1、Unit 4Adversity and CourageCONTENTS1Words and Expressions2Reading and Thinking3Discover Useful Structures4Using Language01Words and Expressions1.bitter adj.严寒的；激烈而不愉快的；味苦的bitterly adv.严寒地；极其；非常bitter cold严寒 a bitter wind刺骨寒风2.endurance n.忍耐力；耐久力endure vt.忍耐；容忍 同：stand/tolerate/put up withcant endure
2、 doing/to do sth.不能容忍做某事练习：1.This event tests both physical and mental _(endure).endurance3.vigour/vigor n.精力；力量；活力vigorous adj.充满活力的4.turn sb.down拒绝某人；调低音量turn up出现；露面；调高音量turn on打开turn off关闭turn in上交turn to求助于turn out结果是；证明是turn over翻转turn around转身练习：1.How could you turn _ such a good job?down5.qu
3、alified adj.符合资格；具备的知识（或技能/学历等）qualify vt.使具备资格qualification n.资格；资历；学历be qualified to do sth.有资格做某事be qualified for符合的条件a qualified accountant/teacher取得职业资格的会计师/教师qualify for取得资格have(no)qualifications to do sth.（没）有做某事的资格练习：1.Im writing to apply to join it,thinking that Im well qualified _ the job.
4、for6.enthusiastic adj.热情的；热心的enthusiastically adv.热情地；热心地enthusiasm n.热情be/become enthusiastic about(doing)sth.对做某事感兴趣/热心with(great)enthusiasm（非常）热情地full of enthusiasm充满热情练习：1.He is very enthusiastic _ academic research.about7.aboard adv.&prep.上（船/飞机/公共汽车等）board n.董事会；木板 v.上船/飞机/火车go aboard=board上船/
5、飞机/火车broad adj.宽广的abroad adv.在国外；去国外go abroad去国外；出国at home and abroad国内外练习：1.Our product command a good market both _ home and abroad.at8.assign vt.分派；布置；分配assignment n.分派；布置；分配assign sb.sth.=assign sth.to sb.给某人分派某任务/事物assign sb.to/as sth.指派某人做某工作/担任某职务练习：1.The two large classrooms have been assign
6、ed _ us.to9.envy n.&vt.羡慕；妒忌envious adj.嫉妒的the envy of sb.某人羡慕/妒忌的对象out of envy出于嫉妒with envy羡慕地；妒忌地envy sb.sth.羡慕某人某事envy sb.for sth.因某事而羡慕某人练习：1.People cant help envying them _ their wages and lifestyle.for10.abandon vt.舍弃；抛弃；放弃abandon oneself to沉湎于;纵情于abandoned adj.被抛弃的；放纵的abandon doing sth.放弃做某事w
7、ith abandon 放纵地；放任地be abandoned to沉湎于练习：1.However,these plans _(abandon)because of financial problems.were abandoned11.belongings n.财物；财产belonging n.归属感 belong v.属于 belong to属于；是的一员a sense of belonging归属感常用复数形式的名词：earnings薪水 savings积蓄woods树林 ruins废墟congratulations祝贺 surroundings环境findings研究结果 goods货
8、物tears泪水 instructions指示；说明练习：1.Lockers are available to store any _(belong)during your visit.belongings12.miserable adj.痛苦的；令人难受的miserably adv.痛苦地；令人难受地13.decent adj.相当不错的；正派的；得体的decently adv.正派地；得体地14.selfish adj.自私的 反：selfless adj.无私的selfishly adv.自私地 反：selflessly adv.无私地；忘我地selfishness n.自私It is
