1、THE ATTRIBUTIVE CLAUSEChallenge yourselves 1.The house _ windows face north belongs to him.2.The man _ you met just now is my brother.3.The man _ is working in the playground is my old friend.4.Take the book _ is lying on the table.5.She is such a girl _ is always finding fault with other people.who
2、sewhom/who/thatwho/that which/thatas1.Review some basic knowledge about the Attributive Clause.1.定义和要素关关系系代代词词指物和人指物和人在从句中作主语或宾语在从句中作主语或宾语指物指物在从句中作主语或宾语在从句中作主语或宾语指人指人在从句中作主语或宾语在从句中作主语或宾语在从句中作宾语在从句中作宾语指人和物指人和物在从句中作定语在从句中作定语指指人和物人和物在从句中作主语或宾语在从句中作主语或宾语二、引导定语从句的关系代词thatwhichwhowhomwhoseas关系关系副词副词指时间指时间
3、在从句中作时间状语在从句中作时间状语指地点指地点在从句中作地点状语在从句中作地点状语指原因指原因在从句中作原因状语在从句中作原因状语三、引导定语从句的关系副词whenwherewhy关系代词先行词在定从中成分who人人主语主语/宾语宾语whom人人宾语宾语 例：I met a girl _ knew your sister.主句先行词从句关系词作主语who关系代词先行词在定从中成分who人人主语主语/宾语宾语whom人人宾语宾语 例：I met a girl _ I want to marry.主句先行词从句关系词作宾语whomwho不不填填注：关系代词在从句中做宾语时可以省略。The per
4、son to _ I complained is the manager.用作宾语的用作宾语的whom如果不是紧跟在介词之后，如果不是紧跟在介词之后，通常会被省略或用通常会被省略或用who或或that代之。如：代之。如：The person _ I complained to is the manager.whomwhomwhothat/The person is the manager.I complained to the person.遇到以下情况只能用遇到以下情况只能用whowho，不能用，不能用thatthat。1.当先行词是one，ones，anyone，those时，只能用who
5、God helps those who help themselves.He who does not reach the Great Wall is not a true man.Those who have any difficulties with pronunciation should practice.2.当先行词是人称代词时，只能用who关系代词先行词在定从中成分whose人人/物物定语定语 主句先行词 从句关系词作定语 whose在定语从句中作定语，表示引导词与后面的名词为所属关系，可以指人也可以指物，可以与of which和of whom互换使用。例：I like the r
6、oom window faces north.whosewhose关系代词先行词在定从中成分which物物主语主语/宾语宾语that人人/物物主语主语/宾语宾语注：一般在先行词为物体的时候，that和which都可以互换。主句先行词 从句关系词作主语 例：She was not on the train _ arrived just now.whichwhichthat that 关系代词先行词在定从中成分which物物主语主语/宾语宾语that人人/物物主语主语/宾语宾语/表语表语注：关系代词在从句中做宾语时可以省略。主句先行词 从句关系词作宾语 例：Is this the book _ y
7、ou are looking for?whichwhich不填thatthat用 法 区 别1.当先行词是anything，everything，nothing（something除外），few，all，none，little等代词时，或者是由any，every，all，some，no，little，few，much，each等修饰时：Abby told me everything(that)she knew.All that can be done has been done.There is little(that)I can do for you.Any man that/who has
8、 a sense of duty wont do such a thing.在下列情况下，关系词用在下列情况下，关系词用thatthat而不用而不用whichwhich。用 法 区 别2.当先行词被序数词修饰时：The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.This is the best movie that I have ever seen.This is the very good magazine that I left on the playground.After the fire in his house,
9、the old car is the only thing that he owned.3.当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时：4.当先行词被the very/only/same/last 修饰时：在下列情况下，关系词用在下列情况下，关系词用thatthat而不用而不用whichwhich。用 法 区 别在下列情况下，关系词用在下列情况下，关系词用thatthat而不用而不用whichwhich。5.当先行词前有who,which等疑问代词时：Who is the man that is standing there?He talked happily of the things and perso
10、ns that he remembered studying in the school.The village is no longer the one that it used to be 10 years ago.Which is the T-shirt that fits me the most?6.当先行词既有人，又有动物或者物体时：7.当先行词在定语从句中做表语时：用 法 区 别在下列情况下，关系词只能用在下列情况下，关系词只能用whichwhich。1.介词前置时，关系代词只能用which：I attend such activities regularly,from which
