1、八年级下册知识要点Unit 1Whats the matter一、重点词组1. 感冒 have/catch/get a cold= have the flu 2. 胃痛 have a stomachache3. 发烧 have a fever4. 头痛 have a headache5. 躺下(休息)lie down (and rest)6. 量体温 take ones temperature7. 下车 get off 上车 get on8. 使惊奇的是 to ones surprise9. 立刻，马上 right away= at once10. 陷入，参与 get into11. 冒险 t
2、ake risks(take a risk)12. 习惯于做某事 be/ get used to doing sth.13. 用完，耗尽 run out of= use up14. 切除 cut off15. 作出决定 make decisions(make a decision)16. 离开，从出来 get out of17. 掌控，掌管 be in control of18. 放弃 give up19. 休息 take/ have brakes(take/ have a brake) =take/have rests(take/have a rest)20. 拍片 get/ take an
3、 X-ray21. 幸亏，由于 thanks to22. 及时 in time23. 摔倒，跌倒 fall down24. 登山 mountain climbing(n.词组) climb the mountain(v.词组)二、词形转换1. head (n)头-(n)headache 头疼 2. stomach (n)胃,肚子(n)stomachache 胃疼3. tooth (n)牙齿-(n)toothache 牙疼 4. she 她(反身代词)herself 她自己5. we 我们-(反身代词)ourselves6. climb (v)爬(n)climber 登山者7. knife (n
4、)小刀-(pl.)knives8. foot (n)脚，足(pl)feet9. decide (v)决定-(n)decision 决定10. mean (v)意思是,打算(n)meaning11. die (v)死-(n)death 死亡 12. important (adj)重要的(n)importance 重要性三、同义词、固定搭配1. Whats the matter with = Whats the trouble/ problem with = Whats wrong with 怎么啦2. run out of = use up 用完，用尽3. have problems doing
5、 sth = have trouble doing sth 做某事有困难4. be used to doing sth = get used to doing sth 习惯于做某事5. give up doing sth 放弃做某事6. mind doing sth介意做某事7. without doing sth 没有做某事8. hurt oneself 伤着自己9. cut oneself 划（割）伤自己10. think about/ of oneself 为自己考虑（着想）11. by oneself 单独、独自tea with honey 放蜂蜜的热茶13. agree to do
6、sth. 同意做某事14. be ready to do sth 准备做某事15. see / hear sb doing sth 看到（听到）某人正在做某事 （表示动作正在进行）see/ hear sb do sth看到（听到）某人做某事 （表示动作全过程）On my way to school, I saw a child crying in the street.Unit 2 I will help to clean up the city parks.一、重点词组1. 打扫、清除 clean up= clean out2. 使变得更高兴 cheer up= make sb. happi
7、er3. 分发 give out=hand out4. 想出、提出 come up with=think up/ of5. 推迟 put of (doing sth.)6. 打电话给 call up= ring up7. 照顾、关爱 care for= look after= take care of 8. 曾经，过去常常 used to do sth.9. 修理 fix up=repair=mend10. 参加选拔 try out11. 赠送、捐赠 give away12.（外貌、行为）像 take after13. 建立、设立 set up14. 残疾人 disabled people15
8、. 无家可归的人 homeless people 16. 影响、有作用 make a difference to sb. sth.17. 食品库 food bank18. 清洁日 Clean-Up Day19. 养老院 the old peoples home20. 兽医 animal doctor21. 理想的工作 dream job(可数)22. 满足感 feeling of satisfaction23. 与相似 be similar to24. 改变某人的生活 change ones life二、词形转换1. feel (v) - (n)feeling 感觉，感触2. satisfy
9、(v)(n)satisfaction 满足，满意3. own (v)-(n)owner 物主，所有者4. break(v)(adj)broken 破损的5. able(adj) -(adj)disabled 丧失能力的 6. difficult (adj)-(n)difficulty 困难，难题7. train (v)-(n)training 训练，培训 8. excite (v)(adj)excited/exciting9. kind (adj)-(n)kindness 仁慈，善良 10. understand (v)(过去式)understood三、同义词、固定搭配1. clean out
10、 = clean up 打扫；清除 2. come up with = think up / of 想出，提出3. give out = hand out 分发；散发4. give away = give to 赠送；捐赠5. difficulty = trouble / problem 困难，难题6. clever = smart 聪明的7. fix up = repair / mend 修理；修补 8. cheer sb up = make sb happier9. put off doing sth 推迟做某事10. learn to do sth 学会做某事11. stop doing