9、selfish of sb.to do sth.某人做某事是自私的15.genuine adj.真正的；真诚的；可信赖的 反：fake adj.假的genuinely adv.真正地；真诚地genuineness n.真诚genuine diamond/gold/love真钻石/真金/真诚的爱 16.perseverance n.毅力；韧性；不屈不挠的精神persevere vi.坚持；孜孜以求persevere in doing sth.坚持做某事persevere with sth./sb.坚持练习：1.He is slow to learn,but shows great _(perse
10、vere).perseverance 17.resolve v.决定；决心；解决（问题或困难）n.决心；坚定的信念resolution n.决议；解决；坚定决心/决定做某事：resolve to do sth.resolve thatresolve on sth.resolve on doing sth.解决：solve/settle/address/work out/figure out/deal with/do with resolve a dispute/conflict/problem解决争端/冲突/问题make a resolution to do sth.决定做某事练习：1.He
11、resolved not _(tell)her the truth.to tell 18.cruel adj.残酷的；残忍的；冷酷的cruelty n.残忍；残酷；不公be cruel to sb.对某人残忍的练习：1.He was cruel _ his mother.to cruelly adv.残忍地19.thorough adj.深入的；彻底的；细致的thoroughly adv.深入地；彻底地；仔细地；非常；完全carry out a thorough investigation展开全面的调查练习：1.They have not studied the language very _
12、(thorough).thoroughly 20.furniture n.家具（不可数名词，没有复数）furnish vt.为配备家具；提供furnished adj.配备家具的a piece/an item of furniture一件家具be furnished with配备着furnish sb./sth.with向某人/某物提供练习：1.His room is only _(furnish)with a desk,a chair and a bed.furnished21.unfortunately adv.不幸地；遗憾地 反：fortunately adv.幸运地fortunate
13、adj.幸运的 反：unfortunate adj.不幸的；遗憾的fortune n.财富；运气 make a fortune发大财be fortunate/unfortunate to do sth.做某事很幸运/不幸be/feel fortunate in doing sth.在做某事方面很幸运It is fortunate(for sb.)that(对某人来说）是幸运的练习：1._(unfortunate),you must carry the necessary equipment with you,since its all but impossible to find natura
14、l substitutes.Unfortunately22.guidance n.指导；引导；导航guide vt.指导；影响 n.旅游指南；导游under ones guidance=under the guidance of在.的指导下a tour guide导游练习：1.Practice under the _(guide)of some experienced writers and teachers who can help you with basic writing skills.guidance23.advertising n.广告活动；广告业advertise v.公布；宣传
15、；做广告 advertiser n.广告商；广告公司advertisement n.广告advertise for登广告征求.advertise for sb.to do sth.登广告招聘/雇用某人做某事put an advertisement in the newspaper在报纸上发布广告练习：1.The _(advertise)put some _(advertise)in the local paper _(advertise)their products.advertiseradvertisementsto advertise24.rough adj.汹涌的；粗糙的；粗略的roug
16、hly adv.大约；大致；差不多；粗暴地；粗鲁地；粗糙地roughly speaking粗略地说25.loyal adj.忠诚的；忠实的loyalty n.忠诚，忠实be loyal to sb.对某人忠诚26.give off放出（热/光/气味或气体）give out分发；用光；筋疲力尽give up（doing）放弃；认输give in(to)屈服；投降；让步；上交give away泄露；赠送give back归还；送回练习：1.Its said that the wood gives _ a sweet,perfumed smell as it mitment n.承诺；保证；奉献co
17、mmit vt.承诺；保证；犯（罪）；花（钱或时间）vi.全身心投入；忠于committed adj.尽心尽力的make a commitment to sth.对作出承诺commit sb./oneself to(doing)sth.承诺（做）某事commit sth.to sb.把某物投入到某事上 be committed to致力于commit to sb./sth.忠于/全心全意投入commit a crime/mistake犯罪/犯错练习：1.This is quite important,because it is directly related to your _(commit
