1、XB4 U1 Learning About Language（P5）Somebody cleans this room everyday.This room is cleaned everyday.Somebody cleaned this room yesterday.This room was cleaned yesterday.Read and CompareRead and Compare在英语中，语态分为两种：在英语中，语态分为两种：主动语态主动语态和和被动语态被动语态。主动语态和被动语态都是指动词的形式而言。主动语态和被动语态都是指动词的形式而言。在在主动语态主动语态中强调的是执行
2、动作的人或物，即中强调的是执行动作的人或物，即主语是主语是动作的执行者动作的执行者；而在；而在被动语态被动语态中强调的是接受动作的中强调的是接受动作的人或物，即人或物，即主语是动作的承受者主语是动作的承受者。When to use passive voice?指出句中的主谓宾语。指出句中的主谓宾语。We kept food in the fridge.We must close the windows and the door.S V.O.SV.O.Food was kept(by us)in the fridge.The windows and the door must be closed
3、.什么时候使用被动语态？什么时候使用被动语态？Sugar cane is grown in the south.The song The East is Red was written by a poor peasant.1.不知道或没必要指出动作的执行者。不知道或没必要指出动作的执行者。2.强调动作的承受者。强调动作的承受者。Margaret was given some bad advice about selecting courses.3.出于礼貌，不愿意说出动作执行者。出于礼貌，不愿意说出动作执行者。4.广播、广告、新闻、标题中。广播、广告、新闻、标题中。Satisfaction G
4、uaranteed /Man wanted.被动语态被动语态构成构成be +vt.p.p.Spot the differences Spot the differences1.The street is cleaned by the dustmen every morning.2.These book were written in 1969.3.Some pine trees will be planted in the park tomorrow.4.A new bridge is being built over the river now.5.All the letters have
5、been posted.6.The roads were being widened last week.7.She had said that the bridge had been washed away by the flood.8.The baby must be looked after well.tense 时态时态&form 单复数单复数(singular/plural)各个时态各个时态的被动语态的被动语态构成构成：am/is/are+V-edam/is/are+being+V-edwas/were+V-edwas/were+being+V-edhave/has+been+V-e
6、dhad+been+V-edshall/will+be+V-edbe going to+be+V-edmust be+V-edshould have+been+V-ed各个时态各个时态的被动语态的被动语态构成构成：现以及物动词tell为例，列表如下：时态时态被动语态的构成被动语态的构成一般式一般式一般现在时一般现在时一般过去时一般过去时一般将来时一般将来时过去将来时过去将来时进行式进行式现在进行时现在进行时过去进行时过去进行时完成式完成式现在完成时现在完成时过去完成时过去完成时am/is/are toldwas/were toldwill be toldshould/would be told
7、am/is/are being toldwas/were being toldhave/has been toldhad been told各个时态各个时态的被动语态的被动语态构成构成：1.(2016北京高考北京高考)The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts _ _ _ (reward)with success in the end.2.The party _ _ _(plan)since last year.3.The station _ _(build)in 1928.4.Rice_ _(g
8、row)in the south of the country.will be rewarded has been plannedwas builtis grown5.The question _ _ _(discuss)at the meeting now.6.(2015安徽高考安徽高考)It is reported that a space station _ _ _(build)on the moon in years to come.7.Trees _ _ _(plant)here at this time last year.8.is being discussed will be
9、built were being plantedhave beensold out(1)We saw him sitting there without doing anything.He _ there without doing anything.was seen sitting 被动语态的常见考点1当动词后有复合宾语(宾语+宾补)，变被动语态时，将宾语变为被动结构中的主语即可，其它不变。e.g.The police caught the thief stealing.The thief was caught stealing.(2)His words made me throw up.I
10、 _ by his words.他的话令我作呕。was made to throw up 注意：make,let,see,watch，hear，notice等词在主动句中动词不带to,但在被动句中要带toWe heard him say good-bye to his friends.He was heard to say good-bye to his friends.My father is telling me an interesting story now.An interesting story _ by my father now.I _an interesting story
11、by my father now.is being told to me am being told 2主动变为被动时主动变为被动时,双宾语的变化。双宾语的变化。可将表示物的(直接)宾语变为主语,用for或to引出人;或将表示人的(间接)宾语变为主语。练习：练习：变为被动语态变为被动语态My mother will buy me a coat next week.I will be bought a coat(by my mother)next week.A coat will be bought(by my mother)next week.bring hand,pass,offer,len
12、d,read,send,show,teach,write 等等双宾语易位时需借助介双宾语易位时需借助介词词toto的常用动词的常用动词buy,cook,choose,make,prepare，sing，pick(采摘采摘)fetch（取来，拿来）（取来，拿来）,spare(留出，抽出，匀出留出，抽出，匀出)双宾语易位时需借助介词双宾语易位时需借助介词forfor的常用动词的常用动词3.动词短语是一个完整的结构，不要掉“尾巴”。在主动结构中，动词+介词是不可分割的；在被动结构中也是如此,不可去掉后面的介词或副词。The problem should be paid attention to.We
