1、Unit 2Section A1.You could help clean up the city parks.(1)Could:情态动词，语气比can委婉can的过去式(2)help v./n. helpful adj. be helpful to sb. These books are helpful to us. help sb. to do sth =help sb. do sth help oneself help out with ones help=with the help of sb. 拓展：cant help doing (3)clean up(动副短语) 把打扫干净 cl
2、ean-up 名词，“清扫，清除”You must clean up you classroom.=You must give your classroom a good clean-up.2.The girl could visit the sick kids in the hospital to cheer them up. 1）cheer up 动副短语 使振奋，使高兴的 cheer sb. up =make sb. happy 使某人高兴 2）cheer on 为加油 cheer for(v. +prep) 为鼓劲加油 cheer him on=cheer for him3.The b
3、oy could give out food at the food bank. give out =hand out分发(v. +adv) give out sth to sb. 分.给某人give out 发出（光，热，声音等）/用完，耗尽The sun gives out light and heat.Our supplies are giving out.give in 屈服 give back=return 归还 give a speech 发表讲话 give a report作报告give sb. a call 给打电话 give away to赠送给 give off发出（气体、
4、热量、气味等）give sb. a hand =help sb. 帮助某人 give up放弃 give sb. sth = give sth to sb. 给某人某物4.The girl could volunteer in an after-school study program to teach kids.volunteer in/for sth. 自愿做，义务做volunteer v. 自愿做 volunteer to do sth 志愿做某事 n. 志愿者 5.We need to come up with a plan for the City Park Clean -up Da
5、y. come up with =think up 想出 catch up with 赶上 追上 keep up with 跟上；跟保持联系put up with 容忍； 忍得住 end up with 结束；以而结束 It is too noisy here. I cant stand it. Me, too. We have to_ new ways to solve the problem.A. catch up with B. keep up with C. come up with D. end up withcome短语come over过来，顺便拜访 come up 走近，走上前
6、来come down 下来come out come in come on come from come true6.We cant put off making a plan. 我们不能推迟制定计划。put off doing sth. 推迟做某事Dont put off till tomorrow what should be done today. put out 熄灭，扑灭 put down 放下 put away 收好 put back 放回原处put ones heart into 全神贯注于put upput on7.Lets make some notices, too. 1）
7、notice cn. 通知通告 un. 注意 There is a notice on the wall,saying No parking.Ill put up a notice about the meeting.The notice came to her notice.2）v. 注意、留意 notice sb. do sth. notice sb. doing sth. notice that+从句I noticed Jim get into the teachers office.She noticed that the old man had trouble breathing.8
8、.We could each call up 10 students. 我们各自能够召集十名同学。call up打电话；使想起；征召 call on sb. 拜访某人 call at sp. 参观某地 call back 回电话9. They told me stories about the past and how things used to be. used to在此表示过去一度存在但现在已经消失的某一特定的情形。作这一用法讲时， used to常与be，have，live，stay，like，love等词连用，表示“曾.;曾经.” He used to be a climber. I
9、 used to live in Hangzhou.拓展 used to do sth.还可用来表示“过去常常做某事”，但现在不那样做了。 We used to take risks when we were children.used to的否定结构通常是didnt use toYou didnt use to eat chips when you were young.He used not to smoke.be/get used to( doing)sth. My parents are used to living in the citybe used to do sth. (be
10、used for doing sth,) Knives are used to cut things.10.lonely用作形容词，意为“孤独的;寂寞的”，指心灵上的孤独，具有伤感色彩。 He felt very lonely without his friends.拓展 lonely作形容词，还可表示“偏僻的;人迹罕至的”，仅在名词前作定语。 The cabin was built in a lonely spot 11. We should listen to them and care for them. 我们应该倾听他们，照顾他们。 care for此处意为“照顾;照料”，其同义短语为
