1、Unit 2 Words and Understanding Ideas词汇精讲词汇精讲1behavior n.举止，行为举止，行为教材原句教材原句If harmless actions are the opposite of harmful actions,why are shameless and shameful behaviors the same？(P15)如果如果harmless(无害的无害的)动作是动作是harmful(有害的有害的)动动作的作的反义词，为什么反义词，为什么shameless(无耻的无耻的)行为行为和和shameful(可耻的可耻的)行为是相同的呢？行为是相同的呢
2、？归纳拓展归纳拓展 behave v.表现表现(1)behave well/badly to/towards sb.对某人表现良好对某人表现良好/糟糕糟糕 behave oneself 守规矩；表现得体守规矩；表现得体(2)wellbehaved adj.表现好的表现好的 badlybehaved adj.表现差的表现差的We should behave well to/towards our parents.You should behave yourself when in public.Many parents are worrying about the effect of smart
3、phone on their childrens behavior.Behave _(you)in public and you will win the respect of most of us.He told his pupils _(behave)well and not to chat while listening to a lecture.yourselfto behave2confusing adj.令人困惑的；令人混淆的令人困惑的；令人混淆的教材原句教材原句Even the smallest words can be confusing.(P15)即使是最小的单词也会令人困惑
4、。即使是最小的单词也会令人困惑。归纳拓展归纳拓展(1)confuse vt.使迷惑；混淆使迷惑；混淆 confuse.with/and.把把和和混淆混淆(2)confusion n混乱；困惑混乱；困惑(3)confused adj.困惑的困惑的He used many terms in his speech which sounded confusing to the audience.I always confuse her _ her twin sister：they look so alike.To avoid _(confuse)，the teams wore different co
5、lours.with/andconfusionThe _ look on his face suggested that he was _ about the _ questions asked by his parents.(confuse)温馨提示温馨提示ving形式的形容词表示形式的形容词表示“事物事物”的性质和特征的性质和特征，意意为为“的；令人的；令人的的”；v.ed形式的形式的形容词形容词往往往往表示表示“人人”所处的状态，常用来描述人，意所处的状态，常用来描述人，意为为“感到感到的的”。另外，。另外，修饰修饰face，look，expression，voice等时，常用等时，常用
6、v.ed形式的形容词形式的形容词confusedconfusedconfusing3burn up 烧尽；烧毁；燃烧能量；火烧旺烧尽；烧毁；燃烧能量；火烧旺教材原句教材原句You also have to wonder at the unique madness of a language in which a house can burn up as it burns down.(P15)你也会很想知道这种看似奇怪又独特的语言，你也会很想知道这种看似奇怪又独特的语言，在在这种这种语言中，房子可以在语言中，房子可以在burns down(被烧毁被烧毁)时时burn up(被烧尽被烧尽)归纳拓展
7、归纳拓展burn down 全部全部焚毁；焚毁；(火势火势)减弱减弱burn to the ground 烧毁烧毁burn out 烧坏烧坏；燃尽；筋疲力尽，耗尽体力；燃尽；筋疲力尽，耗尽体力If you do not slow down and take a break,you will burn _ very quickly.If you forgot to turn off the iron when you went away,you might burn _ the house.Many of the wooden houses in the village were burned
8、_ the ground in the big fire.outdownto巧学活用巧学活用写出下列句中写出下列句中burn up的含义的含义Usually the satellites burn up about 100km above the earth._Do you know how much energy you will burn up during the relay race？_ Mum put more wood on the fire to make it burn up and the room became warm gradually._烧毁烧毁燃烧能量燃烧能量火烧旺
9、火烧旺4reflect v.显示，反映；反射显示，反映；反射(声或者光声或者光)；思考；思考教材原句教材原句English was invented by people,not computers,and it reflects the creativity of the human race.(P15)英语英语是由人而不是电脑发明的，它反映了人类是由人而不是电脑发明的，它反映了人类的创造力。的创造力。归纳拓展归纳拓展(1)reflect on/upon 仔细考虑；沉思；反省仔细考虑；沉思；反省(2)reflection n反映，表现；倒影；影像；思考，反映，表现；倒影；影像；思考，反省反省W
10、hen you make a mistake,you should reflect on your behavior.Without the forest cover，these areas would reflect more heat into the atmosphere，warming the rest of the world.MidAutumn celebrations reflect Chinese cultural traditions.The trip to that city was eyeopening for everyone,and near its end,all
11、the young people in our group began to reflect _ what it had meant.Usually a childs behavior is a _(reflect)of his family environment.on/uponreflection语境助记语境助记The light reflected from the water into my eyes.White clouds were reflected in the lake.Sitting by the lake,I was reflecting on what my mom s
12、aid.On reflection,I decided to accept her suggestion.5creativity n.创造性；创造力；创作能力创造性；创造力；创作能力教材原句教材原句English was invented by people,not computers,and it reflects the creativity of the human race.(P15)英语是由人而不是电脑发明的，它反映了人类的英语是由人而不是电脑发明的，它反映了人类的创造力。创造力。归纳拓展归纳拓展create v.创造；创作；创立创造；创作；创立creation n.创造；创造物创造
13、；创造物creative adj.创造性的，有创造力的；创造性的，有创造力的；有创意的有创意的creator n.创作人；创作者；创始人创作人；创作者；创始人American art reached a peak of creativity in the 50s and 60s.It was with faithfulness that we _(create)a harmonious atmosphere.Shes very _(create)she writes poetry and paints.Language is the most important mental_(create)
