1、Adversity and CourageAdversity and CourageUnit 4 Unit 4 Learning about language(Discover useful structures)Present perfect continuous tense现在完成进行时Present perfect continuous tense现在完成时L e a d-i nPracticeProductionPresentatioinbarkbarkrugbyrugbybatbatdampdamprecrearecreationtionguidguidanceancenephewn
2、ephewadvertisadvertisingingadvertiseadvertisecorporatecorporatevi.&n.vi.&n.（狗）（狗）吠叫；吠叫声吠叫；吠叫声n.n.橄榄球运动橄榄球运动n.n.球拍；蝙蝠球拍；蝙蝠 v vi i.&v.&vt t.用球板击球；挥打；拍打用球板击球；挥打；拍打adj.adj.潮湿的；湿气重的潮湿的；湿气重的n.n.娱乐；消遣；游戏娱乐；消遣；游戏n.n.指导；引导；导航指导；引导；导航n.n.侄子；外甥侄子；外甥n.n.广告活动；广告业广告活动；广告业vt.&vi.vt.&vi.公布；宣传；做广告公布；宣传；做广告adj.adj.公司
3、的；法人的；社团的公司的；法人的；社团的Lead-inLead-inI _ with a shadow overheadI _ with a shadow overheadI I _ withwith a a cloudcloud aboveabove mymy bedbedI have been lonely for so longI have been lonely for so longTrapped in the past,I just cant seem to move onTrapped in the past,I just cant seem to move onI _ all
4、my hopes and dreams awayI _ all my hopes and dreams awayJust in case I ever need them again somedayJust in case I ever need them again somedayI _ aside time to clear a little space in the corners I _ aside time to clear a little space in the corners of of my mind my mindhave been living have been li
5、ving have been sleepinghave been sleepinghave been hidinghave been hidinghave been settinghave been settingThe The Present Perfect Continuous Present Perfect Continuous TenseTense1.1.This is the adventure that I This is the adventure that I have beenhave been dreamingdreaming of.of.现在完成进行时态现在完成进行时态2
6、.We are now camped on the ice and we 2.We are now camped on the ice and we have been managinghave been managing to survive,but spring is to survive,but spring is coming,and the ice will soon begin to ing,and the ice will soon begin to melt.3.We 3.We have been strugglinhave been struggling g for days
7、,but things on Elephant Island are going from for days,but things on Elephant Island are going from bad to worse.bad to worse.The The Present Perfect Continuous Present Perfect Continuous TenseTenseform:form:have/has been doinghave/has been doing现在完成进行时现在完成进行时 The The Present Perfect Continuous Pres
8、ent Perfect Continuous TenseTense 现在完成进行时现在完成进行时 1.1.基本概念基本概念/用法用法 2.2.结构结构3.3.常用时间状语（时间标志词）常用时间状语（时间标志词）4.4.现在完成进行时和现在完成时的区别现在完成进行时和现在完成时的区别PresentationPresentationPresent perfect continuousPresent perfect continuous现在完成进行时现在完成进行时1.1.强调动作的持续性：强调动作的持续性：现在完成进行时表示现在完成进行时表示动作从过去的某一动作从过去的某一时间开始一直持续到现在，还
9、有可能延续下去时间开始一直持续到现在，还有可能延续下去，动作是否延续，动作是否延续下去视上下文而定。下去视上下文而定。The Chinese have been making paper for two thousand years.中国有2000年的造纸历史。动作还将继续下去动作还将继续下去He was tired,he has been working all day.他累了，他整天都在工作。一、基本概念一、基本概念/用法用法这些天来他一直在给我们的杂志写文章。Tom had been phoning Alice every night for several months.几个月来，汤姆