11、 sth 停止做某事stop to do sth 停下来做某事12. volunteer to do sth 志愿做某事13. a good way to do sth 一个做某事的好方法14. be worried about doing sth 为做某事而担心12. a friend of mine 我的一个朋友a friend of my fathers 我父亲的一个朋友13. be able to do sth 能做某事be unable to do sth 不能做某事14. alone 与 lonely 的区别alone (adj./adv.)=by oneself :“独自的（地）
12、，单独的（地）”.(be alone)lonely (adj.) :“孤独的,寂寞的”(feel lonely)15. a little , little; a few, few 的用法1）few, a few 后接复数名词； little, a little 后接不可数名词May I ask you a few questionsI can speak a little English.2) a few (一些，少数几个)， a little (一点儿)表示肯定：few, little (几乎没有)表示否定。The math problem is so difficult that few
13、students can work it out.There is little milk in the fridge. Please go and buy some.Unit 3 Could you please clean your room一、重点词组1. 扫地 sweep the floor2. 倒垃圾 take out the rubbish=throw rubbish/ trash3. 频繁；一直 all the time4. 一就 as soon as(用法同 if)5. 做家务 do chores6. 为了 in order to7. 依靠 depend on8. 照顾 tak
14、e care of= look after= care for= keep an eye on 9.客厅 living room10. 搭便车 get a ride11. 给某人搭便车 give sb. a ride12.给与帮助 help (out) with13. 扔下 throw down14. 随时，马上 any minute now15. 过来 come over16. 解决问题 solve the problem17. 惊奇地 in surprise18. 遛狗 take the dog for a walk19.没问题 no problem20. 浪费时间 waste of ti
15、me21. 其结果 as a result22. 生病 be ill= fall ill23. 从事、忙于 work on24. 一些喝的东西 something to drink二、词形转换(adj.)合理的；公正的(n)fairness 公正性；合理性2. fair (adj.)-(反义词)unfair 不合理的(v)(过去式)swept4. throw(v)-(过去式)threw(过去分词)thrown5. lend(v) -(过去式)lent(过去分词)lent6. lie(v-(过去式)lay-(过去分词)lain（现在分词)lying三、同义词、固定搭配care of = look
16、 after 照看、照顾2. hate = dislike 憎恨、不喜欢3. borrow from 向借（借入）4. lend to 把借给（借出）5. provide sb with sth 提供某人某物 = provide sth for sb 为某人提供某物6. in order to do sth7. depend on oneself 依靠自己Would/ Can you please + 动词原形：表示礼貌的请求，“你可以吗”肯定回答：Yes, sure. / Of course. / Certainly. / No problem. / All right./ Yes, Id
17、love to. / Yes, I can.否定回答：Sorry, I cant. I have to/ Id love to, but-Could you please clean your roomYes, sure. / Im sorry, I cant.9. Could / Can / May I + 动词原形：表示请求许可，“我可以吗”肯定回答：Yes, sure. / Of course./ Certainly./ No problem. / Yes, you can.否定回答：Sorry, you cant./ No, you cant.-Could I use your pen
18、-Certainly. Here you are. / Sorry, you cant. Im using it now.10. There is no need for sb to do sth. 没必要做某事11. do (take) part in doing sth 参加（参与）做某事s ones job (duty) to do sth. 做某事是某人的职责13. the +比较级， the +比较级：表示“越.越” The earlier, the better比较级+and +比较级：表示“越来越” Its becoming hotter and hotter.Unit 4 Wh
19、y dont you talk to your parents一、重点词组1. 浏览 look through2. 重要的事 big deal3.和睦相处 get on/ along with4. 与相处融洽 get on/ along well with5. 成功发展；算出 work out6. 与争吵 argue/ fight with7. 与交流 communicate with8.家庭成员 family member9.依看来 in ones opinion10. 与竞争 compete with sb.11. 与比较 comparewith12.哥哥 elder brother13.