11、look after 或 take care of, Thanks a lot for caring for me when I was sick last week.拓展 care for还可表示“非常喜欢”，通常用于否定句或疑问句中。I don t care for basketball. care about意为“关心;在意”。 We should care about the lonely old people 12.give up several hours each week to help others.(1)several此处用作形容词，意为“几个;数个;一些”，修饰可数名词复
12、数形式。 Several years later, the dancing group came to her town again.拓展 several用作代词，意为“几个;数个”。 Several of us went there.(2)辨析:each与 every两者均可表示“每一，每个”，但用法不同。each 形容词，强调个性，着眼于整体中的个体 Each school has its own library代词可与of连用 He gave two to each.every形容词，强调共性，着眼于整体 ，不能与of连用Every child was dressed in a cost
13、ume.each不能与 almost,nearly,not搭配使用而every可以 Almost every window was broken Not every student went on holiday.each不能用于否定向，在否定中用none None of the books are mine.13. But I want to learn more about how to care for animals. “疑问词+不定式”作及物动词的宾语，疑问代词who,what,which，疑问副词where,when,why,how后接动词不定式构成动词不定式短语，在句中作主语，宾
14、语，表语等成分。When to start is a problem.I didnt decide where to go.The difficulty is how to do more work with less money.“疑问词+不定式”常用于tell,know,show,learn,teach,explain等后作宾语He didnt know what to say.He didnt know what he should say.14. I get such a strong feeling of satisfaction when I see the animals get
15、 better and the look of joy on their owners faces.(1)get“产生;形成”，常与 feeling(感觉;情感)，idea(想法;主意)等词搭配使用get用作连系动词，意为“变得;变为”，后接形容词，表示体质、情绪、天气等方面的改变。 She began to get an uncomfortable feeling that she was being watched. Think hard, and youll get a good idea. Its getting hotter and hotter now.(2)辨析:such与so二
16、者都表示程度，意为“如此;这样”，其区别为词条词性用法常用结构such形容词修饰名词such a/an +形容词+可数名词单数no/any/ some/ all/ many 等+such+名词such+形容词+可数名词复数such +形容词+ 不可数名词so程度副词修饰形容词或副词so+ 形容词+a/an + 可数名词复数so+ many/few +可数名词复数so+ much/little+不可数名词Jim made such an important decision. I have such good books to read. Im so glad to hear from you.
17、 Its so nice a day! There are so many visitors in the park today“such+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数”可与“so+形容词+a/an+可数名词单数”进行转换。 She is such a kind girl. =She is so kind a girl.她是如此友好的一个女孩。so many people so much money(3) feeling此处用作可数名词，意为“感觉;感触,情感”，由“feel(感受，觉得)+ing”构成，表示人的喜、怒、哀、乐或冷、热、累、痛等感受或感觉。 I have a bad feel
18、ing. It was a great feeling when I won first prize.(4) satisfaction用作不可数名词，意为“满意;满足”。 She smiled in satisfaction.satisfy使满意satisfaction n.满意(5)joy此处用作不可数名词，意为高兴;快”，其近义词为 happiness. to ones joy/ happiness意为“令某人高兴的是” He jumped up with joy.(6) owner用作可数名词，意为“物主;主人”，由“动词own(拥有)+-er”构成。 the owner of意为“的主
19、人”。 He is the owner of the car.15. She could read by herself at the age of four. at the age of意为“在岁时”，后接表示年龄的基数词，相当于when引导的时间状语从句，该从句多用过去时。我在5岁时就能帮着打扫街道了。16.Last year, she decided to try out for a volunteer after- school reading program. try out for意为“参加选拔;试用”，当意为“参加选拔”时常与介词for连用。 We could try out f
20、or the basketball team17.The kids are sitting in the library, but you can see in their eyes that they re going on a different journey with each new book.(1) go on a+名词 意为“进行举行”。go on a trip去旅行 go on a ride去兜风 go on a vacation去度假 go on a picnic去野餐(2) journey可数名词，意为“旅行;行程”，一般指长途旅行。也可指抽象意义的“历程、过程”。 In
