1、简单句简单句+关系代词关系代词/副词副词+简单句简单句the people surprised That in the room.定语定语who were sitting in the room.who were present.whose sons were at war.who had signed the contract.定语从句定语从句antecedent 先行词先行词修饰修饰 由一个句子充当定语从句的位置：在名词或代词后先行词：被定语从句修饰的词引导词：引导定语从句的词：关系代词、关系副词 引导词的作用：(1)引导定语从句 (2)在从句中作一成份 (3)代替先行词在从句中的位置定语
2、从句定语从句用适当的关系词填空。用适当的关系词填空。1.The car _ we hired broke down after a few miles.2.It is a good choice for tourists _ prefer visiting places of historical interest.3.This is the pilot with _ my brother has worked for ten years.4.Could you please pass me the book _ cover is green?5.Jackson likes the bike
3、_ his uncle gave him as a birthday gift.that/which/不填不填that/whowhomwhosethat/which指代内容指代内容所作成分所作成分是否可省略是否可省略thatwhichwhowhomwhoseas关系代词的用法关系代词的用法人；物人；物物物人人人人(人人/物物)的的主语主语,宾语宾语主语主语,宾语宾语主语主语,宾语宾语宾语宾语定语定语作宾语可省作宾语可省作宾语可省作宾语可省作宾语可省作宾语可省可省可省不可省不可省人人/物物不可省不可省主语主语,宾语宾语用法用法1.先行词为先行词为all，everything，nothing，so
4、mething，anything，little，much等不定代词等不定代词2.先行词被先行词被序数词序数词或或最高级最高级修饰修饰3.先行词先行词既有人又有物既有人又有物4.先行词被先行词被all，every，no，some，any，little，much，the only，the very，the last，just，right等修饰等修饰5.先行词是先行词是who或或which引导的主句中引导的主句中先行词是先行词是one，ones，anybody，anyone，all，none，those等等一般一般用用that而而不用不用which一般一般用用who不用不用that类别语法意义及特征
5、限制性定语从句对先行词起修饰限制作用，如果去掉，主句意思就不完整明确，这种从句与主句的关系十分密切，写时不用逗号分开。写时不用逗号分开。非限制性定语从句对先行词作附加的说明，与主句的关系不十分密切，较松散。从句和主句之间用逗号分开从句和主句之间用逗号分开，相当于一个插入语，不能用不能用thatthat引导引导，关系代词做宾语时也不能省略。限制性定语从句限制性定语从句、非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句a.The accident happened at the time when I left.b.His mother,whom he loved deeply,died ten years ag
6、o.a.Such machines as are used in our workshop are made in China.b.“You cant judge a book by its cover,”as the old saying goes.as也可以引导非限制性定语从句，定语从句说明整个句子，可也可以引导非限制性定语从句，定语从句说明整个句子，可放在主句之前。常用的这种类似插入语的句式有放在主句之前。常用的这种类似插入语的句式有as is said above，as is already mentioned above，as often happens，as is often th
7、e case，as is reported in the newspaper，such.as.，the same.as.等。等。指代内容指代内容所作成分所作成分是否可省略是否可省略位置位置意义意义whichas整个句子整个句子整个句子整个句子主语主语,宾语宾语主语主语,宾语宾语作宾语可省作宾语可省作宾语可省作宾语可省句中、末句中、末句首句首,中中,末末正如正如这这as与与which的的定语从句的定语从句的区别：区别：a.They won the game,which we hadnt expected.b.As is well known,he is a famous film star in
8、 the 1980s.指代内容指代内容所作成分所作成分转换形式转换形式whenwherewhy关系副词的用法关系副词的用法timeplacereason时间状语时间状语地点状语地点状语原因状语原因状语=in/at which=at/in/on which=for whicha.This is the place where(in which)we lived ten years ago.b.The hotel is the one where(at which)I stayed last month.where引导的定语从句修饰表示引导的定语从句修饰表示地点地点(如如place，room，ho
9、use，area，point，situation，case)的先行词的先行词，在定语从句中作，在定语从句中作地点状语地点状语，相当于相当于“介词介词+关系代词关系代词(which)”。当先行词表示抽象空间概念的名词，如当先行词表示抽象空间概念的名词，如 case(情况情况),point(地步地步)situation(情形情形),position(位位置置),stage(阶段阶段)时，时，可用可用where 引导定语从句。引导定语从句。Eg.Ive come to the point where I cant stand him.a.He told me the date when(on whi
10、ch)he joined the Party.b.1949 was the year when(in which)the P.R.C.was founded.when引导的定语从句修饰表示引导的定语从句修饰表示时间时间(如如time，day，year，occasion，moment)的先行词的先行词，在定语从句中作在定语从句中作时间状语时间状语，相当于相当于“介词介词+关关系代词系代词(which)”。a.I know the reason why(for which)she was so angry.b.This is the reason why(for which)we put off
11、the match.why引导的定语从句表示引导的定语从句表示原因原因(先行词一般先行词一般是是reason),在定语从句中作在定语从句中作原因状语原因状语，相当，相当于于“for which”。where/in whichwhy/for whichwhen/on whichof whomwhere/in which1考查定语从考查定语从句中句中动词与介动词与介词的搭配。词的搭配。Wind power is an ancient source of energy to which we may return in the near future.风力是一种古老的能源，也许在不久的将来我们风力是
12、一种古老的能源，也许在不久的将来我们(人类人类)会再会再次使用它。次使用它。2考查考查形容词形容词与介词的搭配与介词的搭配习惯。习惯。He referred to me some reference books with which I am not very familiar.他要我去参考一些我不太熟悉的参考书。他要我去参考一些我不太熟悉的参考书。3考查根据考查根据句句意意确定介词。确定介词。I am looking for my glasses，without which I cant watch TV clearly.我正在找我的眼镜，没有它我就看不清电视了。我正在找我的眼镜，没有它我就
