1、Part FourWriting and Translation1.Translation1.Translation2.Writing2.WritingKnowing About TranslationKnowing About TranslationTranslationTranslationWritingWritingPart Four:Writing and Translation Translation句子成分转换句子成分转换 Knowing About Translation由于英、汉语言结构的差异，翻译时往往不能逐字由于英、汉语言结构的差异，翻译时往往不能逐字逐句对应地进行，需要作
2、结构调整，即句子成分转逐句对应地进行，需要作结构调整，即句子成分转换，以保证译文的流畅。句子成分转换主要体现在换，以保证译文的流畅。句子成分转换主要体现在以下几个方面以下几个方面：例例(1)He is admired by everybody.大家都很钦佩大家都很钦佩他他。（主语主语hehe译成宾语译成宾语）Part Four:Writing and Translation Translation1.1 主语译成宾语：主要用于英语被动句译成汉语时。主语译成宾语：主要用于英语被动句译成汉语时。1.1.主语的转换主语的转换例例(2)As the match burns,heat and light
3、 are given off.火柴燃烧时发出火柴燃烧时发出光和热光和热。（主语主语heat and light译译成宾语成宾语）Part Four:Writing and Translation Translation例例(4)About halfway through my final year of high school,I was hounded by my parents to enroll in university.在我高中最后一年的中途，父母逼着我考大在我高中最后一年的中途，父母逼着我考大学。学。（主语（主语I I译成宾语）译成宾语）例例(3)Jacob Neusner arg
4、ues that we have been made to believe,according to our college experience,that“failure leaves no record”.雅各布雅各布诺伊斯纳认为大学经历使得诺伊斯纳认为大学经历使得我们我们认为：认为：“失败不会留下任何记录失败不会留下任何记录”（主语（主语wewe译成宾译成宾语）语）Part Four:Writing and Translation Translation1.2 1.2 主语译成谓语主语译成谓语例例(1)Care must be taken at all times to protect
5、the instrument from dust and damp.应当始终应当始终注意注意保护仪器，不使其沾染灰尘和受潮。保护仪器，不使其沾染灰尘和受潮。（主语主语care转译成谓语动词转译成谓语动词）例例(2)My refusal to claim responsibility for my actions and my abuse of newly gained independence and freedom from parental rule had combined to ensure my marks were below the passing grade and to ma
6、ke my Christmas black.To be continuedPart Four:Writing and Translation Translation我不愿为自己的行为承担责任，对于才到手我不愿为自己的行为承担责任，对于才到手的不受父母管制的独立和自由，随心所欲地的不受父母管制的独立和自由，随心所欲地享用，两者加起来确保了我的得分低于及格享用，两者加起来确保了我的得分低于及格线，使我的圣诞节一片漆黑。线，使我的圣诞节一片漆黑。（主语（主语my refusal,my abuse转译成谓语动词）转译成谓语动词）Part Four:Writing and Translation Tra
7、nslation1.3 1.3 主语译成状语主语译成状语 例例(1)Pictures show him in the company of men like Churchill,Einstein and Gandhi.在这些照片在这些照片中我们可以看到他和丘吉尔、爱因斯中我们可以看到他和丘吉尔、爱因斯坦、甘地这些人在一起。坦、甘地这些人在一起。（主语主语pictures转译成状语）转译成状语）例例(2)Opinion polls let us know that,besides the environment,another thing Americans worry most about i
8、s their health.从民意测验中从民意测验中我们了解到，除了环境问题，美我们了解到，除了环境问题，美国人最为担忧的另一件事是他们的健康。国人最为担忧的另一件事是他们的健康。例例(1)Since the invention of the transistor at the Bell Telephone Laboratories in 1948,it has found its way into varied applications in the commercial,industrial and military fields.自从自从19481948年贝尔电话研究所发明晶体管以来，
9、年贝尔电话研究所发明晶体管以来，商业、工业和军事各个领域商业、工业和军事各个领域都广泛应用了这都广泛应用了这一发明一发明。（状语状语in the commercial,industrial and military fields转译成主语转译成主语）Part Four:Writing and Translation Translation2.2.状语的转换状语的转换 Part Four:Writing and Translation Translation例例(2)It can be seen in the results of the experiment that the new appr
10、oach is much better than what we had tried before.实验结果实验结果表明，新的方法比我们所尝试过的表明，新的方法比我们所尝试过的要好得多。要好得多。（状语（状语in the results of the experiment转转译成主语）译成主语）例例(1)He drew a deep breath.他他深深地深深地吸了一口气。吸了一口气。（其中定语（其中定语deep转译成状语）转译成状语）Part Four:Writing and Translation Translation英语中具有动词意义的名词构成的短语，修饰名词英语中具有动词意义的名词
11、构成的短语，修饰名词时经常转译成状语时经常转译成状语.3.3.定语的转换定语的转换例例(2)The mountaineers took a good rest before they set off up to the top of the mountain again.在向山顶再次进发前，登山者们在向山顶再次进发前，登山者们好好地好好地休息休息了一下。了一下。（其中的定语（其中的定语good转译成状语）转译成状语）Part Four:Writing and Translation TranslationDirections:Translate the following sentences
12、into Chinese.1)There is a definite difference between understanding and applying concepts,and memorizing facts that will be simply forgotten as soon as the exam is over.理解、应用概念和记住那些考试一结束就会忘的一干二净理解、应用概念和记住那些考试一结束就会忘的一干二净的事实，这两者之间有着明确的区别。的事实，这两者之间有着明确的区别。Translation Practice3)Tests are the easiest way
13、 for professors to accurately gauge the amount a student is learning,at least in larger classes.2)Especially in technical areas,things are changing so rapidly that the most one can hope to get out of an undergraduate education is the ability to learn.For that,memorizing facts will not be nearly as u