10、每天晚上都给艾丽斯打电话。2.2.表重复：表重复：表示从过去到现在的一段时间内表示从过去到现在的一段时间内反复进行的动作反复进行的动作或或存在的状态存在的状态。All these days he has been writing articles to our magazine.注意：现在完成进行时表示的动作不是在一直不停地进行，而是从过去持续到现在断断续续重复进行的动作。Weve been looking forward to our summer vacation.Too much has been happening today.3.3.表达某种感情色彩表达某种感情色彩:表示愿望，感慨，
11、表扬或厌恶等感情表示愿望，感慨，表扬或厌恶等感情色彩。色彩。今天真是一个多事的日子。二、结构二、结构She has been burning the midnight oil to prepare for GRE.We have been going to Seattle for a half a year.Ive been working with her for 20 years.例：have/has+been+doing”have/has+been+doing”否定：否定：have/has+have/has+not not+been+doing+been+doing Craig love
12、s outdoor activities-he skis in winter and has been fishing and hunting since he was a child.一位私人侦探几个星期以来一直在跟踪他。一位私人侦探几个星期以来一直在跟踪他。CraigCraig热爱户外活动，冬天他去滑雪，他从小就开始钓鱼和热爱户外活动，冬天他去滑雪，他从小就开始钓鱼和打猎。打猎。现在完成进行时常与表示时间段的状语连用，例如：现在完成进行时常与表示时间段的状语连用，例如：all the time,this week,all night,these few days,for,sinceall
13、the time,this week,all night,these few days,for,since等。等。三、常用时间状语三、常用时间状语 A private detective has been tailing(跟踪)him for several weeks.四、现在完成时与现在完成进行时的区别：四、现在完成时与现在完成进行时的区别：在不同时间状语的情况下，在不同时间状语的情况下，的的动作从过去发生一直持续动作从过去发生一直持续到现在，可能刚刚终止也可能继续持续下去。到现在，可能刚刚终止也可能继续持续下去。而而的的动作发生在动作发生在过去，并在过去就结束了动作，不会持续到现在，强调
14、对现在造成的影响过去，并在过去就结束了动作，不会持续到现在，强调对现在造成的影响和结果。和结果。即：即：强调动作的延续性强调动作的延续性，而而强调动作的结果强调动作的结果。即：即：强调未完成和动作未完成和动作，强调强调完成和影响完成和影响/结果结果 我们一直在打扫教室。（还在做还有可能继续做）我们把教室打扫过了。（做完了）We have cleaned the classroom.We have been cleaning the classroom.Julia has gone to the library.往往表示往往表示动作在重复动作在重复，而，而不表示动作不表示动作的重复。的重复。即：
15、即：可可表重复事件表重复事件，经常经常表单个事件表单个事件。朱莉娅在一年间经常去图书馆。（重复事件）Julia has been going to the library for a year.朱莉娅去图书馆了。（单个事件）你做了什么？（仅是问问）与所有进行时态一样与所有进行时态一样带有感情色彩带有感情色彩，可使表达，可使表达显得生动，而显得生动，而往往只表明一个事实、一种影响或结果，往往只表明一个事实、一种影响或结果，不带感情色彩不带感情色彩。What have you done?Where have you been?I have been waiting for you in the r
16、ain for two hours.你去哪儿了，我已经在雨里等了你两小时了。（表示不满）不用于进行时态的动词不用于进行时态的动词通常也通常也不用于现在完成进行时不用于现在完成进行时，但它们，但它们可以用可以用于现在完成时于现在完成时。即：某些即：某些非延续性含义的动词非延续性含义的动词，如，如come,go,marry,die,finish，leave等，等，不适用不适用于现在完成进行时，但可于现在完成进行时，但可用于现在完成时用于现在完成时。现在完成进行时现在完成进行时不用于被动语态不用于被动语态。若要用，可用现在完成。若要用，可用现在完成时的被动语态代替。时的被动语态代替。The war
17、has lasted for a long time.这场战争持续了很长时间。We have been painting the house for a month.房子已经粉刷了一个月了。The house has been painted for a month.I have not spoken English for two years.He has never seen a man like him.在否定句中一般用现在完成时而不用现在完成进行时。在否定句中一般用现在完成时而不用现在完成进行时。I have not been speaking English for two year
18、s.He has never been seeing a man like him.注意：有些动词在特定的语境下用现在完成时和现在完成进行时意思差别不大。It has rained for two hours.雨已经下了两个小时了。It has been raining for two hours.雨一直下了两个小时了。PracticePractice（1 1）It It （rainrain）every day this month.every day this month.（2 2）So far this year we So far this year we （seesee）a fall