13、看不清电视了。介词关系代词介词关系代词 如果后面的定语从句中如果后面的定语从句中缺少状语缺少状语时，可以用时，可以用that或或in which引导，也可以引导，也可以省略省略关系词。关系词。如果定语从句中如果定语从句中缺少宾语缺少宾语时，要用时，要用that或或which引导，也可以引导，也可以省略省略关系词关系词当当way表示方法、方式作先行词时：表示方法、方式作先行词时：a.I dont like the way that/in which/不填不填 he speaks to his mother.关系副词与关系代词的区分关系副词与关系代词的区分 The reason _ she gav
14、e was not true.This is the reason _ I didnt come.why/for which指时间，地点或原因的先行词在定语从句中：指时间，地点或原因的先行词在定语从句中：作作状语状语时，用关系副词时，用关系副词where/when/why等引导。等引导。which/that指时间，地点或原因的先行词在定语从句中：指时间，地点或原因的先行词在定语从句中：作作主语主语或或宾语宾语时，用关系代词时，用关系代词which或或that引导引导。作宾语时，关系代词可以省略。作宾语时，关系代词可以省略。1.This is the place _ he works.This
15、is the place _we visited last year.2.That was the time _ he arrived.Do you still remember the time _ we spent together?3.This is the reason _ he went.The reason _ he gave us was quite reasonable.wherewhich/that/不填不填 whenthat/which/不填不填 why/for which that/which/不填不填 归纳：归纳：由上可见，选择关系代词与关系副词的关键取决于先行词在由上
16、可见，选择关系代词与关系副词的关键取决于先行词在从句中所担当的成分：从句中所担当的成分：如果先行词在定语从句中如果先行词在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语时，使用关系作主语、宾语、表语、定语时，使用关系代词代词；如果关系词在从句中如果关系词在从句中作状语（时间、地点、原因）则用关系副词作状语（时间、地点、原因）则用关系副词。定语从句解题步骤：定语从句解题步骤：第一、找出先行词第一、找出先行词第二、看先行词在定语从句中充当的成分第二、看先行词在定语从句中充当的成分第三、选择合适的关系词第三、选择合适的关系词单句改错1.This is the longest train which I have
17、 ever seen.2.Which we all know,swimming is a very good sport.3.The radio set which I bought it last week has gone wrong.4.The day will come which the people all over the world will win liberation.5.He is a man of great experience,from who much can be learned.whichthatWhichAs去掉itwhichwhenwhowhom6.Cha
18、pin,for who money is now no problem,starts a new film company with his friends.7.It was a meeting that importance I didnt realize at that time.8.They have decided to stay at home,that is,I think,a wise choice.9.Ill tell you all what he told me last week.10.His parents wouldnt let him marry anyone wh
19、om family was poor.whowhomthatwhosethatwhichwhatthatwhomwhose语法填空 The books on the desks,1.covers are shiny,are prizes for us.The book is well written and well printed.There are few,if any,mistakes in it.This is the book 2.I have read dozens of times.When you read the book,youd better make a mark 3.
20、you have any questions.From this experience I have learnt that questioning can serve as a bridge 4.helps us to seek the truth.The book has helped me greatly in my daily communication,especially at work 5.a good impression is a must.whosethat/whichwherethat/whichwhereI am looking forward to the day 6
21、.my daughter can read this book and know my feelings for her.I borrowed another book from the library last week,7.my classmate recommended to me.To be honest,I dont really like the author.It is not such a book 8.can be considered exciting.Besides,I just cant understand the way 9.he describes things,
22、which might be the reason 10.his works are not widely read.whenwhichasthatwhyKate is a girl.Her parents are teachers.On September 1st,she became a senior student.Every day she walks to school.It is only 2 hundred meters away from her home.Yesterday,she visited the museum.She saw a lot of ancient thi
23、ngs there.Combine the following sentences,using attributive clause and some conjunctions.Kate is a girl whose parents are teachers.Every day she walks to school which is only two hundred meters away from her home.she visited themuseum where she saw a lot of ancient thingsPrepare a story about something scary or unusual you experienced or you know and use relative clauses to tell it to your partner.P33 12 Pair workExample:My story happened on a dark night when
