1、2020 - 2021学年人教新目标八年级英语下册Unit 2 单元语法【语法聚焦】一、动词短语动词短语可以分为6种:（1） 动词+副词 （cheer up ; give out ; put off; get up; start off; turn off ） 可以拆分，宾语为名词，名词可以在中间，也可以在后面；宾语为代词，代词只能放在中间； 例如：政府设立了一个机构来帮助无家可归的人。 _ 我给我的母亲打电话。_ 我给她打电话。_（2） 动词+介词 (look after ;belong to; pay for;take after;hear of ; send for )不可拆分；宾语放在
2、后面；例如：李老师叫学生们仔细听他说的话。_（3） 动词+副词+介词(come up with ; catch up with ; look forward to ) 不可拆分；宾语放在后面； 例如：他家揭不开锅了，孩子们都等着吃饭。 _（4） 动词+名词(have/take a rest ;have a try ;take place ; take a walk ) 后面的名词一般是由动词转化而来的名词 例如：让我们休息一下吧！_（5） 动词+名词+介词（pay attention to;have a drink of ;have a look at ;make fun of） 宾语位于介词
3、之后；名词前可加形容词说明程度Eg: 在课堂上你应该注意听老师讲课。_（6） be+形容词（包括过去分词作形容词）+介词（be late for; be angry with ; be fond of; be good for ; be similar to ） 宾语位于介词之后；形容词是短语动词真正的词义Eg: 多吃蔬菜和水果对你的健康有好处。_考点二：动词不定式：形式 “ to + 动词原形 ”1. 动词不定式做宾语。 (1) 能直接跟带to 的不定式结构，其否定形式：not to do sth. Eg: want to do sth. _ decide to do sth. _ exce
4、pt to do sth. _ Lily wants to find a job as an English teacher in Beijing. 莉莉想在北京找一份英语老师的工作。He decided to help the homeless. 他决心帮助那些无家可归的人。2. 动词不定式做宾语补足语。常接宾补的词语：ask, tell, teach, wish, invite, encourage等。例：Sam asked me to help him. The teacher always tells us not to swim in the river. 3. 动词不定式做目的状语
5、。可以放在句首，也可以放句末。例：To get there on time, they started early. 为了准时到达那儿，他们很早就出发了。【即学即用】1. Please stay with me this weekend. (2019 苏州中考) Im sorry, but my father and I planed _ Beijing a long time ago.A. visit B. visitingC. to visitD. visited2. Michael visits many websites _ about Chinese culture. (2019 苏
6、州中考)A. learn B. learnedC. to learn考点三：不定式（短语）作主语时，常由it代替它作形式主语，而将不定式放到谓语的后面。1. 主要有以下三种情况：（1） It is + 名词 + to do sth.例：Its our duty to take good care of the old. 悉心照顾老人是我们的义务。（2） It takes sb. + some time + to do sth.例：It takes us two hours to finish the work. 我们花了两个小时才完成这项工作。（3） It is +形容词（easy, impo
7、rtant, difficult, foolish, right, wrong.) (for / of sb. ) + to do sth. 例：Its not easy to clean fish with your hands only. 徒手捉鱼是不容易的。Its very important for young people to master two foreign languages. 对年轻人来说，掌握两门外语非常重要。2.feel, find, make, think等动词后如果是不定式作宾语，宾语补足语是形容词或名词，常用it 作形式宾语，把不定式放到宾语补足语之后。例：I
8、find it necessary to have breakfast.3. 有一些动词后用宾语补足语的不定式通常不带to，这样的动词主要有三看（see, watch, notice）、三让（let, make, have）、二听（hear, listen）、一感觉（feel）【语法精练】1. We must_a plan to improve your math.A. pick up B. catch up with C. come up with D. make up2. We also learn how to _well with others at school. A. get to
9、 B. get on C. get down D. get up3. There is something on the floor. Please _. A. pick it up B. pick up it C. pick them up D. pick up them4. Its time for CCTV news. Lets _ the TV and watch it. A. turn onB. get onC. try onD. put on5. Would you mind _ the music a little? Dont you think its too loud? So
10、rry! Ill do it in a minute. A. turning on B. turning offC. turning upD. turning down6. How do you like Li Yundi? A cool guy! His music _ really beautiful. A. tastesB. soundsC. smellsD. looks7. Can you help me to _ my dog when I leave for Hong Kong?A. look after B. look for C. look at D. look through
11、8. Cindy, look at your new shoes. Arent they beautiful? Yes, they are really nice, Mum. I cant wait to .A. put them on B. put it on C. put on them 9. It _ me about 10 days _ painting the walls.A.took; to finish B. cost; finishing C. took; finishingD. spent; to finish10. Tom, its cold outside. _ your coat when you go out.A. Take off B. Put on C. Put away D. Take away