20、 删除 cut out= delete14. 乌云 black cloud15. 足够的睡眠 enough sleep16. 空闲时间 free time (to do sth.)17. 球赛 ball game18.讲电话 talk on the phone19. 以便 so that20. 不再 notanymore21. 互相 each other22.课外活动 after-school activities23. 篮球训练 basketball training24. 太多的压力 too/ so much pressure二、词形转换(n) - (adj)cloudy 多云的2. ol
21、d (adj)(adj)elder 年长的(pron.)(pron.)whatever= no matter what 任何；每一4. communicate(v)(n)communication 交流；沟通5. press(v) -(n)pressure 压力6. develop(v)(n)development 发展；发育三、同义词、固定搭配1. Whats wrong= Whats the matter2. nervous = worried 焦虑的、担忧的3. offer = give 提供，自愿给予4. proper = right 正确的、恰当的5. communicate wit
22、h = talk with 和交流（交谈）6. have a fight with = fight with = get into a fight = argue with 和吵架7. perhaps = maybe 也许、可能8. return=give back (归还)/ come back (回来)9. allow sb to do sth 允许某人做某事10. offer to do sth 主动提出做某事11. continue doing / to do sth 继续做某事 = go on doing / to do sth12. refuse to do sth 拒绝做某事13
23、. be afraid of doing sth 害怕做某事14. not until 直到才15. spend on / doing sth 做某事花费16. Why dont you +动词原形 = Why not +动词原形 表示提建议。17. 提建议及应答：1) Lets +动词原形；2）could(可以) / should +动词原形；3) What / How about +V-ing4) Shall we +动词原形（我们将）5) Why dont you +动词原形 / Why not +动词原形6) Youd better +动词原形 (你最好)同意：Good idea!/
24、That s a good idea!/ That sounds good. / All right. / OK./ Yes, why not/ Id love to.不同意：Id love to, but/ Im afraid I cant. (要委婉拒绝)-Why dont you go to sleep earlier this evening-Good idea!Unit 5 What were you doing when the rainstorm came一. 重点词组1. (闹钟)发出响声2.接电话3. 睡着4.逐渐变弱，逐渐消失5. 看一看6.看7. 前往，费力地前进8. 沉
25、默，无声9.保 持 沉 默10. 拆 除 ; 记 录11. 首先，最初12.说实话13.在的侯14.寻找15.在那时16. 确信，确保17. 玩牌，打牌18.在路边19.在历史上20.剩下的，其余的21. 撒谎 二. 词形转换(v.)-(n.)-(V-ed)22. 做某事有困难(adj.)-(adv.)(adj.)-(adv.)(adj.)-(n.)(n.)-(adj.)(v.)-(n.)(V-ed)8. sleep(v.)-(adj.)9. wake(v.) -(adj.)10. die-(V-ing)11. lie-(V-ing)12. fallen(adj.)-(v.)(adj.)-(n
26、.)14. realize(v.)-(adj.)(adv.)-(adj.)16. shocked(adj.)-(v.)(adj.)-(n.)(adv.)-(adj.)(adj.)-(n.)三同义词，固定搭配1. rainstorm= storm 暴风雨up=pick up the phone=answer the phone3. begin/start to do sth.=begin/ start doing sth.开始做某事4. have a look= look at 看一看5. kid=fool 愚蠢的= child 小孩子=student 学生7. at first=to begi
27、n with=first of all 首先，最初8. be busy doing sth.= be busy with sth.忙于做某事=hard 大量地10. fall asleep= be asleep 睡着，入睡（表状态）11. over=more than 超过rest of= the other 其余的，剩下的down=destroy 拆除，损坏14.过去进行时：表示过去某一时刻或某段时间正在进行的动作。（1） 结构：was/ were+ Ving（2） 标志词：at this time yesterday, at 9:00 last night, at that time, a
