1、New Horizon College EnglishUnit 2:Section AIron and the Effects of ExerciseI.Pre-reading Activities:Listen,Look&SayWatch&DiscussWatch the video and discuss the given topics.Questions&AnswersListen to a passage and answer some questions.Listen to a passage and fill in the missing words.Compound Dicta
2、tionAcquaint yourself with some relevant information.Background InformationI.Pre-reading Activities:Listen,Look&SayMedicine&Science in Sports&Exercise:This is a multidisciplinary journal featuring original investigations,clinical studies,and comprehensive reviews on current topics in sports medicine
3、 and exercise science.With this multidisciplinary journal,exerciseBack下一页下一页physiologists,physiatrists,physical therapists,team physicians and athletic trainers get a vital exchange of information from basic and applied science,medicine,education,and allied health fields.I.Pre-reading Activities:Lis
4、ten,Look&SayDigestive system:The digestive system is a series of hollow organs joined in a long,twisting tube from the mouth to the anus.Inside this tube is a lining called the mucosa.In the mouth,stomach,and small intestine,the mucosa contains tiny glands that produce juices to help digest food.上一页
5、上一页BackCompound DictationDirections:You will hear a passage.It will be read twice.Listen carefully and supply the missing words.I.Pre-reading Activities:Listen,Look&SayBackAlthough many people _ that balance and movement problems are _ with age,an increasing _ of evidence demonstrates that exercise
6、can help _ balance and strength in elderly _ and reduce their chance of _.In Wolfs study,published in May 1996,215 _ aged 70 to 96 were divided into three groups._,one group took a weekly tai chi class,and _.After 15 weeks,“the tai chi group did the best,and _,”Wolf said.a control group met for a we
7、ekly discussion reduced the chance of having a fall by 47 percentseniors One group performed balance exercises on a computer-controlled platform once a weekfallingimproveindividualsbodyassumeinevitableBackQuestions&AnswersI.Pre-reading Activities:Listen,Look&SayBack1.Why do women often not have enou
8、gh iron in their bodies?2.If iron levels are low,what problems can women experience?3.What can you eat to get iron and what disadvantages can these supplements sometimes have?keykeykeykeyReference Words:to go on a diet,to keep oneself slim,to be particular about,fat-reducing exercise,to reject iron-
9、rich food,to lead to greater loss of iron,physiological characteristics,iron deficiency,monthly bleedingThis is often because most of them go on a restricted diet so as to keep themselves slim.Of course,there are also many other causes of it.One is that many women are more particular about what they
10、 eat than men do.Another is their fat-reducing exercise.If they restrict their diet by rejecting iron-rich food,more exercise may lead to greater loss of iron in their blood.A third one lies in their physiological characteristics.Women of child-bearing age are at the greatest risk of iron deficiency
11、 as their monthly bleeding is a major source of iron loss.返回返回key返回返回Reference Words:to suffer from,iron deficiency,iron reserves,the molecules of blood protein,the working muscles,fatigue,poor performance,to go to zero,to feel out of breath,to be in troubleIf women suffer from iron deficiency,they
12、may experience such problems as follows:If their iron reserves become lower and lower until they are not enough to form the molecules of blood protein that transport oxygen to the working muscles,fatigue and poor performance may begin to appear in their daily life.Once their iron reserves go to zero
13、,they often feel tired,weak,and out of breath.If they wait until that point,they are really in trouble.返回返回Reference Words:to add to,the best sources of iron,people with low iron reserves,to take supplements,generally speaking,to undo the problem,to consume iron-rich food,to produce a feeling,of wan
14、ting to throw up(呕吐呕吐),to be poisonous in some caseskeyPeople who suffer from iron deficiency can add more iron-rich food to their diet.The best sources of iron are meat,chicken,and fish.Good sources of other forms of iron include dates,beans,and some leafy green vegetables.People with low iron rese
15、rves may also take supplements.But generally speaking,its better to undo the problem of iron deficiency by consuming iron-rich food than by taking supplements,because supplements may produce a feeling of wanting to throw up,and may be poisonous in some cases.Directions:Watch the video and then discu
16、ss the topics as follows:2.What advice can you give on physical exercise?key1.What do you think the effects of exercise are?keyI.Pre-reading Activities:Listen,Look&SayVideo watchingBack返回返回1.Do you often go in for physical exercise and what benefits can you get from it?2.Have you ever stopped to see
17、k the negative effects exercise brings about?Path of thinking:keySummary:As is known to all,life lies in exercise.Whatever form of exercise you take,you can reap a lot from it as long as you persist in it.In general,exercise can bring us benefits as follows:1)Proper exercise can stimulate the flow o