18、).commitment28.motive n.动机；原因；目的the motive for doing sth.做某事的动机02Reading and ThinkingGreat works are performed not by strength,but perseverance.-Samuel Johnson伟大的作品不是靠力量，而是靠坚持来完成的。1.南极探险2.克服困境3.发生在某人身上4.n.广告5.被发布6.n.探险家7.n.工资8.adj.严寒的；味苦的9.根据；按照10.寻找11.参加一个探险队12.“坚忍”号13.被认为是极大的荣誉14.日记摘录一次成功的失败Para.1
19、1.碰巧2.南极探险3.前往南极探险4.n.冒险5.梦想6.做好准备7.在的年龄8.adj.健康的9.充满活力10.申请做某事11.v.参加（组织）12.拒绝某人13.adj.符合资格的14.对某事热心15.与一起16.上船17.v.隐藏18.n.橱柜；壁橱；衣柜19.adv.不幸的是20.出发；启程21.折回22.分派某人做某事23.n.乘务员；服务员24.为某人上菜25.一天三次26.n.&vt.羡慕；嫉妒27.去过一次成功的失败Para.21.陷入；被困于2.v.靠近；接近 n.方法3.v.结冰；冻住4.完全地；彻底地；确实地5.被挤坏；被压碎6.v.下沉7.vt.舍弃；抛弃；放弃8.a
20、dv.冷静地；平静地；安静地9.召集10.v.营救；援救11.adj.基本的；必要的12.炊具13.n.毯子14.v.(使)恐慌；惊慌15.不被允许做某事16.大部分；大多数17.个人物品18.扔掉19.令某人惊讶的是20.允许某人做某事21.使某人振作起来22.在冰上露营23.设法做某事(成功)一次成功的失败Para.31.v.奋斗；挣扎；拼搏2.象岛3.越来越糟4.adj.拥挤的5.岩石海岸6.adj.痛苦的；令人难受的7.南乔治亚岛8.n.&vi.航海；航行9.及时到达；取得成功10.n.海军11.情绪低落12.adv.否则；要不然13.adj.相当不错的；正派的；得体的14.adj.温
21、馨的；舒适的15.被打断16.一股突如其来的冷空气17.坚持住18.变成19.弗兰克.怀尔德20.adj.自私的21.adj.脾气坏的22.托马斯.奥德利斯23.adj.真正的；真诚的；可信赖的24.某人对的关心25.n.毅力；韧性；不屈不挠的精神26.v.&n.决心；决定27.用填满28.毕竟；终究不规则动词变化1.buy2.dream3.apply4.think5.hide6.eat7.envy8.become9.freeze10.sink11.throw12.begin13.leave14.catchboughtdreamed/dreamtappliedthoughthidateenvi
22、edbecamefrozesankthrewbeganleftcaughtboughtdreamed/dreamtappliedthoughthiddeneatenenviedbecomefrozensunkthrownbegunleftcaught1.What is the theme of the text about?A.A successful exploration.B.The reason of the Antarctic expedition.C.A wonderful expedition to Antarctica.D.The difficulties in the Anta
23、rctic expedition.2.Why did Shackleton refused Blackborows application?A.Because he was too young.B.Because he wasnt ready for it.C.Because he was not enthusiastic about it.D.Because he was not full of vigour.3.How did Blackborow feel when Shackleton approved of his staying on the ship?A.Disappointed
24、 B.Amazed.C.Proud D.Energetic4.What happened to the ship?A.Its frozen.B.It was crushed by ice.C.Its out of oil.D.Its useless.5.Why did Shackleton agree Hussey to keep his banjo?A.Because he wanted to rescue them.B.Because it was essential to survive.C.Because it could keep their spirits up.D.Because
25、 it was valuable.6.Who was a selfish person according to the diary?A.Tom B.Ernest Shackleton C.Thomas Orde-Lees D.Frank Wild7.Why did Shackleton go to South Georgia Island?A.To buy some food.B.To buy some boats.C.To find help.D.To meet others.ecentosyad-temperediserableitterenuineresolvedwas turned
