1、Part FourWriting and Translation1.Translation1.Translation2.Writing2.WritingKnowing About TranslationKnowing About TranslationTranslation PracticeTranslation PracticeWriting PracticeWriting PracticeKnowing About Translation 英语长句译成汉语可用三种方法：英语长句译成汉语可用三种方法：原序译法、换序译法原序译法、换序译法和和拆分译法拆分译法。但在翻译实践中，不只是单纯地使用一
2、种翻译方法。但在翻译实践中，不只是单纯地使用一种翻译方法。在句子结构较为复杂、两种语言的逻辑关系和思维顺序差异较在句子结构较为复杂、两种语言的逻辑关系和思维顺序差异较大时，我们还可以采用大时，我们还可以采用重组法重组法，即理清长句的复杂结构，即理清长句的复杂结构，Part Four:Writing and Translation Translation重 组 法摆脱原文语序和句子形式的约束，综摆脱原文语序和句子形式的约束，综合使用几种长句翻译方法和其他技巧，合使用几种长句翻译方法和其他技巧，按照汉语的逻辑和叙述习惯重新组合按照汉语的逻辑和叙述习惯重新组合句子，使译文流畅、自然。句子，使译文流畅
3、、自然。1、按照原文顺序进行翻译，但进行适当拆分，并适当增加、按照原文顺序进行翻译，但进行适当拆分，并适当增加词语。词语。It is a strategy that more and more companies are employing and one that experts around the country say we ought to be following with our children,both at home and at school.译：现在这种策略已被越来越多的公司所采用。译：现在这种策略已被越来越多的公司所采用。而且，全国各地的专家认为，对待孩子也而且，全国
4、各地的专家认为，对待孩子也应仿效这种做法，无论是在家里还是在学应仿效这种做法，无论是在家里还是在学校。校。Part Four:Writing and Translation Translation2、对句子进行适当拆分对句子进行适当拆分，并调整语序并调整语序。1)The construction of such a satellite is now believed to be quite reliable(1),its realization being supported with all the contemporary science(2),which have brought int
5、o being not only materials capable of withstanding severe stresses involved and high temperatures developed,but new technological processes as well(3).析：英语原句中，析：英语原句中，(1)是主句，是主句，(2)是独立主格结构，是独立主格结构，(3)是非限制性是非限制性 定语从句，补充说明（定语从句，补充说明（2）中的）中的“contemporary science”，在翻，在翻 译时拆开了定语从句，并将此从句提到句首，使行文较为自然。译时拆开了
6、定语从句，并将此从句提到句首，使行文较为自然。译：现代科学的一切成就不仅提供了能够承受高温、高压的材料，译：现代科学的一切成就不仅提供了能够承受高温、高压的材料，而且也提供了新的工艺流程。依靠现代科学的这些成就，相信而且也提供了新的工艺流程。依靠现代科学的这些成就，相信完全可以制造出这样的人造卫星。完全可以制造出这样的人造卫星。Part Four:Writing and Translation TranslationTo be continued译：在成长的过程中，每个孩子学会了数以百计细致具体的行为译：在成长的过程中，每个孩子学会了数以百计细致具体的行为举止。这些行为举止都带有文化的烙印，成
7、为他们性别特征举止。这些行为举止都带有文化的烙印，成为他们性别特征的一部分。的一部分。2)In the process of growing up,each child learns hundreds of culturally patterned details of behavior that become incorporated into its gender identity.Part Four:Writing and Translation Translation3、对句子的某些短语进行结构转换，某些语法结构进行拆分，、对句子的某些短语进行结构转换，某些语法结构进行拆分，适当增添词
8、，并调整语序。适当增添词，并调整语序。析：句子主干是析：句子主干是“The big problem of and the big problem of have to be solved in the course of translation”，翻译中被拆分，翻译中被拆分为两个汉语句子，短语为两个汉语句子，短语“The big problem of”进行了结构转换，进行了结构转换，使之成为汉语的句子；定语从句使之成为汉语的句子；定语从句“which ranges from”修饰修饰 Chinese，在译文中采用了换序方法，将它提前；在此句翻译，在译文中采用了换序方法，将它提前；在此句翻译中进
9、行了重新组合，还采用了增词技巧。中进行了重新组合，还采用了增词技巧。1)The big problem of comprehension of the English text and the big problem of how to express it in rich,present-day Chinese which ranges from the classical to the colloquial,have to be solved in the course of translation.Part Four:Writing and Translation Translation
10、译：了解英语原义是一个大问题，现代汉语文言口语兼收并蓄，译：了解英语原义是一个大问题，现代汉语文言口语兼收并蓄，怎么用这样丰富多彩的文字来表达英语原义也是一个大问怎么用这样丰富多彩的文字来表达英语原义也是一个大问 题。这两个问题都要在翻译中得到解决。题。这两个问题都要在翻译中得到解决。Part Four:Writing and Translation Translation译：必须把大量时间花在确保关键人物均根据同一情报和目的译：必须把大量时间花在确保关键人物均根据同一情报和目的行事，而这一切对人的体力和洞察力都是一大考验。因此，行事，而这一切对人的体力和洞察力都是一大考验。因此，一旦考虑成熟
11、，就应迅速做出决策。一旦考虑成熟，就应迅速做出决策。2)Decisions must be made very rapidly;physical endurance is tested as much as perception,because an enormous amount of time must be spent making certain that the key figures act on the basis of the same information and purpose.Part Four:Writing and Translation Translation4、