28、t the time of while+ 过去进行时， 过去进行时+ when+ 一般过去时Her mother was cooking when she got home yesterday afternoon. (cook) We were having a math class at this time yesterday. (have)Unit 6 An old man tried to move the mountains.一. 重点词组1.有点儿，稍.提醒某人某事3.代替，而不是4.变成5.西方国家6.从前7.爱上某人8.结婚9.全校10.在月光下11. 通向，引起，导致12. 一
29、个勇敢的男/女孩13. 日复一日14.年复一年15.尝试做某事16. 忙于做某事17. 一就18.完成/结束做某事19.继续做某事=20. 把送/寄到21.如此以至于21. 考虑，思考，认为22. 努力工作/学习23.一个做某事的好方法24.放弃做某事25.同意某人26. 两者都不27.传统文化28.主角29.在传统的语文课本中30.事实上31.看起来像32.上映，出版，开花33.对做某事感兴趣34.制定计划做某事35.计划做某事36.沿路37.迷路38.回来，返回39.醒来40.出去，外出41.找到某人出去的路42.学习关于43.在月光下44.由制成(看得出原材料)二. 词形转换(V-ed)
30、(adj.)-(n.)(v.)-(adj.)-(adj)(n)-(adj.)(n.)-(adj.)6. marry (v)-(adj) 7. tradition (n)-(adj) 8. fall (v)-(V-ed) (V-ed) 三同义词，固定搭配= if not 如果不，除非2. go to sleep = get to sleep 去睡觉other times=sometimes 有时4. keep (on)doing sth 坚持做某事5. cant stop doing sth 情不自禁地做某事 We couldnt stop laughing when 6. turn onese
31、lf into 把自己变成He can turn himself into different things. (he)7. be/become interested in doing sth8. be +adj enough to do sthUnit 7 Whats the highest mountain in the world一. 重点词组1.（可以）随便（做某事）2. 就我所知3. 吸入，吞入4.面对（问题、困难等）5. 即使，虽然=6.出生时7. 到达（某数量、程度等）；至多有，不多于 8. 走路时撞着9. 绊倒10. 大 约12. 平 方 米13.长城14.濒临灭绝的动物15.
32、野生动物16. 放弃做某事17. 挑战某人自己18.做某事的重要性19.死于；因而死20.砍倒二. 词形转换1.Asia(n.)-(adj.)(adj.)-(adj.) (n.)-(v.)(n.)-(n.)-(adj.)(反义词)(adj.)-(v.)(n.)-(v.)-(adj.)-(adv.)8. nature(n.)-(adj.)9. weigh(v.) -(n.)10. birth(n.)-(n.)(pl.)12. endangered(adj.)-(v.)(n.)-(v.)14. awake(adj.)-(v.)(adj.)-(v.)16. illness(n.)-(adj.)(ad
33、j.)-(v.) (n.)-(v.)(pl.)三同义词，固定搭配= surprising 令人惊喜的=very old 古老的3. achieve ones dream=make ones dream come true 实现某人的梦想=well-known 著名的5. succeed= get success 成功5.计量表达法：数词+ 计量单位+ adj. The Yangtze River is 6300 kilometers long.This dictionary is about 50 centimeters thick. 6.用最高级的固定搭配：1） Which/ Who is
34、the +最高级，A, B or C/ in(of)短语表示三者或三者以上人或事物进行选择。Which is(big), the sun, the moon or the earthWho is(tall) student in our class2） one of + adj.最高级+复数名词：最之一，谓语用单数。China is one of the oldest countries in the world.单项选择1. China develops so fast. Thats true. It a lot already.A. changesB. changedC. will cha
35、ngeD. has changed2. Julia isnt going to the cinema with us because she the film.A. seesB. sawC. will seeD. has seen3. Id like to introduce my best friend to you, Peter. Thank you, Lucy. But we already.A. meetB. metC. will meetD. have met4. Kitty, will you go to see the film Cold Mountain this evenin