14、of man.Jobs was without doubt one of the _(create)of the Apple Inc.createdcreativecreationcreatorsExploringWhich language has the largest number of native speakers?Look and sayLook and sayBecause China has the largest population in the world.Chinese 1,390millionWhich language has the largest number
15、of learners?English 1,500 millionAmong these 1,500 million English learners,do you know how many learners are there in China?Complete the table according to Chart 3What conclusion can you draw from Chart 3?50 million200 million300 millionThe number of English Learners in China is increasing greatly.
16、Watch and sayWatch and say1.Which countries mentioned in the video have English as their first language?2.Where do a third of English words come from?What examples are given in the video?Answers:1.The UK,Ireland,the USA,Canada,New Zealand and Australia.2.More than a third of English words come from
17、French,such as fruit,table,crocodile,invasion.Understanding ideastitlehameggplantpinepineapplesculptsculptureseasickn.题目，标题题目，标题n.火腿火腿n.茄子茄子n.松树松树n.菠萝菠萝v.雕刻，雕塑雕刻，雕塑n.雕像，雕刻品，雕塑作品雕像，雕刻品，雕塑作品adj.晕船的晕船的Words and Expressionsairsickcarsickhomesickopposingbehaviorconfusingcapitalizeduniqueadj.晕机的晕机的adj.晕车的
18、晕车的adj.想家的想家的adj.（观点、意见等）相反（观点、意见等）相反的，相对立的的，相对立的n.举止，行为举止，行为adj.令人困惑的令人困惑的adj.大写的大写的adj.独一无二的；独特的独一无二的；独特的Words and Expressionsburn upburn downalarmreflectcreativityvisiblewind upcreative烧毁，烧尽烧毁，烧尽烧毁烧毁n.警报器；闹钟警报器；闹钟v.显示，反映显示，反映n.创造性，创造力创造性，创造力adj.看得见的，可见的看得见的，可见的给（机械）上发条；使（活动、给（机械）上发条；使（活动、会议等）结束会议
19、等）结束adj.创造（性）的创造（性）的Words and ExpressionsSometimes we can get an English words meaning from its formation.footballsnowfallafternoontakeawayindoornotebookplaygroundbathroomhardworkingwarmheartedschoolgirlblackboardbookshopweekendI was arrested(逮捕逮捕)at the airport.Just because I was greeting my cousin
20、 Jack!All that I said was“Hi!Jack,”but very loud.Sometimes people will make mistakes or funny stories because of the misusing of English words.So,we may make mistakes when were learning English only by understanding a word from its formation.Were going to learn something interesting about these word
21、s.Can you speak out their meaning?hamburger eggplant pineapple paintsculpt sculpture painting take a photoin a car/taxi on a train/bus sick homework housework hard soft hardly rain snow sunshine US alarm Before readingLook at the title of the passage and the pictures.What do you think the passage is
22、 about?foodcookingwords fruit plantsNow lets read the passage and check the answer.Task1While readingRead and finish the tasks as quickly as possible.1.To tell us that English is very difficult to learn.2.To give advice on how to learn English.3.To show that English is interesting and creative.4.To
23、explain how English was created.Task2Choose the authors purpose in writing the passage.P16 3 Why do you think so?Can you find examples in the passage?.Read the text carefully and choose the best answer according to the text.1How does the author support his/her idea in the passage?ABy listing numbers
24、.BBy making comparison.CBy giving some examples.DBy using some research results.2What is the authors purpose in writing the passage?ATo explain how English was created.BTo give advice on how to learn English.CTo tell us that English is very difficult to learn.DTo show that English is interesting and
25、 creative.3Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?AWhen we see rain,we can say its raining.BWhen we see the capitalized“WHO”in a medical report,we can read it as the“who”in“Whos that？”CHarmless actions are the opposite of harmful actions.DWe can see the stars when the