12、对长句中的某些从句进行结构转换，并按照汉语的叙事顺、对长句中的某些从句进行结构转换，并按照汉语的叙事顺序调整语序。序调整语序。Dr.Smith resumed the activities of the anti-cancer experiment begun in 1945 and financed by the Federal government(1)as soon as he recovered from his original disappointment at repeated failures,which had resulted in its forced suspensio
13、n(2).析：句中析：句中(1)是主句，其中过去分词短语是主句，其中过去分词短语“begun in 1945 and financed by the Federal government”作为定语修饰作为定语修饰 experiment，(2)是是“as soon as”引导的时间状语从句，包引导的时间状语从句，包含着含着which引导的非限制性定语从句。翻译时，按汉语叙事习引导的非限制性定语从句。翻译时，按汉语叙事习惯，以惯，以时间顺序重新安排语序时间顺序重新安排语序，把，把“his original disappointment at repeated failures”转换成因果关系转换成
14、因果关系，并在，并在翻译时把名词翻译时把名词转译转译成了动词。成了动词。Part Four:Writing and Translation TranslationTo be continued译：史密斯医生于译：史密斯医生于1945年开始着手由联邦政年开始着手由联邦政府资助的抗癌实验。他由于屡遭失败而府资助的抗癌实验。他由于屡遭失败而感到沮丧，被迫终止了实验工作。现在感到沮丧，被迫终止了实验工作。现在他又重新振作起来，恢复了抗癌实验活他又重新振作起来，恢复了抗癌实验活动。动。Dr.Smith resumed the activities of the anti-cancer experimen
15、t begun in 1945 and financed by the Federal government(1)as soon as he recovered from his original disappointment at repeated failures,which had resulted in its forced suspension(2).Part Four:Writing and Translation TranslationPart Four:Writing and Translation Translation 英语的长句的语法结构、逻辑关系与语义往往比较复英语的长
16、句的语法结构、逻辑关系与语义往往比较复杂，且各种词类、非谓语动词以及充当形式主语和宾语杂，且各种词类、非谓语动词以及充当形式主语和宾语的的it等交错运用，要把长句翻译得准确、流畅、实质上需等交错运用，要把长句翻译得准确、流畅、实质上需要充分运用各种翻译技巧，并结合上下文语境，或顺译，要充分运用各种翻译技巧，并结合上下文语境，或顺译，或倒译，或拆分，或结构转换，或增减词汇，对全句进或倒译，或拆分，或结构转换，或增减词汇，对全句进行综合处理，以便通顺、忠实地传递原文意思。行综合处理，以便通顺、忠实地传递原文意思。总结总结Translation PracticePart Four:Writing a
17、nd Translation TranslationTranslate the following sentences into Chinese.1.When I can wake up and watch the sun-rise over the ocean,as I do most days,and know that I have an entire day ahead,uninterrupted,in which to write a few pages,take a walk with my dog,read and listen to music,I am flooded wit
18、h happiness.大部分日子我都能自己醒来，然后去观赏海洋上空的日出大部分日子我都能自己醒来，然后去观赏海洋上空的日出美景，心里知道我有整整一天属于我自己，不受任何干扰，美景，心里知道我有整整一天属于我自己，不受任何干扰，可以写几页稿子，牵狗散散步，读读书，听听音乐。每每这可以写几页稿子，牵狗散散步，读读书，听听音乐。每每这样做这样想的时候，喜悦就如同潮水般向我涌来。样做这样想的时候，喜悦就如同潮水般向我涌来。To be continuedPart Four:Writing and Translation Translation2.Children need the family,but
19、 the family seems also to need children,as the social institution uniquely available,at least in principle,for security,comfort,assurance,and direction in a changing,often hostile,world.孩子需要家庭，家庭也似乎需要孩子。孩子需要家庭，家庭也似乎需要孩子。家庭作为独特的社会家庭作为独特的社会单位（细胞）似乎需要孩子，以便在一个不断变化、经常充满敌单位（细胞）似乎需要孩子，以便在一个不断变化、经常充满敌意的世界里获
20、得安全、舒适、保险，并有所依靠。意的世界里获得安全、舒适、保险，并有所依靠。3.There are times when the outside world intrudes brutally into the rural life,as the cost of gasoline goes up or developers cast their eyes on untouched farmland.有时外面的世界残酷的闯入乡村生活，例如汽油价格上涨啦，有时外面的世界残酷的闯入乡村生活，例如汽油价格上涨啦，开发商将目光投向未开垦的土地啦等等。开发商将目光投向未开垦的土地啦等等。To be con
21、tinuedPart Four:Writing and Translation Translation4.But this explanation may appear too simple to satisfy the skeptics,who have recently discovered that Jordan does not lead an untroubled private life.但是，这种解释也许显得过于简单，不能给那些持怀疑态但是，这种解释也许显得过于简单，不能给那些持怀疑态度的人们一个满意的答复。那些怀疑论者最近发现，乔丹的个度的人们一个满意的答复。那些怀疑论者最近发