19、in a fall in oil oil prices by prices by between 5 and 10 percent.between 5 and 10 percent.（3 3）I I （drinkdrink）five cups of five cups of milk tea milk tea this afternoon.this afternoon.（4 4）DonnaDonna （thinkthink）about going back to schoolabout going back to school，but she but she hasnt decided yet
20、.hasnt decided yet.（5 5）He is the most He is the most enthusiastic enthusiastic man that I man that I （meetmeet）.（6 6）All these years we All these years we （trytry）to search for the missing to search for the missing plane.plane.（7 7）We We （已经打扫了房屋）（已经打扫了房屋）.You may come in.You may come in now.now.（8
21、 8）Since that unfortunate accident last week,Since that unfortunate accident last week,I I （一直睡得不好）（一直睡得不好）.（9 9）She She （一直睡）（一直睡）for for 12 12 hours and still cant wake hours and still cant wake up.up.has been raininghas been raininghave seenhave seenhave drunkhave drunkhas been thinking has been
22、thinking have methave methave been trying have been trying have cleaned the househave cleaned the househavent been sleeping well havent been sleeping well has been sleepinghas been sleeping1.1.The dog started to bark about two hours ago.The dog started to bark about two hours ago.I really hope it wi
23、ll stop I really hope it will stop soon.soon._ _ _2.2.Steve started to play rugby at the age of eight.Steve started to play rugby at the age of eight.Now he has become a Now he has become a professional player.professional player._ _ _ _ The dog The dog has been barkinghas been barking for about two
24、 hours.for about two hours.狗一直犬吠了大约两个小时。狗一直犬吠了大约两个小时。Steve Steve has been has been playplayinging rugby rugby sincesince the age of the age of eight.eight.史蒂夫自八岁以来一直打橄榄球。史蒂夫自八岁以来一直打橄榄球。3.Timmy is holding a table tennis bat and his short hair is damp with 3.Timmy is holding a table tennis bat and his
25、 short hair is damp with sweat.sweat.He looks a little tired after playing table tennis for two hours.He looks a little tired after playing table tennis for two hours._ _ _ _ _4 4.Diane hasnt got much sleep this week.Diane hasnt got much sleep this week.She looks She looks terrible today.terrible to
26、day._ _ _5 5.I tried to phone you this morning.I tried to phone you this morning.I must have tried I must have tried a dozen times before I caught you here.a dozen times before I caught you here._ _ _He looks a little tired because he He looks a little tired because he has been playinghas been playi
27、ng table tennis for table tennis for twohours.twohours.他看起来有点累因为他一直打乒乓球达两个小时了。他看起来有点累因为他一直打乒乓球达两个小时了。Diane Diane hasnt been sleeping hasnt been sleeping wellwell this week.this week.戴安娜这个星期一直没睡好。戴安娜这个星期一直没睡好。I I have been tryinghave been trying to phone you this morning.to phone you this morning.我今天