13、 should pay attention to the problem.Translate.处处都在讨论疫情。（处处都在讨论疫情。（epidemic;talk about）他经常被嘲笑。他经常被嘲笑。（laugh at）4.主动表被动的四种情况4.1.当系动词feel，smell,sound，look,taste,prove等后面接形容词时，用主动形式表示被动意义。The flowers smell sweet.The food tastes good.Translate.这首歌听起来真不错。这首歌听起来真不错。这件衣服摸起来真滑。这件衣服摸起来真滑。他的话证明是对的。他的话证明是对的。Th
14、e song sounds great.The clothes feels smooth.What he says proves right.4.2.有些动词如read,write,wash,burn,draw,cook,keep,cut,open,sell等用作不及物动词且表示主 语的某种属性或性能,且和副词well,easily,smoothly,badly等连用时,用主动形式表示被动意义。The pen writes smoothly.The play reads more easily than acts.【总结】【总结】以上动词的主语一般是物以上动词的主语一般是物,且这些动词表示主语
15、具有某种内在的且这些动词表示主语具有某种内在的特点特点,这些句子的时态这些句子的时态多用一般现在时多用一般现在时。Translate.这件大衣很容易干。这件大衣很容易干。这支蜡烛燃烧得很快。这支蜡烛燃烧得很快。这扇门锁得很紧。这扇门锁得很紧。This coat dries easily.This candle burns fast.This door locks tightly.4.3 在need,want,require,deserve等词后用动名词的 主动形式表示被动含义，也可用不定式的被动形式。The matter needs looking into.The matter needs
16、_.need/require/deserve/want doing=need/require/deserve/want to be doneto be looked into4.4.be worth 后接动名词的主动式表示被动意义。His suggestion is not worth considering.His suggestion is not _.His suggestion is not _.be worth doing=be worthy to be done=be worthy of being doneworthy to be consideredworthy of bein
17、g consideredCorrect mistakes:This room is belonged to me.This music is sounded sweet.belongs tosounds5.只有及物动词和及物动词短语才可以有被动语态。不及物动词,不及物动词短语或系动词没有被动语态。如:happen,go on,take place,belong to,sound,feel等。His dream His dream came truecame true finally.finally.6.在“名词/代词+be+adj.+to do”结构中,谓语动词主语有逻辑上的动宾关系，用主动表
18、被动。(常用形容词 easy,difficult,impossible,important)The book is easy to understand.Our boss is difficult to communicate with.The goal is impossible to realize.7.某些作表语用的不定式，强调出租，责备等，此类常用的动词有let,blame等。不定式主动形式表被动意义。Am I to blame?The house is to let.8.注意区别被动语态与系表结构：被动语态强调动作，主语是该动作的承受者；系表结构强调状态，说明主语的特点或所处的状态。
19、The long novel was written by Mr.Lu Xun in the 1920s.The long novel is well written,isnt it?The glass was broken by his little son yesterday.Look,the glass is broken!Who broke it?被动语态被动语态被动语态被动语态系表结构系表结构系表结构系表结构 My favourite funny story in The Adventures of Tom Sawyer is when Tom(1)_(tell)by his aun
20、t to paint the gate white.The work is a punishment because he missed school one day.Of course,he does not want to do any work.At first,Tom(2)_(watch)by his friends and(3)_(laugh at),so he feels quite bad.But soon he turns the situation round,and he(4)_(help)by his friends instead.Tom says that he en
21、joys painting the gate white,and his friends want to try.He asks each friend to give him something valuable,and in return they(5)_(allow)to do some of Toms work!is watched laughed at is told is helped are allowedTom:Why(1)_ popular books _(make)into films?Jack:Oh,because the stories(2)_ _(know)by lo
22、ts of people,so the films will become popular as well.Tom:But why(3)_ the stories sometimes _ (change)in films?Jack:Because films and books are different.Some people in the book are not included in the film,but others are more important than they are in the book.Tom:But that doesnt happen in histori
23、cal films?Jack:Yes,it does.Sometimes even the facts about history (4)_(change).Tom:But why(5)_ facts _(rewrite)?Jack:Because films dont always try to teach history,but to tell a good story!are made areare changed known are changed are rewritten将下列句子改写为被动语态。1.We have studied English for 3 years at th
24、e school.2.They had produced 100 tractors by the end of last year.3.They have warned us to be careful of rats.English has been studied by us for 3 years at the school.100 tractors had been produced by the end of last year.We have been warned to be careful of rats by them.4.We must keep this in mind.