22、现，乔丹的个人生活并非无忧无虑。人生活并非无忧无虑。5.Today the ancient,ancestral wisdom of the hand has been largely replaced by the simple,movements of the machine operator;our glass and china,furniture,books,and textiles are almost entirely products of the machine.手工的智慧古已有之，代代相传，如今大部分已为机器操作手工的智慧古已有之，代代相传，如今大部分已为机器操作员的简易动作
23、所取而代之了。我们用的玻璃、瓷器、家具、书员的简易动作所取而代之了。我们用的玻璃、瓷器、家具、书籍和织品等几乎统统是机器制成品。籍和织品等几乎统统是机器制成品。Writing PracticeWrite a composition entitled“How to Encourage Creativity in Students?”Part Four:Writing and Translation WritingPart Four:Writing and Translation Writing Success has often been linked to creativity.However
24、,more and more evidence proves that school education seems to discourage creativity in students.First,students should be allowed to free their imagination.Students also have rights to produce strange drawings and ask foolish questions,for they can sometimes lead to creativity.Dont look down on child
25、rens tricks and games.Play is an important step on the road to the success of the greatest scientists and artists.According to research on the human brain,the two halves of the human brain do different kinds of work in everyday life.The left half manages tasks related to logical reasoning and langua
26、ge skills.The right half controls things like drawing,music,imagination,and even dreams.Sample 1To be continuedPart Four:Writing and Translation Writing Of course,praising good ideas and encouraging unusual points of view are important ways to encourage creative thinking.However,the real answer lies
27、 in encouraging students to think in pictures and to express themselves in simple drawings.It might be a good way to let the right half of their brains do exercise.Besides,letting students do imaginative assignments like making up stories and encouraging them to daydream when they are free are also
28、effective ways to wake up their creativity.Part Four:Writing and Translation Writing First of all,students should be encouraged to have hands-on experience as much as possible.If a student is interested in machines,let him/her make car models,for example.If a student likes clothes,he/she should have
29、 the opportunity to sew a garment for himself/herself.Students can also be encouraged to design something they have never seen before.In brief,they can use their imagination and knowledge to do whatever they can and whatever they like.Of course,when they encounter difficulties,as their teacher,Ill b
30、e ready to help them if they need my help.But it doesnt mean I will do everything for them.Sample 2To be continuedPart Four:Writing and Translation Writing PracticeInstead of telling them the answer right away,I will engage them to solve the problem themselves.When the student manages to solve the p
31、roblem,he will gain more confidence and will be more willing to reply on himself/herself for solutions in the future.Thus the student will become more and more creative.At the same time,students should read,think and discuss with others.This process will enable them to gain inspiration from other people.For example they can read about famous inventors and examples of creativity.In addition,students should be allowed to have foolish ideas and make mistakes.This will help create a good atmosphere for creative thought.End of Part 4End of Part 4Go to Part 5