26、downaboardcupboardassignedcrewvoyagesankabandonset off03Using Language锲而不舍的回报Para.11.n.延续部分；续篇2.某事发生在某人身上3.n.回忆录4.的回报5.n.毅力；韧性；不屈不挠的精神6.在前面7.如果会怎么样？8.v.延迟；推迟9.adj.孤独的10.adj.不惜冒险的；不顾一切的；拼命的11.使某人振奋起来锲而不舍的回报Para.21.掉进2.求生3.pron.没有；没有人4.生火5.放出（光/热/气味/气体）6.adj.油的；油腻的锲而不舍的回报Para.31.莱昂内尔.格林斯特里特2.对厌倦3.几乎；差
27、不多4.n.厨师5.做某事是某人的职责6.v.改变；使多样化7.无论用什么方式锲而不舍的回报Para.41.小心不要做某事2.make+宾语+adj.3.v.损害；伤害；毁坏；破坏锲而不舍的回报Para.51.n.纪律；惩罚；自制力2.团队精神3.让某人保持乐观4.处理；应对5.以积极和成功的方式6.庆祝某人的生日7.n.一段经历；片段；插曲锲而不舍的回报Para.61.n.减轻；安慰；如释重负2.最后；终于3.n.乐观4.对的信任5.坚持做某事6.偿还；报答；回报7.n.承诺；保证；奉献8.挽救某人免遭某事不规则动词变化1.fall2.find3.give4.vary5.try6.becom
28、e7.burn8.keep9.deal10.forget11.hide12.payfellfoundgavevariedtriedbecamebrunt/burnedkeptdealtforgothidpaidfallenfoundgivenvariedtriedbecomeburnt/burnedkeptdealtforgottenhiddenpaidcruelwagesdampresolutioncommitmentcandidatesmotivehasinfluencedjoinedhas retiredhas/had wantedattendedHaveheardis giving o
29、ffdidcleanare thinkinghas been askingdohaveexpected/was expecting04Discover Useful Structures现在完成进行时1.基本结构2.用法3.与现在完成时区别4.有些动词不能用于现在完成进行时5.练习1.现在完成进行时基本结构肯定式：has/have been doing 一直做某事否定式：hasnt/havent been doing一般疑问式：Has/Have sb.been doing sth.?肯定回答：Yes,sb.has/have.否定回答：No,sb.hasnt/havent.e.g.I have
30、been teaching English for 20 years.I havent been teaching English for 20 years.Have you been teaching English for 20 years?Yes,I have./No,I havent.2.现在完成进行时用法A.表示从过去开始延续到现在并有可能继续下去的动作（经常与all the time/all night/all morning/this week/this month/recently或是since/for时间连用）翻译：一直做某事e.g.I have been reading t
31、he book recently.B.表示动作刚刚结束e.g.We have been waiting for you for two hours.C.表示近期内重复发生的动作e.g.We have been discussing the matter several times this year.D.表示某种感情色彩(关切/感慨/赞许）e.g.You have been coughing a lot lately.3.与现在完成时区别A.现在完成时：强调动作的完成，对现在的影响 现在完成进行时:强调动作的延续或反复e.g.He has written a letter.他写了一封信。（已经
32、写好）He has been writing a letter.他一直在写一封信。（仍然在写）B.现在完成时:不表示动作的重复性 现在完成进行时:表示动作的重复性e.g.Have you met the couple recently?你最近见过那对夫妇吗？Have you been meeting the couple recently?你最近常和那对夫妇见面吗？C.现在完成时:平铺直叙 现在完成进行时:有感情色彩e.g.I have waited for the teacher for two hours.(说明一个事实）I have been waiting for the teache
33、r for two hours.(可能表示不满）A.状态动词：be/have/exist4.有些动词可用于现在完成时，不可用于现在完成进行时B.情感动词：like/love/hateC.感官动词：hear/feel/soundD.短暂动词：finish/marry/get up/come/goe.g.I have heard that he is ill.They have finished the work.5.练习大本P96has been discussinghas been learningtriedworkedfinishedhas been collectingis launching/has launched/launchedTHANK YOU