25、This must be kept in mind.5.We shall not use the washing machine again.6.A girl saw my wallet drop when she passed by.This washing machine will not be used again.My wallet was seen to drop by a girl when she passed by.7.He showed me a ticket.A ticket was shown to me by him.8.The nurse is taking care
26、 of the sick people.The sick people are being taken care of by the nurse.I was shown a ticket by him.Complete the sentences with appropriate forms of the verbs.Then try to translate these sentences into Chinese.Practice form Textbook P51.What is done cannot _.(undo)2.Janet _ chairwoman of the studen
27、t union last month.(elect)3.Two hundred grammes of flour should _ to the cake mix.(add)be done木已成舟。was elected珍妮特上个月当选为学生会主席。蛋糕料里需要加入两百克面粉。be added4.A 3,000-seat venue _ for the circus performance in November.(build)5.Working efficiency _ since this new software was adopted.(improve)6.Only one piece
28、 of carry-on luggage _ for each economy class passenger.(allow)was built/will be built一个拥有三千座位，供马戏表演使用的场地于十一月建成/将在十一月建成。has been improved自从采用了新软件，工作效率就被提升了。is allowed经济舱的乘客每人仅允许携带一件随身行李。7.It is a great honour for me to _ to address this international AI conference.(invite)8.When I entered the room,I
29、 found that the salesmans salary _ at the meeting.(discuss)9.With exams being adapted into Braille,a blind senior high school student scored 630 points out of 650 in the College Entrance Examination.He is expected to _ to a top university.(admit)be invited我很荣幸能被邀请在AI大会上发言。was being discussed我进会议室的时候
30、发现正在讨论销售员的薪水。be admitted使用转换为盲文的高考试卷，一位高中的视障学生考取了630分（总分650）。他有望被一所名校录取。1.Carle Pieters,a scientist at Brown University,says,because it means we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon _(construct).”(2020全国卷)2.The artist was sure he would _(choose),but when he presented his masterpi
31、ece to the emperors chief minister,the old man laughed.(2020全国卷)3.A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who _(trap)in the mountains for two days.(2018北京卷)is constructedbe chosenhad been trapped4.During a visit to Boston in 1733,Franklin _ (impress)with the citys fire prevention methods
32、.5.At university,you will _(teach)by lecturers and professors who are leading figures in their study.6.Sometimes chopsticks are quite artistic.Truly elegant chopsticks might _(make)of gold and silver with Chinese characters.(2016全国卷)7.Shuai jiao _(consider)by some experts as the origin of modern thr
33、owing sports such as judo.was impressedbe taughtbe madeis considered8.When the time came to make the final decision for a course,I decided to apply for the one that _(reflect)my interest.(2016浙江卷)9.More efforts,as reported,_(make)in the years ahead to accelerate the supplyside structural reform.(201
34、6江苏卷)10.Two years ago,while Cathy _(watch)the Olympics,a dream came into her sweet little headto be a swimmer.(2016天津卷)reflectedwill be madewas watching11.And,as more children were born,more food _(need).（2020浙江）12.The parts of a museum open to the public _(call)galleries or rooms.（2020山东）13.On the
35、last day of our weeklong stay,we _(invite)to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars.（2019全国卷）was neededare calledwere invited(2018天津高考改编天津高考改编)My washing machine _ (repair)this week,so I have to wash my clothes by hand.(2018江苏高考改编江苏高考改编)I was sent to the vill
36、age last month to see how the development plan _(carry)out in the past two years.(2017全国卷全国卷)When fat and salt_(remove)from food,the food tastes as if it is missing something.is being repairedhad been carriedare removed高考改编(2017全国卷全国卷)Steam engines_(use)to pull the carriages and it must have been fa
37、irly unpleasant for the passengers,with all the smoke and noise.(2017全国卷全国卷)Sarah _(tell)that she could be Britains new supermodel,earning a million dollars in the next year.were used was told/has been told explore translate discover regard represent set up recruit write get caught up connectScience
38、 fiction _ by many people as a mirror through which our future can be freely imagined and _.The Three-Body Problem,_ by Chinese writer Liu Cixin,is one of those astonishing predictions about the future.The work was first published in a Chinese sci-fi magazine in 2006 and printed as a three-volume bo
39、ok in 2008.When the first volume _ into English by Read the introduction to a science fiction novel and complete the passage using the correct forms of the words in the box.is regardedexplored/representedwrittenwas translatedChinese-American author Ken Liu,it attracted attention around the world,bec
40、oming the first Asian winner of the Hugo Award for Best Novel.The book _ many themes such as space exploration,alien contact,AI,and the future of humans.The Three Body Problem begins with the stories of two unrelated people,Ye Wenjie and Wang Miao.Ye _ to join a secret project in a remote area of Ch
41、ina,which _ to contact alien life forms.In the other story,set 20 years later,Wang representsis recruitedhas been set upMiao _ in a popular online game called Three Body,in which people live on an unknownplanet with three suns.But Wang discovers it is more than a game it uncovers a great danger thre
42、atening human existence.How are these two peoples stories _?And how will their behaviour change Earths future and the civilizations of other planets?Answers to all these questions are waiting to _ when you go on reading.gets caught upconnectedbe discovered主动语态主动语态被动语态被动语态一般现在时do/does一般过去式did一般将来时will do现在进行时am/is/are doing过去进行时was/were doing现在完成时has/have done过去完成时had done语态语态时态时态am/is/are+donewas/were+donewill+be doneam/is/are+being donewas/were+being donehas/have+been donehad+been done使用被动语态时要注意使用被动语态时要注意 和和 。时态时态单复数单复数XB4 U1 Learning About Language（P5）