26、y are out.4What do the two phrases“wind up”mean in the last sentence?AThey both mean“turn a handle”BThey both mean“finish or stop doing sth.”.CThe first means“turn a handle”，and the second means“finish or stop doing sth.”.DThe first means“finish or stop doing sth.”,and the second means“turn a handle
27、”uniqueComplete the notes with words from the passage.Task3P16 4no egg in eggplantno ham in _ neither pine nor apple in _老婆饼老婆饼鱼香肉丝鱼香肉丝夫妻肺片夫妻肺片hamburgerpineapplesculpt a sculpture paint a(n)_ BUT take a photoseasick sick at sea_ sick in the air_ sick in the carBUT _ sick at homepaintingairsickhomesi
28、ckcarsick“Hard”is the opposite of“soft”.BUT“Hardly”and“softly”are not a(n)_ pair.“Harmless”is the opposite of“harmful”.BUT Shameful and shameless _ are the same.When we see rain or snow,we can say“its raining”or“its _.”BUT when we see sunshine,we cant say“its _.”opposingbehaviorssnowingsunshiningbur
29、n up burn downfill in a form _ a formStars are out.They are visible.Lights are out.They are _.I wind up my watch.It starts.I wind up the passage.It _.fill outinvisibleendsuniquehamburgerpineapplepaintingbehaviorsfill outairsickhomesickinvisibleopposingendsreflectscarsickP16 4Fill in the blanks and t
30、ry to retell the passage Neither Pine nor Apple in Pineapple.4After readinganalyzing,mindmap,summary,retellingIntroduce the topic List some examplesDraw a conclusionThe authors opinion Learn to understand the passage.1TopicNeither Pine nor Apple in Pineapple Have you ever asked yourself why people o
31、ften have trouble learning English?I hadnt,until one day my fiveyearold son asked me whether there was ham in a hamburger.There isnt.This made me realize that theres no egg in eggplant either.Neither is there pine nor apple in pineapple.This got me thinking how English can be a crazy language to lea
32、rn.老婆老婆饼饼鱼鱼香肉丝香肉丝夫妻肺夫妻肺片片 For example,in our free time we can sculpt a sculpture and paint a painting,but we take a photo.And when we are traveling we say that we are in the car or the taxi,but on the train or bus!While were doing all this traveling,we can get seasick at sea,airsick in the air and c
33、arsick in a car,but we dont get homesick when we get back home.And speaking of home,why arent homework and housework the same thing？If“hard”is the opposite of“soft”，why are“hardly”and“softly”not an opposing pair?If harmless actions are the opposite of harmful actions,why are shameless and shameful b
34、ehaviors the same?When we look out of the window and see rain or snow,we can say“its raining”or“its snowing”.But when we see sunshine,we cant say“its sunshining”Even the smallest words can be confusing.When you see the capitalized“WHO”in a medical report,do you read it as the“who”in“Whos that？”What
35、about“IT”and“US”？You also have to wonder at the unique madness of a language in which a house can burn up as it burns down,in which you fill in a form by filling it out,and in which an alarm is only heard once it goes off!English was invented by people,not computers,and it reflects the creativity of
36、 the human race.That is why when the stars are out,they are visible,but when the lights are out,they are invisible.And that is why when I wind up my watch,it starts,but when I wind up this passage,it ends.课文语法填空课文语法填空 Have you ever asked 1._(you)why people often have trouble 2._(learn)English?I hadn
37、t,until one day my fiveyearold son asked me 3._ there was ham in a hamburger.This got me thinking how English can be a crazy language 4._(learn)Even the smallest words can be 5._(confuse)You also have to wonder at the unique madness of a language in 6._ a house can burn up as it burns down,and in wh
38、ich an alarm 7._(hear)once it goes off!yourselflearningwhetherto learnconfusingwhichis heard English 8._(invent)by people,not computers,and it reflects the creativity of the human race.That is why when the stars are out,they are visible,but when the 9._(light)are out,they are invisible.And that is w