28、早上一直试图给你打电话。我今天早上一直试图给你打电话。1.For the whole morning,the board of the directors1.For the whole morning,the board of the directors _ _(discuss)the resolution to increase wages in the coming year.(discuss)the resolution to increase wages in the coming year.一整个早上，董事会一直在讨论来年涨工资的决议。一整个早上，董事会一直在讨论来年涨工资的决议。2
29、.Jasons only recreation is painting.He _2.Jasons only recreation is painting.He _ _(lear_(learn n)how to paint)how to paint for over five years.for over five years.贾森唯一的娱乐就是画画。他一直在学如何画画达五年多时间了。贾森唯一的娱乐就是画画。他一直在学如何画画达五年多时间了。3.Even though we lost the game,we should be proud of ourselves because we 3.Ev
30、en though we lost the game,we should be proud of ourselves because we _(t_(tr ry)our best and _y)our best and _(work)as a team._(work)as a team.尽管我们输掉了比赛，我们应该为我们自己自豪，因为我们尽了我们的尽管我们输掉了比赛，我们应该为我们自己自豪，因为我们尽了我们的最大努力和团队进行了合作。最大努力和团队进行了合作。has been discussinghas been discussinghas been has been learninglear
31、ningtriedtriedworkedworked4.He finally _(finish)the research paper under his tutors guidance.4.He finally _(finish)the research paper under his tutors guidance.他终于在他的导师指导之下完成了研究论文。他终于在他的导师指导之下完成了研究论文。5.My nephew Sam _ (collect)comic books since he was 5.My nephew Sam _ (collect)comic books since he
32、was five.Now he has more than two hundred of them.five.Now he has more than two hundred of them.我的侄子萨姆自他五岁以来一直在收集连环画。现在他有超过两百本我的侄子萨姆自他五岁以来一直在收集连环画。现在他有超过两百本了。了。6.The company _ /_ /6.The company _ /_ /_(launch)an advertising campaign to promote its corporate _(launch)an advertising campaign to promot
33、e its corporate image.image.这家公司正在发起/已经发起了/发起过一个广告活动来提升公司的形象。finishedfinishedhas been collectinghas been collecting is launching is launchinghas launchedhas launchedhas launchedhas launched1 1.and I speak English fluently.So I am qualified to be your and I speak English fluently.So I am qualified to
34、 be your interpreter.interpreter.我已经学英语我已经学英语1010年了，我有一口流利的英语。因此，我有资格成为您的年了，我有一口流利的英语。因此，我有资格成为您的翻译。翻译。2.The manager 2.The manager the workers how to improve the program since 9 am.the workers how to improve the program since 9 am.经理从早上经理从早上9 9点就一直在告诉工人如何改善这个项目点就一直在告诉工人如何改善这个项目。3.It is the first tim
35、e that she3.It is the first time that she such an interesting book.such an interesting book.这是她第一次读这么有趣的书。这是她第一次读这么有趣的书。4.She is 4.She is .她是我见过的最漂亮的女孩。她是我见过的最漂亮的女孩。5.5.，but she still makes the same mistake.but she still makes the same mistake.我已经告诉过她许多次，但是，她仍然犯同样的错我已经告诉过她许多次，但是，她仍然犯同样的错误。误。I have b
36、een learning English for ten yearsI have been learning English for ten yearshas been tellinghas been tellinghas readhas readthe most beautiful girl I have ever seenthe most beautiful girl I have ever seenI have told her many timesI have told her many times单句语法填空单句语法填空1）It （rain）every day this month.