18、f our blood,thus bettering our whole health conditions.2)Regular exercise can greatly improve the speed with which our brains react to what is going on around us.3)Good and progressive exercise can help set up in ourselves ambition for success as well as balance of mind.Just as every coin has two si
19、des,however,exercise can also bring us harm.If you are normally inactive and then,prompted by a sudden impulse,start a big program of intense exercise,there are more chances that you have yourself injured.In addition,as for those who go on a fat-reducing diet,the more exercise they take,the greater
20、loss of iron they will suffer and the worse their health conditions will get.And worst of all,continual as well as excessive exercise is more likely to result in sudden death.Thus,how to go in for exercise is something worth more of our concern.返回返回1.Whats your art of exercising?2.What should new ex
21、ercisers pay attention to?Path of thinking:keySummary:There is nothing new in my way of exercising,but there are two practices I always cling to:1)I never try to follow the fashion.No matter whether the hula loop or the social dancing is in,my interest in the same exercise always remains what it has
22、 been.2)The forms of my exercise change with my age.When I was in teens and twenties,I was fond of playing balls;when I was middle-aged,I turned my interest to table-tennis;and now I am getting on in years,so I become addicted to tai chi,an exercise suitable to the senior.Here are the insights glean
23、ed from my own experience in physical exercise:1)Before you take any physical exercise,you must have a clear idea about what kind of exercise is good for your health as well as suitable to your own physical conditions.2)Once you start your program of exercise,both progressiveness and regularity beco
24、me two key ingredients in your smooth implementation of the program.3)With the amount of your exercise on a gradual increase,you should add more iron-rich foods to your daily diet.返回返回Main idea of the text and devices for developing itMain idea of each part and devices for developing itNew words&Tex
25、tTranscriptDevicesMain ideaNew WordsTextPart Part Part Part IVIVBack remedy Phrases and Expressions lead to bounce back in general up to take in at risk tip over the edge out of breath add sth.to throw up go up sum up Proper Names Purdue University Roseanne M.Lyle Medicine&Science in Sports&Exercise
26、 John L.Beard Nancy Clark BackIron and the Effects of ExerciseSports medicine experts have observed for years that endurance athletes,particularly females,frequently have iron deficiencies.Now a new study by a team of Purdue University researchers suggests that even moderate exercise may lead to red
27、uced iron in the blood of women.下一页下一页上一页上一页Back“We found that women who were normally inactive and then started a program of moderate exercise showed evidence of iron loss,”says Roseanne M.Lyle,associate professor at Purdue.Her study of 62 formerly inactive women who began exercising three times a
28、week for six months was published in the journal Medicine&Science in Sports&Exercise.下一页下一页上一页上一页Back“Women who consumed additional meat or took iron supplements were able to bounce back,”she notes.“But the new exercisers who followed their normal diet showed a decrease in iron levels.”Iron deficien
29、cy is very common among women in general,affecting one in four female teenagers and one in five women aged 18 to 45,respectively.But the ratio is even greater among active women,affecting up to 80 percent of female endurance athletes.(To be continued)下一页下一页上一页上一页BackThis means,Lyle says,that“too man
30、y women ignore the amount of iron they take in”.Women of child-bearing age are at greatest risk,since their monthly bleeding is a major source of iron loss.Plus,many health-conscious women increase their risk by rejecting red meat,which contains the most easily absorbed form of iron.And because wome
31、n often restrict their diet in an effort to control weight,they may not consume enough iron-rich food,and are liable to experience a deficiency.下一页下一页上一页上一页Back“The average woman takes in only two thirds of the recommended daily allowance for iron,”notes another expert.“For a woman who already has a
32、 poor iron status,any additional iron loss from exercise may be enough to tip her over the edge into a more serious deficiency,”notes the expert.下一页下一页上一页上一页BackExercise can result in iron loss through a variety of mechanisms.Some iron is lost in sweat,and,for unknown reasons,intense endurance exerc
33、ise is sometimes associated with bleeding of the digestive system.Athletes in high-impact sports such as running may also lose iron through a phenomenon where small blood vessels in the feet leak blood.下一页下一页上一页上一页BackThere are three stages of iron deficiency.The first and most common is having low
