1、UNIT 2Exploring EnglishReview:Word formationLook at the sentences and expressions from the reading passage.Match the words in bold to the types of word formation.a Neither is there pine nor apple in pineapple.b.sculpt a sculpture.c When we.see rain.,we can say“its raining”.d WHO1 abbreviating2 chang
2、ing the part of speech3 adding a prefix or suffix4 combining two or more wordsReview:Word formationComplete the passage with the help of word formation.When you open a dictionary,you often come across a lot of unfamiliar words.You might think this is a bit scary.But many of them are formed using oth
3、er simpler words.This is called word formation.Words formed by combining other words are called compounds,for example,1_(a friend that you contact by writing,traditionally using a pen)and 2_(known by many people).Prefixes and suffixes often have fixed meanings.If you add un-or in-to a word,the new w
4、ord usually means the opposite.penfriendwell-knownReview:Word formationFor example,if something isnt correct its 3_,and if someone isnt happy theyre 4_.Words with the suffixes-ment and-ness are often nouns.For example,if somebody has improved a lot,they have made great 5_.Some nouns and adjectives c
5、an be used as verbs,or the other way round.When we calm somebody down,they become 6_.And we can give someone a present by 7_ it.incorrectunhappyimprovementcalmpresentingReview:Word formationAnd sometimes a word is made up of the first letters of several words:“World Trade Organization”can be referre
6、d to as 8_,and 9_ is short for“as soon as possible”.It is impossible to know the meaning of every word,but knowing about word formation can help us guess their meanings.WTOASAPReview:Word formationWork in groups.Choose one type and come up with as many words as possible.abbreviating changing the par
7、t of speech adding a prefix or suffix combining two or more words like1.unlike，adj.不同不同;不像不像;相异相异2.dislike vt.不喜欢;厌恶;n.厌恶;反感3.likely adj.可能的;预料的;4.likelihood n.可能;可能性5.likeness n.相像;相似;6.liking n.喜欢;喜好;嗜好;乐趣v.like的现在分词7.unlikely adj.不大可能发生的 American and British English Look at the pictures and get t
8、o know the American English words and their British equivalents.American and British EnglishToday,American English is in common international use.It is different from British English in several ways,mostly in spelling and vocabulary.Some American spellings were created by Noah Webster,who made one o
9、f Americas first dictionaries.He changed“-re”spellings to“-er”,which is why 1_ is spelt 2_ in American English.theatretheater1.in common2.spell v.拼写3.vocabulary n.词汇The Americans and the British also use different words for everyday things.For example,Americans talk about putting 3_ in their cars an
10、d driving along the 4_,whereas in the UK,people put 5_ in their cars and drive along the 6_.Americans take the 7_ to the top floor of a building,but the British use the 8_.In the US,they take the 9_,but in the UK,people travel on the 10_.Americans live in a(n)11_,while the British live in a(n)12_.It
11、s not as confusing as it seems:usually people from the two countries can understand each other from the context.But that doesnt stop them having a friendly argument about which word is the“right”one!gashighwaypetrolmotorwayelevatorliftsubwayundergroundapartmentflat Unfamiliar English expressions Lis
12、ten to three conversations and match them to the pictures.bConversation 1cConversation 2aConversation 3 Unfamiliar English expressions Listen again and complete the table.Words MeaningOrigin dim suma kind of traditional 1_from 2_3_using a cellphone without caring about others a combination of the wo
