1、B3Unit 1 Nature in the balance1.harm/hm/n.&vt.伤害,损害伤害,损害(1)harmful adj.有害的有害的harmless(反义反义词词)adj.无恶意的无恶意的cause/do harm to.对对造成伤害造成伤害/有害有害There is no harm in doing sth 做做某事没有害处某事没有害处harmful adj.有害的有害的 be harmful to 对对有害有害众所周知,观看暴力电视节目真的对孩子有害。众所周知,观看暴力电视节目真的对孩子有害。As we know,watching violence on TV rea
2、lly harms children.(同义句还(同义句还有哪些?)有哪些?)There is no harm in paying much attention to table manners while eating with your friends.与朋友一起吃饭时,多注意餐桌礼仪没有坏处。与朋友一起吃饭时,多注意餐桌礼仪没有坏处。2.ecosystem/iksstm/n.生态系统生态系统(2)复数复数 ecosystemsThey believed that the greater the diversity the more stable the ecosystem.他们认为,生物
3、多样性越丰富,生态系统就越稳定。他们认为,生物多样性越丰富,生态系统就越稳定。3.overseas/vsiz/adj.海外的,国外的海外的,国外的 adv.向(在)海外,向(在)国外向(在)海外,向(在)国外(2)overseas students/visitors 外国留学生外国留学生游客游客live/work/go overseas 在国外生活在国外生活工作;出工作;出国国But China has made it much more convenient and popular both in China/at home and overseas.但中国让它在中国和海外都变得更加方便和流
4、行。但中国让它在中国和海外都变得更加方便和流行。4.continent/kntnnt/n.大陆,陆地;洲大陆,陆地;洲 continental/kntnentl/大洲的;大陆的大洲的;大陆的5.length/le/n.长,长度;时间的长短;篇幅,长,长度;时间的长短;篇幅,(电影)片长(电影)片长(2)The length of the article should be limited to 400 words or so.文章的长度应限制在四百词左文章的长度应限制在四百词左右。右。The red ruler is three times as long as the yellow one.
5、The red ruler is three times the length of the yellow one.The length of the road is four times what it was three years ago.The scientists subscribe to the theory that running regularly can lengthen our lives.in length 长度长度 at length 最后,终于;详细地最后,终于;详细地 at arms length 以一臂之距以一臂之距 keep sb at arms length
6、与某人保持距离与某人保持距离 lengthen vt.(使)变长(使)变长We have already discussed this matter at great length.我们已经十分详尽地我们已经十分详尽地讨论了这个问题。讨论了这个问题。The river is 300 miles in length.这条河长这条河长300英里。英里。=The river is 300 miles long.The snake usually reaches a length of 100 cm.蛇一般长达蛇一般长达100厘米。厘米。6.biodiversity/badavsti/n.生物多样性生
7、物多样性 U (2)diversity/davsti/n.多样性多样性,多样化多样化;差异(性);不同(点)差异(性);不同(点)U diverse /davs/不同的;相异的;多种多样的不同的;相异的;多种多样的My interests are very diverse.非常广泛。非常广泛。7.nut/nt/n.坚果坚果(3)a hard/tough nut 难对付的人;难说服的人难对付的人;难说服的人a hard/tough nut(to crack)棘手的问题;不好对付的情形棘手的问题;不好对付的情形8.variety/vrati/n.不同种类;变化,多样不同种类;变化,多样 性;变种,
8、变体性;变种,变体(3)various adj.各种各样的各种各样的variety n变化;多样变化;多样(化化);多变;多变(性性)vary vi.&vt.变化变化a variety of/varieties of种种;各种各样的种种;各种各样的vary in.在在(大小、形状等大小、形状等)上不同上不同vary from.to.由由到到不等不等vary with.随随变化变化/改变改变 The training schedule includes joining in a variety of activities.训练日程训练日程包括参加各种各样的活动包括参加各种各样的活动.=_ act
9、ivities The prices of some goods vary with the season,as is often the case.物品的物品的价格随着季节的变化价格随着季节的变化9.beneath/bni/prep.在在下面,在下面,在下下 方;配不上方;配不上;(对某人来说)不够(对某人来说)不够好好(3)The boat sank beneath the waves.小船被大浪吞没了。小船被大浪吞没了。He considers such jobs beneath him.他觉得这种工作有失他的身份。他觉得这种工作有失他的身份。He remains a towering
