某动作相比较时只有和过去的某时或某动作相比较时,才用到它。才用到它。现在完成时现在完成时过去完成时过去完成时 小结 1过去完成时的主动语态：had+done过去完成时的被动语态：had+been done过去完成时的结构03before(连词/介词)+过去的时间点“在.之前”b
8、y+过去的时间点“到.为止”by the end of+过去的时间点“到.为止”by the time+(一般过去时)“到.为止”1.由时间状语来判定一、基本用法1.by+过去的时间点I had finished reading the novel by nine oclock last night.2.by the end of+过去的时间点We had learned over two thousand English words by the end of last term.3.before+过去的时间点They had planted six hundred trees before
9、 last Wednesday.过去完成时时间状语如果动作有前后顺序，发生在前的用“过去完成时”发生在后的用”一般过去时”E.g.She said that she had seen the film before.2.由”过去的过去”来判定过去完成时：在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的过去完成时：在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作，表示动作发生的时间是动作，表示动作发生的时间是过去的过去过去的过去。一般过去时：一般过去时：过去过去某一时间所发生的动作或存在的状态。某一时间所发生的动作或存在的状态。e.g.They had arrived at the station be
10、fore the train left.They arrived at the station at ten yesterday.过去完成时与一般过去时的区别过去完成时与一般过去时的区别过去完成时与现在完成时的区别过去完成时与现在完成时的区别现在完成时表示的动作发生在过去现在完成时表示的动作发生在过去,但侧重对现在产生的结果或造成的但侧重对现在产生的结果或造成的影响影响,与现在有关与现在有关.其结构为其结构为”助动词助动词have/has+have/has+过去分词过去分词”;过去完成过去完成时则是一个相对的时态时则是一个相对的时态,它所表示的动作不仅发生在过去它所表示的动作不仅发生在过去,更
11、强调更强调”过过去的过去去的过去”,只有和过去的某时或某动作相比较时只有和过去的某时或某动作相比较时,才用到它。才用到它。到目前为止我已经学会了到目前为止我已经学会了30003000个单词个单词.I have learned 3000 English words so far.I have learned 3000 English words so far.到那时我已经学会了到那时我已经学会了30003000个英语单词个英语单词.I had learned 3000 English words till then.I had learned 3000 English words till th
12、en.1.某些动词可用过去完成时,表过去未曾实现的想法、希望、打算或意图等。hopewishexpectthinkintendmeansuppose We had hoped that you would come,but you didnt.我们本希望你来，但你没有来。I had thought that you would become a doctor.我本以为你会成为医生。二、特殊结构用法用于用于hope,intend,mean,think等动词表示未实现的愿望时等动词表示未实现的愿望时,意为意为“本打算，本想本打算，本想.”。e.g.I had intended visiting h
13、im this weekend but I wasnt able to make it.过去完成时的被动语态过去完成时的被动语态had been+过去分词过去分词e.g.A new farm-to-table restaurant had been set up by the chef before his new cookbook was published.2.It/This/That was+the first/second/.+time+that从句，从句，从句谓语常用过去完成时。从句谓语常用过去完成时。e.g.It was the first time that I had made
14、 such a mistake.3.It/This/That was+the+形容词最高级形容词最高级+名词名词+定语从句（从句用定语从句（从句用过去完成时）过去完成时）e.g.That was the most beautiful picture that I had seen.4.用于虚拟语气，表示与过去事实相反。用于虚拟语气，表示与过去事实相反。e.g.If you had come earlier,you would have met him.e.g.My father asked me if I had finished reading that book.The lady show
15、ed me the pictures she had painted.5.在主从复合句中，主句为过去时，从句动作发生在主句之前，在主从复合句中，主句为过去时，从句动作发生在主句之前，用过去完成时。用过去完成时。6.hardly.when./no sooner.than.：“刚刚.就就.”；hardly和和no sooner分句谓语常用过去完成时。分句谓语常用过去完成时。e.g.No sooner had Mo Yan stepped on stage than the audience broke into thunderous applause.04(1)The twins,who _ th
16、eir homework,were allowed to play badminton on the playground.A.will finish B.finish C.have finished D.had finished(2)-Jessie,its a pity you didnt go shopping on Nov.11th.It was really fantastic!-Really?If I _ so busy,I would have shopped for fun too.A.shouldnt be B.werent C.hadnt been D.wouldnt be(
17、3)The children ran away because they _ the window.A.was breaking B.had broken C.had been broken D.broke(4)Mary,when questioned why she _ in the exam,just lowered her head.A.cheats B.had cheated C.cheated D.has cheated1.单项选择【语境应用语境应用】完成句子。完成句子。1)The tickets _(sell)out before I came to the cinema.2)By
18、 the end of last year,we _(produce)20,000 cars.3)When the police arrived,the thieves _(run)away.4)She told us that the meeting _(cancel).had been sold had produced had run had been canceledA cow and a fox went out to search for food together.They 1._(go)only a few miles before they saw a lion coming
19、 their way.They were both very 2._(frighten).The fox thought of a way of saving his own life,and went up to the lion and said in his ear,“I 3._(help)you get hold of the cow without the trouble of hunting him,if you let me go free.”The lion agreed,and the fox then led the cow by a hidden pit(坑),which
20、 some hunter 4._(dig)as a trap for wild animals,and the cow fell into it.When the lion saw that the cow 5._(catch)and couldnt get away,he turned his attention to the fox.He soon finished him off,and then 6._(go)on to eat the cow.Betray(背叛)a friend,and youll often find you have destroyed yourself.had
21、 gonehad been caughtfrightenedwill helphad dugwent构成构成用法用法主动语态主动语态had done过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成的动作。过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成的动作。It was the first/second time that sb had done sth.hardly.when.;no sooner.than.过去没有实现的愿望、打算或意图。过去没有实现的愿望、打算或意图。hope,think,expect,mean,intend等。等。使用过去完成时要有过使用过去完成时要有过去时间为参照点。去时间为参照点。被动语态被动语态had been done过去完成时与一过去完成时与一般过去时区别般过去时区别表示动作发生的时间是表示动作发生的时间是过去的过去过去的过去。过去过去某一时间所发生的动作或存在的某一时间所发生的动作或存在的状态。状态。Homework1.Review what you have learned;2.Do some exercises to consolidate;3.Make sentences using had(been)done(on Page 29 Exercise 3).