13、rds 4_ and 5_6_a shorter way of saying 7_ from the Internet Chinese foodthe Guangdong dialectcellfishcellphoneselfishLOL“laugh out loud”构词法构词法英语构词法主要有四种：派生法、合成法、转化法和缩略法。1 派生法派生法在一个词根的前面或后面加上某个词缀生成一个新词，这种构词法称为派生法。加在前面的词缀叫前缀，加在后面的词缀叫后缀。（1）前缀）前缀前缀一般只改变词的意义，不改变词性。表示否定意义的前缀 表示否定意义的前缀（2）后缀：）后缀：后缀通常改变词性，构成
14、意思相近的其他词性的词，少数后缀会改变词义。形容词后缀 续表续表单句语法填空单句语法填空第一组：前缀第一组：前缀(1)She never gets any exerciseshe must be really _（fit）.(2)词汇复现 Her nervousness quickly _（appear）once she was on stage.(3)No，I _（agree）.I dont think it would be the right thing to do.(4)I want to speak to Mr Franks.Im afraid thats _（possible）.(
15、5)This meeting room is a _（smoking）area.I would like to warn you in advance that if you smoked here you would be fined.(6)Dont _（understand）meI am grateful for all youve done.unfitdisappeareddisagreeimpossiblenon-smokingmisunderstand(7)He was so tired that he fell _（sleep）at his desk.(8)It was a bad
16、 accidenttheyre lucky to be _（live）.(9)The study of science has _（rich）all our lives.(10)Reading will _（large）your vocabulary.(11)How do you find an _（national）partner for your project?(12)We take all our bottles to be _（cycle）.(13)Lucy turned on the _（vision）to watch the evening news.asleepaliveenr
17、ichedenlargeinternationalrecycledtelevision第二组：后缀第二组：后缀(14)For this course a pass in English at grade B is _（accept）.(15)词 汇 复 现 It is important to look at the political and _（culture）context in which the novel was written.(16)In the picture，we can see a boy in worn clothes，sitting at a shabby _（woo
18、d）table with a pile of books on it.(17)2019天津卷 Personally，Id want to learn about _（west）painting.(18)2019 江 苏 卷 Its an opportunity to make the _（China）culture better known to international students.(19)If we know that gossip（流言蜚语）can be _（harm），then why do so many of us do it?(20)Water had got into
19、the radio，and now it was completely _（use）.acceptableculturalwoodenwesternChineseharmfuluseless(21)She was very _（impress）in the interview.(22)The forest in the dark is _（danger）for them.(23)I neednt have worried before I came to the new school，for my classmates here are very _（friend）to me.(24)He l
20、eft as a poor，working-class boy and returned as a _（wealth）man.(25)The books in the library are _（class）according to subject.(26)If we go on a trip abroad，we can _（broad）our view and gain knowledge we cannot get from books.(27)I think you should _（apology）to your brother.impressivedangerousfriendlyw
21、ealthyclassifiedbroadenapologize/apologise(28)2019全国卷 Everybody uses a keyboard and everybody types _（different）.(29)2019 全 国 卷 For Western _（design），China and its rich culture have long been an inspiration（灵感）for Western creative.(30)Simon is a comedian and _（act）who has 10 years experience of teac
22、hing comedy.(31)2019 江 苏 卷 Naomi，Melissas best friend and a talented _（piano），got to know about this and showed willingness to help.(32)2017 浙 江 卷 Last October，while tending her garden in Mora，Sweden，Lena Pahlsson pulled out a _（hand）of small carrots and was about to throw them away.(33)2019全国卷 This
23、 _（develop）did not take place overnight.(34)2019全国卷 First，you need to evaluate yourself，your values，your strengths，your _（weak），your _（achieve），your desires，etc.Only then should you set your goals.differentlydesignersactorpianisthandfuldevelopmentweaknessesachievements(35)2019 江 苏 卷 He felt concerne
24、d about his _（ill）.(36)2019天津 3 月卷 For the first time，I could see _（soft）and _（warm）in his eyes.(37)2019全国卷 What makes the _（invent）of the smart keyboard possible?(38)2019全国卷 There were two reasons for the _（decide）.(39)2018浙江卷 I have no _（difficult）communicating with them.(40)2019北京卷_（honest）is the