39、hy when I wind up my watch,it starts,10._ when I wind up this passage,it ends.was inventedlightsbutLanguage Points1Have you ever asked yourself why people often have trouble learning English？(P14)你有没有问过自己为什么人们在学习英语时经常你有没有问过自己为什么人们在学习英语时经常遇到困难？遇到困难？句句中中have trouble(in)doing sth.意为意为“做某事有做某事有困难、费力困难、费
40、力”，其中，其中doing 前面省略了前面省略了in。其中。其中trouble 为不可数名词，前面可用为不可数名词，前面可用some，any，no，little等词来修饰。等词来修饰。归纳拓展归纳拓展表示表示“做某事有困难做某事有困难”的常见结构：的常见结构：have difficulty with sth.have trouble/problem(in)doing sth.have a hard time in doing sth.theres difficulty/trouble with sth.in doing sth.I have difficulty/trouble with En
41、glish.in learning English.She had a hard time in finding his house.There is difficulty/trouble with the text.There is difficulty/trouble in finishing the task on time.Did you have trouble finding Anns house?Not really.She had given us clear directions and we were able to find it easily.For him,there
42、 is no difficulty _(answer)such an easy question.I had a hard time _(climb)up the horse while he was riding happily.answeringclimbing温馨提示温馨提示在语法填空中，常将在语法填空中，常将have trouble(in)doing sth.句句式中的式中的trouble/difficulty提前提前作先行词，因此定语作先行词，因此定语从句中从句中have后常为后常为 doing形式。试比较：形式。试比较：You cant imagine what great dif
43、ficulty we have ever had finding the right person.You cant imagine what great difficulty we have ever had found the right person.Do you know the trouble I have _(learn)English?Do you know the trouble(that)I have(in)learning English?()()2.This made me realize that theres no egg in eggplant either.“ma
44、ke+宾语宾语+宾补宾补”，宾语补足语通常由名词、，宾语补足语通常由名词、形容词、省略形容词、省略to的不定式（短语）、过去分词来的不定式（短语）、过去分词来充当。充当。“使使做某事做某事”Itll make me happy if you accept it.make+宾语宾语+名词名词 And he made the whole factory a moving production line.make+宾语宾语+形容词形容词News reports make people famous.make+宾语宾语+过去分词过去分词I had to speak aloud to make myse
45、lf heard by all the students.make+宾语宾语+省略省略to的的不定式不定式The teacher made the girl study six hours a day.注意：注意：在被动语态中，此结构中被省略的不定式符号在被动语态中，此结构中被省略的不定式符号to要还原。要还原。The girl was made to study six hours a day.【语境应用语境应用】单句语法填空。单句语法填空。1)Paul doesnt have to be made _(learn).He always works hard.2)These photos m
46、ade me _(think)of my schooldays.to learnthink3Neither is there pine nor apple in pineapple.pineapple(菠萝菠萝)里既没有里既没有pine(松树松树)也没有也没有apple(苹果苹果)。(1)“就近一致就近一致”原则原则neithernor连接两个名词或代词作主语时，谓连接两个名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词的数遵循语动词的数遵循“就近原则就近原则”，有同样用法的还，有同样用法的还有有eitheror(或者或者或者或者)，not onlybut also(不但不但而且而且)，notbut(不是不是而是
47、而是)等。等。Neither the students nor the teacher knows anything about it.Either she or I am going there tomorrow.Not only you but also he is going to join the club.(2)否定副词放句首，主句构成部分倒装。否定副词放句首，主句构成部分倒装。neither置于句首的部分倒装句式语序为：置于句首的部分倒装句式语序为：neither系动词系动词be/助动词助动词/情态动词主语动词原形情态动词主语动词原形(不不含系动词含系动词be)其他成分。可用其他成
48、分。可用nor替换替换neither。There is neither pine nor apple in pineapple.Neither is there pine nor apple in pineapple.归纳拓展归纳拓展以否定副词位于句首时，主句要部分倒装。常见以否定副词位于句首时，主句要部分倒装。常见的表示否定意义的副词的表示否定意义的副词(短语短语)有：有：hardly，rarely，scarcely，nowhere，never，not，little，seldom，at no time，in no way，by no means，under no condition，not
49、until，neither，nor等。等。We should never give up.Never should we give up.He seldom came to visit me when I was in England.Seldom did he come to visit me when I was in England.If he doesnt go to the park tomorrow,neither/nor will I.Nor _ where we should go next.我我也不知道我们下一步去哪里也不知道我们下一步去哪里。Never _ so wonde
50、rful as that.以前以前我从未看见那样精彩的东西我从未看见那样精彩的东西。Little _ the man making speech.我们我们对这个演讲的人几乎一无所知对这个演讲的人几乎一无所知。do I knowhave I seen anythingdid/do we know about4That is why when the stars are out,they are visible,but when the lights are out,they are invisible.(P15)那就是为什么星星那就是为什么星星out(出来出来)时是看得见的，但灯时是看得见的，但