36、g No, I wont. I it already.A. sawB. have seenC. seeD. will see5. Our school is having a sports meeting. Someone here already.A. arrivedB. have arrivedC. has arrivedD. arrives6. you the movie Kungfu Panda II Not yet. Ill see it this Sunday.A. Did, seeB. Do, seeC. Have, seenD. Has, seen完形填空。One night
37、a man came to my house. He told me, “There is a family with three 51 . They have not eaten for days. ” After I asked him where thefamily was, I took some 52 with me and left.When I finally got to that family, I 53 those little children were too hungry to say 54 . There was no sadness in their eyes,
38、just the deep pain of hunger. I gave the food to the mother. She took half of it, and then 55 . When she returned, I asked her“ 56 did you go ” She gave methissimple( 简 单 的 ) 57 ,“Tomyneighborstheyarealso 58 !”I was not surprised that she gave, because poor people are always very kind.But I was surp
39、rised that she knew her 59 were hungry. Usually, we always 60 ourselves first, and we have no time for others.51. A. childrenB. workersC. farmersD. cooks52. A. flowers53. A. showed54. A. a sentence55. A. went outB. wineB. watchedB. a wordB. came backC. foodC. lookedC. itC. rush inD. waterD. foundD.
40、nothingD. hurried back56. A. WhenB. WhereC. HowD. Why57. A. questionB. decisionC. answerD. lie58. A. illB. unhappyC. tiredD. hungry59. A. peopleB. neighborsC. familyD. children60. A. think ofB. talk aboutC. laugh atD. look forUnit 8 Have you read Treasure Island yet一词组：1.满是 2.赶快；急忙 3.属于 4.科幻小说(电影) 5
41、. 流行音乐/歌曲 6.篮球迷 7.乡村音乐 8.摇滚乐队 9.世界纪录 10. 自从 11.互相；彼此 12.写的事；写到 13.听说 14.长大；成长 15.留学 16.带回；使回忆起 17.对善良 18.放下/写下 19.等待 20.现场演唱 21.永远 二词形转换：1.France-(n/adj) 2. actual(adj)(adv) (n.)-(adj) (v.)-(n.) (n.)(adj) /(v) (n.)(adj) t wait to do sth 迫不及待做某事 to do sth 希望做某事sb do sth看见某人做某事see sb doing sth看见某人正在做某
42、事s ones dream to do sth.做某事是某人的梦想11.写出下列动词的过去式和过去分词：原形过去式过去分词原形过去式过去分词bebuilddo/doesbringgobuyhearthinkmakedrinkloserunreadleavecutsellputtell三同近义词：1. reach=get to=arrive in/at到达another=each other 互相；彼2. more than=over 超过；多于4. these days=now 现在；如今Unit 9Have you ever been to a museum一.词组：1.到某地去了 2.曾去
43、过某地 3.游乐场 4.主题公园 5.水上公园 6.取得进步 7.全年 8. 某个不同的地方 9.太空/艺术/历史/科学/自然/电影博物馆 10.茶艺 11. 茶具 12. 两个；一对；几个 13.数以千计的；成千上万的 14. 一方面. 另一方面. 15. 四分之三 16. 一个说英语的国家 17.自然环境 18.当然 19.离远 20.了解 21. 中国/西方/印度/日本食物 22. 西方国家 23.皎洁的月光 24.笑脸 25.去滑冰 26.支撑；搭起；张贴 27.快乐的童年 28.在晚上 29.在白天 30.睡着；进入梦乡 31.醒来 二.词形转换：(v.)-(n.) (v.)-(adj) / (反) /(adv) 4. society(n.)-（adj） (n.)-(adj) (反身代词) （pl） (pl.) (adj)- （ dv ） (adj)-(adv) （ v ） - （ adj ） (n.)（adj） (n.)(n./adj) (n.)(n./adj)