25、 best policy.(41)2018浙江 11 月卷 You probably have been using caffeine since _（child）.illnesssoftnesswarmthinventiondecisiondifficultyHonestychildhood2 合成法：合成法：把两个或两个以上的词合成一个新词，这种构词法叫合成法，由合成法构成的词叫合成词。合成词包括合成名词、合成动词、合成形容词等。（1）合成名词的主要构成方法）合成名词的主要构成方法（2）合成动词的主要构成）合成动词的主要构成方法方法（3）合成形容词的主要构成方法）合成形容词的主要构成方法（
26、4）合成副词的主要构成）合成副词的主要构成方法方法（5）合成介词的主要构成方法）合成介词的主要构成方法完成句子：第一组完成句子：第一组(1)Sally walked onto the platform，picked up a piece of chalk and wrote _（在黑板上）：“Rule 1：We are family!”(2)The childrens laughter was still ringing in my ears as I _（离开操场）.(3)The 3，500 residents cannot all _（享受阳光）at the same time.(4)Th
27、e scenery along the river is amazing，with many well-known _（观光景点）.on the blackboardleft the playgroundenjoy the sunshinesightseeing spots(5)Notices _（在 候 车 室）requested that you neither smoke nor spit.(6)I made many new friends _（在联欢会上）.(7)Tourism is a major _（收入来源）for the area.(8)Then go outside and
28、 work out a plan to translate your childhood memories into your _（成年人花园）.(9)I went and sat in a cafe and _（看着路人）.in the waiting roomat the get-togethersource of incomegrown-up gardenwatched the passers-by第四组第四组(19)I like the house but I dont think Ill _（在那里永远住下去）.(20)2017北京卷 When lab rats are not al
29、lowed to sleep，they die _（一个月内）.live there foreverwithin a month第二组第二组(10)Franklin swam and _（在池边晒太阳）every morning.(11)Users can _（把他们的资料下载到）a desktop PC.(12)The wall _（已经粉刷过了）.第三组第三组(13)Her _（随 和 的 天 性）made her popular.(14)_（辛勤工作的人）usually can get what they want.(15)I think that his speech inspired
30、 _（每一个爱好和平的人）.(16)Mom _（有 一份全职工作），but she has to do most of the housework.(17)This was a frightening experience for _（一个四岁的孩子）.sunbathed at the pooldownload their material tohas been whitewashedeasy-going natureHard-working peopleevery peace-loving personhas a full-time joba four-year-old child3 转化法
31、转化法一个单词由一种词性转化为另一种或几种词性，这种构词法称为转化法。（1）由名词转化为动词）由名词转化为动词face n.脸 v.面对 house n.房屋 v.提供住处nurse n.护士 v.护理 water n.水 v.浇水（2）由动词转化为名词）由动词转化为名词cure v.治疗 n.治愈 lead v.领导 n.领先地位call v.打电话 n.电话，通话 bargain v.讨价还价 n.便宜货（3）由形容词转化为动词）由形容词转化为动词empty adj.空的 v.把腾空 narrow adj.狭窄的 v.使变窄slow adj.慢的 v.减慢，使减慢 better adj.较
32、好的 v.使改善free adj.自由的 v.释放（4）由形容词转化为名词）由形容词转化为名词brief adj.简短的，简要的 n.摘要，概要good adj.好的 n.好处（5）由副词转化为动词）由副词转化为动词forward adv.向前 v.转寄，转运near adv.附近 v.靠近，接近（6）由名词或数词转化为副词）由名词或数词转化为副词home n.家 adv.回家first num.第一 adv.首先，最初（7）由形容词转化为副词）由形容词转化为副词long adj.冗长的；长的 adv.长时间地，长久地hard adj.硬的，难的 adv.激烈地；努力地（8）个别词在一定场合下
33、可转化为名词）个别词在一定场合下可转化为名词This dictionary is a must for students.这是一本学生必备词典。His argument contains too many ifs and buts.他的辩论中含有太多的“如果”和“但是”。翻译下列句子并指出画线单词的词性翻译下列句子并指出画线单词的词性(1)2019北京卷 Nervously facing challenges，I know I will whisper to myself the two simple words“Be yourself”.(2)Were there any calls for
34、 me while I was out?(3)This is where the river narrows.(4)词汇复现 The organization was established to better conditions for the disabled.紧张地面对挑战时，我知道我会对自己低声说那两个简单的单词“Be yourself（做你自己）”。face 动词我不在时有电话找我吗？call 名词这条河就是在这里变窄的。narrow 动词这一组织是为改善残疾人的生活条件而建立的。better 动词(5)Im only telling you this for your own g
35、ood._(6)We neared the top of the hill._(7)It was a lovely day so I walked home._(8)He was still breathing hard after his run._(9)Warm clothes are a must in the mountains._我把这事告诉你只是为你好。good 名词我们快到山顶了。near 动词那天天气很好，所以我走着回家了。home 副词他跑完步后仍然气喘吁吁的。hard 副词御寒衣物在山里是必不可少的东西。must 名词4 缩略法：缩略法：缩略法是把原有的词汇缩短，使读音和写
36、法呈现新的形式。（1）首字母缩写）首字母缩写读音主要有两种形式，即各字母分别读音和作为一个单词读音。WHO（读字母音）World Health Organization 世界卫生组织VIP（读字母音）very important person 要人，贵宾TOEFL（读作/tfl/）Test of English as a Foreign Language 托福考试（2）单词截短）单词截短phone（telephone）电话ad（advertisement）广告flu（influenza）感冒 TV（television）电视写出下列表达的缩略形式并译成汉语写出下列表达的缩略形式并译成汉语(1)photograph _(2)laboratory _(3)gymnasium_(4)examination_(5)information technology _(6)World Trade Organization _(7)the Peoples Republic of China_ photo 照片 lab 实验室gym 健身房，体育馆exam 考试 IT 信息技术 WTO 世界贸易组织 PRC 中华人民共和国THE END