10、figure in rock and roll.他仍是摇滚乐界的一位杰出人物。他仍是摇滚乐界的一位杰出人物。He towered over his classmates.他的个儿比班里其他同学高出一大截。他的个儿比班里其他同学高出一大截。12.living/lv/adj.活着的,活的;在使用的活着的,活的;在使用的 n.生计,谋生生计,谋生 Cusually sing.;生活方式;生活方式 U(3)living languages现用语言现用语言 earn/make a living谋生谋生=earn ones living谋生谋生What do you do for a living?你靠什
11、么谋生?你靠什么谋生?More and more people become aware that living in harmony with nature is essential.13.survive/svav/vi.生存,存活生存,存活 vt.幸存,幸免于难幸存,幸免于难;比比活得长活得长(3)survive sth 幸免于;从幸免于;从中挺过来中挺过来survivor n.幸存者幸存者 survival n.U幸存;幸存;C残存物残存物survive from 从从存活下来;流传下来存活下来;流传下来 A survive B(by.)A比比B活得长活得长(几年几年)After she
12、 had survived that night,she was confident that everything else would be all right.Having survived that night,she was confident that everything else would be all right.14.in turn 相应地,转而相应地,转而;依次;轮流;逐个依次;轮流;逐个(3)take turns to do sth.轮流做某事轮流做某事 by turns 轮流;交替轮流;交替 ones turn 轮到某人轮到某人taken a turn for th
13、e worse突然变坏突然变坏=change for the worseThese behavioral changes may in turn be harmful to the health.这些行为的改变反过来可这些行为的改变反过来可能对健康产生危害。能对健康产生危害。15.break down(机器机器)出故障;破坏;出故障;破坏;(谈判、计划等谈判、计划等)失败;破裂;失败;破裂;(身体身体)垮掉;垮掉;(化学化学)分解分解The peace talks broke down with no agreement reached.(谈判谈判)失败失败 You will break do
14、wn if you always stay up late.(身体身体)垮掉垮掉 We were downloading learning materials when our computer broke down.出故障出故障 Chemicals in the body break down our food into useful substances.分解分解 break away(from)挣脱挣脱(束缚束缚);脱离;摆脱;脱离;摆脱 break in破门而入,打断谈话破门而入,打断谈话break into 闯入闯入 break up破碎;破碎;(关系等关系等)破裂;驱散,解散;破裂
15、;驱散,解散;break out(战争、火灾等战争、火灾等)爆发,发生爆发,发生break through冲破冲破(障碍障碍);突破;突破;克服;战胜克服;战胜16.nutrient/njutrint/n.营养素,营养物营养素,营养物(3)nutritious adj.有营养的,营养丰富的有营养的,营养丰富的17.breathe(new)life into 给给带来起色,带来起色,注入活力注入活力(3)A teacher should try to breathe new life into his subject.教师应教师应当给自己所授学科注入新的活力。当给自己所授学科注入新的活力。18.
16、disappear/dsp(r)/vi.不复存在,不复存在,灭绝,消亡;消失;失灭绝,消亡;消失;失踪踪(3)disappear vi.消失;失踪消失;失踪disappearance n消失,失踪消失,失踪appear v出现;显得出现;显得appearance n出现;外貌;外观出现;外貌;外观Lisa watched until the train disappeared from view.莉萨一直看莉萨一直看着火车从视线中消失。着火车从视线中消失。19.due/dju/to 由于,因为由于,因为(3)=owing to=because of=on account of=on the b
17、asis of=as a result ofbecause/since/as+句子句子 in that 因为,由于因为,由于+句子句子 on the basis that+句子句子The aim of the Hope Project is to prevent some students from quitting school due to poverty.希望工程的目的就是阻止一些学生因贫困而辍学。希望工程的目的就是阻止一些学生因贫困而辍学。20.agriculture/rklt(r)/n.农业,农学农业,农学(3)agricultural adj.农业的农业的21.impact/mpk
18、t/n.影响,作用;撞击,冲撞影响,作用;撞击,冲撞/mpkt/vi.&vt.有影响;有影响;冲击冲击(3)They say they expect the meeting to have a marked impact on the future of the country.他们说期望这次会议对国家的未来产生显著的影响。他们说期望这次会议对国家的未来产生显著的影响。22.extinction/kstkn/n.灭绝,绝种灭绝,绝种(3)extinct/kstkt/adj.已灭绝已灭绝的;绝种的的;绝种的23.damage/dmd/vt.&n.损害,伤害,损害,伤害,损坏,破坏损坏,破坏dam
19、age sbs career/reputation/health损害某人的事业损害某人的事业/名誉名誉/健康健康do/cause(great)damage to.对对造成造成(很大的很大的)损害损害You should not do the things that might damage your reputation.你不应该做那些可能损害你名誉的事情。你不应该做那些可能损害你名誉的事情。24.build up 逐渐增加,扩大逐渐增加,扩大;增高增高,加强加强;创建;开发创建;开发 (5)build up ones strength/body强身健体强身健体 build up a rela