11、 I benefit a lot.Bruce doesnt listen to any advice,which makes his mother very annoyed.2.引导非限制性定语从句修饰某物或整个句子时，只能用which关系副词关系副词在从句中引导时间状语从句。关系副词=介词+关系代词。主要有以下几个词：where(=in/at/on which)when(=on/during/in which)why(=for which)关系副词先行词句中成分where地点地点状语when时间时间状语why原因原因状语常见抽象地点：point,case,activity,situation
12、,position,occasion,job,race,platform,policy,environment 等where在定语从句中作地点状语。关系副词先行词句中成分where地点地点状语 主句先行词 从句作状语 例:We reached a point where a change is needed.where在定语从句中作地点状语。关系副词先行词句中成分介词关系代词where地点地点状语in/from which 主句先行词 从句作状语 例:Shanghai is the city where I was born.改:Shanghai is the city in which I
13、was born.when在定语从句中作时间状语。关系副词先行词句中成分when时间时间状语 主句先行词 从句作状语 例:The time when we got together finally came.主句改:The time at which we got together finally came.when在定语从句中时间状语。关系副词先行词句中成分when时间时间状语 主句先行词 从句作状语 例:I still remember the day when I first came to the school.改:I still remember the day on which I
14、 first came to the school.why在定语从句中作原因状语。关系副词先行词句中成分why原因原因状语 主句先行词 从句作状语 例:Please tell me the reason why you are late.改:Please tell me the reason for which you are late.介词+关系代词“介词+关系代词”结构也可以引导定语从句。有以下几种结构：1.介词+whom/whichThe woman general still can remember the day on which she joined the army.2.介词短
15、语+whom/whichThe man has a house,in front of which is the sea.3.不定代词或/数词+whom/whichChina has a lot of famous writers,one of whom is Luxun.4.名词+of whichShe mentioned a magazine,the title of which I have written on my notebook.介词的选用1.选用介词时要注意与先行词的搭配I will never forget the day on which I joined the army
16、.I will never forget the days during which I worked in the school.I will never forget the year in which my son went to college.I got home at 7:00 p.m.yesterday,by which most people had had supper.介词的选用2.选用介词时要注意与谓语动词的搭配习惯Have you found the book for which I paid 29 dollars?Have you found the book on
17、which I spent 29 dollars?Have you found the book from which we learnt a lot?Have you found the book about which she often talks?1.The woman _ is shaking hands with my sister is a doctor.2.Those _ want to see the film set down your names,please.3.I like these books _ topics are about history.4.Look,h
18、ere are some people _ I want you to meet.who/thatwhowhosewho/whom/that/心灵手巧心灵手巧5.Tina felt disappointed because the watch,_ which she was proud,was missing.of6.Do you still remember the chicken farm _ we visited three months ago?7.I will never forget the days _ we stayed together.8.The reason _ he w
19、as late was that he missed his train.10.This is the camera _ which he often takes photos.that/whichwhenwhywhere心灵手巧心灵手巧9.Keep the book in a place _ you ca find it easily.with是指先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语。如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或者失去意义。这种从句和主句关系十分密切，写时不用逗号分开。非限制性定语从句和主句关系不很密切，只是对先行词做些附加说明。如果去掉，主句的意思仍然清楚。这种从句，写时往往用逗号隔开。限制性定
20、语从句非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句aswhich位置句首、句中、句末常在主句之后修饰内容先行词或主句主句as引导非限定从时应被译为“正如.那样”，且已形成固定结构。如：as is known,as is said,as is reported,as is often the case,as is expectedas和which都可以引导非限定从，但有些区别。As引导的非限定从Einstein,as is known,is a famous scientist.As is reported,China has become an important country in the world