14、seful as gaining the ability to apply them in relevant situation.Part Four:Writing and Translation Translation尤其在技术领域，变化如此迅速，以至于我们从本科教育中尤其在技术领域，变化如此迅速，以至于我们从本科教育中所能期望的最大收益是学习能力的培养。因此，记住事实不所能期望的最大收益是学习能力的培养。因此，记住事实不如获取应用的能力。如获取应用的能力。对教授们来说，考试是评估学生掌握了多少知识的最为简易对教授们来说，考试是评估学生掌握了多少知识的最为简易的方法，至少在比较大的班级是如此
15、。的方法，至少在比较大的班级是如此。5)In real life,we cant anticipate what will happen tomorrow and dont know what should be prepared for.4)Far from an open-book test,real life is a test that you can never get fully ready for and you can,by no means,retake it.Part Four:Writing and Translation Translation现实生活远非一场开卷考，它
16、是一场你永远都无法完全准备现实生活远非一场开卷考，它是一场你永远都无法完全准备好的考试，而且你根本无法补考。好的考试，而且你根本无法补考。在现实生活中，我们无法预测明天会发生什么，也不知道该在现实生活中，我们无法预测明天会发生什么，也不知道该准备些什么。准备些什么。6)Failure and success,ups and downs are characteristic of real life,which is not easy as one would assume.Part Four:Writing and Translation Translation成功失败，起起落落，这些都是现成
17、功失败，起起落落，这些都是现实生活的特征，它并非如人们所猜实生活的特征，它并非如人们所猜想的那么容易。想的那么容易。Part Four:Writing and Translation Writing1)Directions:Write a letter or essay as a response to Bob Greenes“Those College Finals”.Explain why you agree or disagree with him.Writing PracticeA possible outline:A.Summarize Greenes points.B.Commen
18、t on each of his main points.e.g.Can one always bring a book along in real life?Is real life an open-book test?Is real life much easier than college life?C.ConclusionSample Sample Part Four:Writing and Translation WritingDear friend,After I read your essay Those College Finals,some questions pop int
19、o my mind.You said that the most miserable moment of a college students life is during final exam week,that real life is an open-book test,and that real life is much easier than college life.However,I dont quite agree with you.Firstly,the purposes of finals are to show how students are getting on wi
20、th their studies,help them find their weaknesses and have a better grasp of what they have learned.If one works hard at other times,one shouldnt be afraid of finals.Sample Sample To be continuedPart Four:Writing and Translation WritingThe final exam week is thus by no means the most miserable moment
21、.Secondly,in real life,we cant anticipate what will happen tomorrow and dont know what should be prepared for.So it is not easier.On the contrary,it is much more difficult than college life.So I think you need to take a closer look at college life and real life,gain a better understanding of both so
22、 that you wont go to extremes.I hope youll be more positive towards the world.Yours sincerely,Part Four:Writing and Translation Writing2)Directions:Write an anecdote about your school life that you think is funny.Read it to your classmates next time you have an English class.Sample Sample Part Four:
23、Writing and Translation Writing When the National Entrance Exam was approaching,simulated tests became more frequent.One morning,we had a math test first.It was very difficult and we were all very depressed.The physics test would soon follow.We all begged the teacher not to give it,but he wouldnt li
24、sten.We could do nothing but take it.It was even more difficult.You can imagine how frustrated and exhausted we were when we left the classroom around noon.That afternoon,we had two hours of English.To our despair,the English teacher had a pile of papers too!Perhaps she saw we were all tired,she did
25、nt distribute the papers at once.Sample Sample To be continuedPart Four:Writing and Translation WritingInstead,she asked us,“Wouldnt you like to have an English test today?”We were almost paralyzed by too many tests and too many failures,so we shouted in chorus,“No!”She was astonished.A few seconds later,she said,“No,we wont have the test today.”End of Part 4End of Part 4Go to Part 5