20、tionship with和和建立关系建立关系Not only does doing exercise build up our body,but also it provides time for us to refresh our mind做运动不仅强身健体,而且能够让我们有时间振做运动不仅强身健体,而且能够让我们有时间振奋精神。奋精神。25.global/lbl/adj.全球的;全面的全球的;全面的(6)It is assumed that global warming and climate change could cause even more disasters in the f
21、uture.globe n.全球全球 the globe;地球仪地球仪globally adv.全球地;世界上全球地;世界上e up with 想出,想到想出,想到;拿出;提出;拿出;提出(6)keep up with与与同步,跟上同步,跟上(强调状态强调状态)catch up with跟上跟上(强调动作强调动作)put up with忍耐,忍受;熬过忍耐,忍受;熬过 end up with以以结束结束 come across(偶然偶然)遇见;发现遇见;发现come up 上来上升长出,发芽被提出讨论上来上升长出,发芽被提出讨论 when it comes to.当谈到当谈到时时 come a
22、bout发生发生(无被动形式无被动形式)come to oneself苏醒,恢复知觉苏醒,恢复知觉come out出来,出版(真相)大白,(事情)为人所知出来,出版(真相)大白,(事情)为人所知(照片)冲洗出来长出,发(照片)冲洗出来长出,发芽(牙齿)掉落,(颜色)脱落芽(牙齿)掉落,(颜色)脱落 come on赶快!过来加油得了吧赶快!过来加油得了吧When it comes to English learning,I have some suggestions to share.Firstly,when you come across unfamiliar words,dont alway
23、s refer to the dictionary.Besides,when teachers questions come up in class,you should try to come up with answers.Lastly,if you fail,you must say to yourself,“Come on!”27.call for+sth(公开)要求;需要(公开)要求;需要(6)call for sb(去)接某人(去)接某人call on/upon 访问,拜访;号召,请求访问,拜访;号召,请求(call on/upon sb 拜访某人拜访某人call on/upon
24、sb to do sth号召某人做某事号召某人做某事)call in 召来召来,请某人来请某人来 call back 再打电话;回电话再打电话;回电话call up 打电话给某人;征召某人入伍;使回忆起;使想起打电话给某人;征召某人入伍;使回忆起;使想起 call out 召唤出动;大声叫唤;召唤出动;大声叫唤;下令某人罢工下令某人罢工28.application/plken/n.应用,运用;申请应用,运用;申请(6)apply vi.申请申请 vt.使用,应用使用,应用applicant n申请人申请人apply(to sb.)for sth.(向某人向某人)申请某物申请某物 apply t
25、o sb对某人适用对某人适用apply sth.to sth.把某物应用于把某物应用于apply oneself to致力于致力于/专心于专心于(to为介词为介词)=apply ones mind to If you apply yourself to the job in hand,youll finish it ahead of schedule.=Applying yourself to the job in hand,youll soon finish it ahead of schedule.(用现在用现在分词短语作状语改写分词短语作状语改写)=Apply yourself to t
26、he job in hand,and youll finish it ahead of schedule.(用用“祈使句祈使句and陈述句陈述句”改写改写)29.organization/nazen/n.组织,团体;组织,团体;组织工作;安排;条理组织工作;安排;条理(7)organize vt.组织,筹备;安排,处理组织,筹备;安排,处理organized adj.有组织的;系统的有组织的;系统的organizer n组织者,安排者组织者,安排者30.absolutely/bslutli/adv.绝对地,完全绝对地,完全 地;极其地;极其(7)absolute adj.绝绝对的,完全的对的,
27、完全的absolutely可以用来表示可以用来表示“(强调同意或允许)当然,对极了(强调同意或允许)当然,对极了”。31.belt/belt/n.地区;腰带;传送带地区;腰带;传送带(7)do up/fasten/tighten a belt 系上系上扎牢扎牢扎紧腰带扎紧腰带32.spring to mind 突然记起(或想到)突然记起(或想到)(8)Integrity and honesty are words that spring to mind when talking of the man.谈到这个人时就会马上想到谈到这个人时就会马上想到“正直正直”和和“诚实诚实”这两个词。这两个词
28、。bear/keep sb/sth in mind 将将记在心中;记住记在心中;记住make your mind up 做出决做出决定;下定决心定;下定决心spring to ones feet 突然站了起来突然站了起来 spring from 由某事物造成;突如其由某事物造成;突如其来地从(某处)出现来地从(某处)出现1.entirely/ntali/adv.完全地,完整地(11)entire adj.整个的;完全的 entirety/ntarti/n.全部;全体;整体 当all,both,each,everybody,everyone,everything,always,whole,ent