34、iron reserves,a condition that typically has no symptoms.Fatigue and poor performance may begin to appear in the second stage of deficiency,when not enough iron is present to form the molecules of blood protein that transport oxygen to the working muscles.In the third and final stage,people often fe
35、el weak,tired,and out of breath and exercise performance is severely compromised.下一页下一页上一页上一页Back“People think that if theyre not at the third stage,nothing is wrong,but thats not true,”says John L.Beard,who helped design the Purdue study.“Youre not stage 3 until your iron reserves go to zero,and if
36、 you wait until that point,youre in trouble.”However,most people with low iron reserves dont know they have a deficiency,because traditional methods of calculating the amount of iron in blood(by checking levels of the blood protein that transports oxygen)are not sufficient,Beard states.(To be contin
37、ued)下一页下一页上一页上一页BackInstead,its important to check levels of a different compound,which indicates the amount of storage of iron in the blood.While active,child-bearing age women are most likely to have low iron stores,he notes,“Men are not safe,especially if they dont eat meat and have a high level
38、of physical activity.”(An estimated 15 percent of male long distance runners have low iron stores.)Beard and other experts say its advisable for people in these groups to have a yearly blood test to check blood iron reserves.下一页下一页上一页上一页BackIf iron levels are low,talk with a physician to see if the
39、deficiency should be corrected by modifying your diet or by taking supplements.In general,its better to undo the problem by adding more iron-rich foods to the diet,because iron supplements can have serious shortcomings.(To be continued)下一页下一页上一页上一页BackSupplements may produce a feeling of wanting to
40、throw up,and may be poisonous in some cases.The best sources of iron,and the only sources of the form of iron most readily absorbed by the body,are meat,chicken,and fish.Good sources of other forms of iron include dates,beans,and some leafy green vegetables.下一页下一页上一页上一页Back“Select breads and cereals
41、 with the words iron-added on the label,”writes sports diet expert Nancy Clark.“This added iron supplements the small amount that naturally occurs in grains.Eat these foods with plentiful Vitamin C(for example,drink orange juice with cereal or put a tomato on a sandwich)to enhance the amount of iron
42、 absorbed.”(To be continued)下一页下一页上一页上一页BackClark also recommends cooking in iron pans,as food can derive iron from the pan during the cooking process.“The iron content of tomato sauce cooked in an iron pot for three hours showed a striking increase,the level going up nearly 30 times,”she writes.And
43、 people who are likely to have low iron should avoid drinking coffee or tea with meals,she says,since substances in these drinks can interfere with iron being absorbed into the body.下一页下一页上一页上一页Back“Active women need to be a lot more careful about their food choices,”sums up Purdues Lyle.“If you pay
44、 attention to warning signs before iron reserves are gone,you can remedy the deficiency before it really becomes a problem.”上一页上一页Main idea of the text?Exercise may lead to more loss of iron in females,which in turn produces serious effects on their health.According to sports medicine experts,active
45、 women should pay more attention to iron deficiency in their bodies and take correct measures to remedy it before it really becomes a problem.Devices for developing it?Back1.Problem-Analysis-Solution(问题解决法问题解决法)Iron and Effects of ExerciseProblemAnalysisSolutionEvaluationThe whole essay is written i
46、n a typical problem-analysis-solution-evaluation pattern.BackProblem:?(Para.1)Now a new study by a team of Purdue University researchers suggests that even moderate exercise may lead to reduced iron in the blood of women.(Para.1)Back1.Problem-Analysis-Solution(问题解决法问题解决法)Provision of evidence for th
47、e problem:?(Paras.2&3)1)Their study of 62 formerly inactive women who began exercising three times a week showed evidence of iron loss;(Para.2)2)Women who consumed additional meat or took iron supplements were able to bounce back;3)The new exercisers who followed their normal diet showed a decrease
48、in iron levels.(Para.3)Back1.Problem-Analysis-Solution(问题解决法问题解决法)返回返回Analysis of general causes for it:?(Para.4)1)Too many women ignore the amount of iron they take in;2)Womens monthly bleeding is a major source of iron loss;3)Many women increase their risk of iron loss by rejecting red meat;4)Wome
49、n are liable to experience a deficiency as a result of restricting their diet in weight control.Back1.Problem-Analysis-Solution(问题解决法问题解决法)Analysis of specific causes for it:?(Paras.5-6)(1)The average woman takes in only 2/3 of the recommended daily allowance for iron,which would easily cause iron d
50、eficiency if they take some exercises.(Para.5)(2)Some iron is lost in sweat,and intense endurance exercises may cause iron deficiency through bleeding of the digestive system and bleeding of the blood vessels in the feet.(Para.6)Back1.Problem-Analysis-Solution(问题解决法问题解决法)Analysis of effects of iron