37、2）So far this year we （see）a fall in house prices by between 5 and 10 percent.3）I （drink）five cups of coffee this afternoon.4）Now that she is out of work，Lucy （think）about going back to school，but she hasnt decided yet.5）He is the most creative man that I （meet）.6）All these years we （try）to get in t
38、ouch with him.has been raininghave seenhave drunkhas been thinking have methave been trying 完成句子完成句子7）We （已经打扫了房屋）.You may come in now.8）Since that unfortunate accident last week，I _ （一直睡得不好）.9）She （一直睡）for 6 hours and still cant wake up.have cleaned the househavent been sleeping well has been sleep
39、ing1.1.2020 2020 天津卷天津卷 -You are a great swimmer.-You are a great swimmer.-Thanks.Its because I _ a lot these days.-Thanks.Its because I _ a lot these days.A.have been prctising A.have been prctising B.was practising B.was practising C.would practise C.would practise D.had practised D.had practised
40、【解析】考察时态。【解析】考察时态。句意：句意：-你游泳很棒。你游泳很棒。-谢谢。这是因为这些天我一直在练习。谢谢。这是因为这些天我一直在练习。根据时间状语根据时间状语these days(these days(这些天这些天)可知，可知，“练习游泳练习游泳”从数天前开始，从数天前开始，一直持续到现在。一直持续到现在。因此该句应用现在完成进行时态。故选因此该句应用现在完成进行时态。故选A A。2.2.2019 2019 北京卷北京卷 A retired engineer,76-year-old Wilson _(offer)A retired engineer,76-year-old Wilso
41、n _(offer)free rides to free rides to college students for the past eight years.college students for the past eight years.3.3.2018 2018 全国全国卷卷 Languages _ (come and go)Languages _ (come and go)for thousands of years,but in recent times there has been less for thousands of years,but in recent times t
42、here has been less coming and a lot more ing and a lot more going.has been offering has been offering has been coming and going has been coming and going 1.1.一个星期以来，艾丽斯在公共汽车站一直一个星期以来，艾丽斯在公共汽车站一直 遇到那个穿黑衣服的遇到那个穿黑衣服的人。人。Alice _ _ _ the man in black at the bus stop for a week.Alice _ _ _ the man in blac
43、k at the bus stop for a week.2.2.她的组织自成立以来一直在为那些被遗弃她的组织自成立以来一直在为那些被遗弃 的动物筹集资金。的动物筹集资金。Her organization _ _ _ Her organization _ _ _ money for those abandoned _ money for those abandoned animals since it was set up.animals since it was set up.has been meeting has been meeting has been collecting has
44、been collecting 3.3.我一直期待着去英国旅行，我的梦想将在下个我一直期待着去英国旅行，我的梦想将在下个 月实现。月实现。I _ _ _ to travel to the UK,and my dream will come I _ _ _ to travel to the UK,and my dream will come true next month.true next month.4.4.桑迪已经教学桑迪已经教学1616年，她探索出了一些有效的教年，她探索出了一些有效的教 学方法。学方法。Sandy _ _ _ for sixteen years,and has expl
45、ored some Sandy _ _ _ for sixteen years,and has explored some effective teaching methods.effective teaching methods.5.5.自六月以来，玛丽每天晚上都去上写作课，这门课将于本周结自六月以来，玛丽每天晚上都去上写作课，这门课将于本周结束。束。Mary _ _ _ to writing classes every night since June Mary _ _ _ to writing classes every night since June and the course w
46、ill end this week.and the course will end this week.have been expecting have been expecting has been teaching has been teaching has been going has been going Do you have any hobbies or interests?Do you have any hobbies or interests?How long have you been learning/playing How long have you been learn
47、ing/playing?What have you been doing recently?What have you been doing recently?ProductionProductionA:A:Do you have any hobbies?Do you have any hobbies?B:B:Sure.I have several hobbies such as table tennis,Sure.I have several hobbies such as table tennis,photography and kite flying.But my favourite h
48、obby is photography and kite flying.But my favourite hobby is playing the guitarplaying the guitar.A:A:How long have you been learning the guitar?How long have you been learning the guitar?B:B:I I have been learninghave been learning the guitar since I was eight years old.I the guitar since I was ei
49、ght years old.I saw a video of someone playing and I fell in love with itsaw a video of someone playing and I fell in love with it.A A:Thats greatThats great.Sample ConversationSample Conversation1.1.现在完成进行时的现在完成进行时的构成构成:have/has+been+doinghave/has+been+doing2.2.现在完成进行时的现在完成进行时的基本概念基本概念：表示表示动作从过去某一时
50、间开始一动作从过去某一时间开始一直持续到现在直持续到现在，这个动作可能，这个动作可能刚终止刚终止，也可能，也可能还在进行还在进行。3.3.现在完成进行时的现在完成进行时的常用时间状语常用时间状语:all the time,this week,all night,all the time,this week,all night,these few days,for,sincethese few days,for,since等。等。4.4.现在完成时和现在完成进行时的现在完成时和现在完成进行时的区别区别：动作是否有动作是否有延续性延续性 是否表示动作是否表示动作重复性重复性 是否有是否有感情色彩感