21、.He didnt come to attend the meeting,as is expected.aswhich位置句首、句中、句末常在主句之后修饰内容先行词或主句主句as和which都可以引导非限定从，但有些区别。注：蓝色标记部分为被修饰内容。which引导的非限定从Bamboo is hollow,which makes it very light.My son now goes to the school,which I used to go to when I was a child.as和which都可以引导非限定从，但有些区别。aswhich位置句首、句中、句末常在主句之后修
22、饰内容先行词或主句主句注：蓝色标记部分为被修饰内容。summarysummary定语从句引导词定语从句引导词关系代词关系代词关系副词关系副词(主干不完整)(主干完整)先行词是物 that/which/asthat/which/as/省略省略主语：宾语：定语：whose先行词是人 主语：宾语：定语：that/who/asthat/who/whom/as/省略省略whose时间状语：时间状语：地点状语：地点状语：原因状语：原因状语：whenwherewhy确定关系词三部曲：1.找出先行词（被修饰词）2.先行词在从句中的位置3.对症下药on/at/in whichon/at/in whichfor
23、which易错对比练习1.1)Mr Li has three daughters，none of _ is an engineer 2)Mr Li has three daughters，but none of _ is a dancer 2.1)It was eleven oclock _ they went out of the cinema.2)It was at eleven oclock _ they went out of the cinema.3.1)It was in the hospital_ he came across a friend of his.2)It was t
24、he hospital _ he came across a friend of his.4.1).We should go to the place _ we are most needed.2).We should go to the place _ needs us most.5.1)Mother didnt come back on December 25,_was my birthday.2)Mother didnt come back home on December 25,_she was busy working.whomthemwhenthatwherethatwherewh
25、ich/thatwhichwhen6.1)This is the room _ he lived in his childhood.2)This is the room _ he lived in last year.7.1)The teacher didnt know the reason _ she was absent yesterday?2)The teacher couldnt accept the reason _ she explained yesterday?8.1)We must learn to act in ways _ do not harm other living
26、things.2)I dont like the way _ he spoke to his mother.3)This is the way _ he thought of to solve the problem.9.1)He is such a good teacher _ we all like.2)He is such a good teacher _ we all like him.3)He is a good teacher,_ makes us respect him.wherewhichwhywhich/thatwhich/thatthat/in which/不填which/
27、thatasthatwhich10.1)_ we all know,China is rich in natural resources.2)_ is well-known that China is rich in natural resources.3)_ is well-known to us all is that China is rich in natural resources.11.1)Im surprised at all _ he said at the meeting.2)Im surprised at _ he said at the meeting.12.1)_ le
28、aves the room last ought to turn off the lights.2)_ who leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.3)_ who leave the room last ought to turn off the lights.13.1)This is one of the most interesting films _ shown last week.2)This is the very one of the most interesting films _ shown last week.W
29、hoeverWhatAnyoneThosethat werethat wasAsItthatwhat纠正以下各句中的错误。纠正以下各句中的错误。1.Some of the boys I invited them didnt come.2.The book that you need it is in the library.3.Anyone who break the law will be punished.4.Those who has finished may go home.5.He is the only one of the teachers who know French in
30、our school.6.English is a language shared by several diverse cultures,each of which use it differently.breakshaveknowsuses7.Children eat a lot of sugar often have bad teeth.8.That evening,when I will tell you more about later,I ended up working very late.9.The exact year when Angela and her family spent together inChina was 2008.10.I still remember the day on when I first came to Beijing.11.Is this book that your teacher gave you yesterday?12.When we got home,we went to the store where sold us the GPS.eat前加前加 whowhichwhichwhichbook前加前加the which