29、irely等具有总括意义的代词、形容词和副词与否定副词not连用时,构成了部分否定,意为“不是都;并非都”。no one,no,none,never,neither,nothing等表示否定意义的词(组)与肯定式谓语一起使用时,构成“全部否定”。37.get rid/rd/of 摆脱,丢弃,扔掉摆脱,丢弃,扔掉(11)rid sb of sth 使某人摆脱某物使某人摆脱某物 rid oneself of.使某人自己摆使某人自己摆脱脱be rid of.摆脱摆脱(表示状态表示状态)get rid of.摆脱摆脱/扔掉扔掉/辞辞掉掉(表示动作表示动作)We are moving to London
30、,so we have to get rid of a lot of furniture here.Considering your health,you should rid yourself of your bad habits.38.protest/prtest/vi.反对,抗议反对,抗议 vt.坚持声称,申辩坚持声称,申辩/prtest/n.抗议,反对抗议,反对(11)protest sth or protest against sth 抗议抗议1.profit/prft/n.利润,收益;好处 vi.&vt.获益,得到好处(11)non-profit非营利的make(a)profit
31、on/from sth 从中获利 profit by/from sth 从中获益/得到好处 profitable adj.有利润的;赢利的;有益的;有好处的2.defence/dfens/(AmE defense)n.辩护;防御,保护;防御物;国防;防守(11)The Great Wall was built from the Qin Dynasty and its purpose was_to_defend_their_own_territories_from/against_the_invasion_of_their_enemies.长城自从秦朝时就开始修建,它的目的是保护他们自己的领土不
32、被敌人入侵。in defence of保卫;为辩护defensive adj.防御性的;自我保护的defend vt.防御;保护,保卫;辩解;辩白;(为)辩护defend sb./sth.from/against sb./(doing)sth.保护某人(物)免受伤害;保卫某人(物)My wife and I use pepper spray to defend ourselves from being attacked by the polar bear.我和妻子用胡椒喷雾(pepper spray)保护自己不受北极熊的攻击。41.various/veris/adj.各种不同的,各种各各种不同
33、的,各种各 样的样的(11)She is occupied in looking after three children at home,so she no longer has time to enjoy the various activities in the club.Occupied_in_looking_after three children at home,she no longer has time to enjoy the various activities in the club.(occupy,过去分词作状语过去分词作状语)Occupying_herself_in_
34、looking_after three children at home,she no longer has time to enjoy the various activities in the club.(occupy,现在分词作状语,现在分词作状语)We may have different opinions in organizing class activities.We may have various ways to_deal_with_such_a_situation.对对于组织班级活动我们或许有不同的观点。我们也许有不同的方法来于组织班级活动我们或许有不同的观点。我们也许有不
35、同的方法来处理这一情况。处理这一情况。名师指津名师指津deal with表示表示“处理处理”时,与疑问词时,与疑问词how连用;连用;do with表示表示“处理处理”时,与疑问词时,与疑问词what连用。连用。42.process/prses/n.过程,进程;步骤,流程过程,进程;步骤,流程 vt.加工,处理加工,处理(11)in the process of 在在过程中过程中43.economic/iknmk/adj.经济的,经济上经济的,经济上 的;可赚钱的的;可赚钱的(12)economy n经济体,经济经济体,经济(情况情况)economical adj.节约的;经济节约的;经济的的
36、economist n经济学家经济学家44.recycle/risakl/vt.回收利用,再利用回收利用,再利用(12)recyclable 可回可回收利用的;可再循环的收利用的;可再循环的45.poverty/pvti/n.贫穷,贫困;贫乏贫穷,贫困;贫乏(12)He had never looked down on/upon Mr Harding on account of his poverty.他从来没有因为哈丁先生的贫穷而看不起他。他从来没有因为哈丁先生的贫穷而看不起他。46.poison/pzn/vt.污染;毒死,毒害污染;毒死,毒害 n.毒物,毒药毒物,毒药(13)poisono
37、us adj.有毒的有毒的47.consequence/knskwns/n.结果,后果;结果,后果;重要性重要性(13)consequent adj.随之而来的;作为结果的随之而来的;作为结果的consequently adv.因因此,所以此,所以as a consequence(in consequenceas a result)结果,因此结果,因此as a consequence of(in consequence ofas a result of)由于由于in consequenceconsequently adv.因此;结果因此;结果48.give rise to 使发生(或存在)使发生(或存在)(13)引发引发,导致,引起导致,引起lead to(ones/one)doing sth.导致导致(某人某人)做某事做某事表示表示“导致导致”的短语还有:的短语还有:lead to,contribute to,bring about,result inIt is wellknown that success lies in hard work while laziness results in failure.感谢观看感谢观看单击添加副标题