21、the journey, she faced heavy fog, heavy rain and heavy waves. Life is a long journey from birth to death.journey名词陆上长途旅行Ill make a long journey this vacation.trip名词陆上短途旅行，郊游Lets go on a school trip on the weekend.travel名词、动词旅行，游历He is travelling in Hainan. 18.Volunteering here is a dream come true f
22、or me.(1)动名词作主语本句是一个动名词作主语的句子。单个的动名词(短语)作主语时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。 Eating too much isnt good for you(2) a dream come true意为“梦想成为现实;梦想成真”，是一种常见的表达方式。 come true意为“实现;成为现实”，其主语常为梦想、愿望或目标等。 Ive always wanted to visit Beijing, so going there on vacation next week will be a dream come true for me. His dream of b
23、ecoming a teacher came true.是否接宾语用法achieve是主语一般为“人”come true否主语一般是“梦想；理想” 19. I can do what I love to do and help others at the same time.(1)宾语从句句中 what I love to do作第一个do的宾语，为宾语从句。宾语从句要用陈述语序。 Could you please tell me where we will have a meeting?(2) at the same time意为“同时”。same前面一般要加定冠词the。 They bot
24、h got to school at the same time this morning. 20. Im making some signs to put up around the school. put up此处意为“张贴”，还可表示“搭建，举起，盘起”，是“动词+副词”结构的短语。 Look! There is a man putting up the notice. Put up your hands， please.拓展up的常用短语还有:get up起床 cut up切碎 dress up装扮 grow up长大 give up放弃 clean up打扫干净 cheer up振奋
25、起来 pick up捡起;拾起 set up建起;设立call up打电话fix up修理;装饰21. Im too busy with my studies this year. be busy with sth.意为“忙于某事”，with后通常接名词或代词; be busy doing sth.意为“忙于做某事”，有时两者可进行同义句转换。 My mother is busy with housework all day My mother is busy doing housework all day22.Our class is trying to come up with some
26、ideas to cheer up sick children because they are often sad.辨析: try to do sth.与 try doing sth.try to do sth.努力做某事；尽力做某事，但不一定能成功She tried to carry the basket.try doing sth.试着（用某种方法或手段）做某事The boy tried making a model plane.23.Most people today are only worried about getting good jobs to make lots of mo
27、ney. be worried about=worry about“担心,为而担心” about都为介词，后接名词、代词或动词ing形式作宾语。在 be worried about 中worried为形容词，在 worry about中worry为动词。 Im not worried about my future. =I dont worry about my future. 24. However, few people think about what they can do to help others. 词条含义修饰的名词的数例句few几乎没有（表否定含义）可数名词复数They kn
28、ow few of usa few 一些（表肯定含义）He made a few mistakeslittle几乎没有（表否定含义）不可数名词I spend very little on fooda little 一些（表肯定含义）I know a little about the storyThere are few passengers on the bus, so its uncrowded. Few of the students are at school. There are few eggs on the plate, so I must buy some. There are
29、a few eggs on the plate, so I neednt buy any at once. Theres little milk in the glass Theres a little milk in the glass.25.For example, we can make plans to visit sick children in the hospital or raise money for homeless people.(1) raise用作及物动词，此处意为“募集;征集”，常用于短语 raise money for，意为“为等钱”。 Each group ha
30、d a task to raise money for the disabled.拓展 raise用作及物动词，还可表示“举起;抬起;提高;养育”。 Please raise your right hand. Dont raise your voice at me. I was born and raised a city boy.我是一个在城市里出生、长大的男孩。(2) homeless用作形容词，意为“无家可归的”，是由“名词 home+-less构成的。英语中，后缀-less表示否定意义，意为“没有;无”，“某些名词+less构成形容词，是英语中的一种构词法。hope希望 hopeles
31、s无望的use用处 useless无用的meaning意义 meaningless毫无意义的care谨慎 careless粗心的26.Some people even stop doing their jobs for a few months to a year to move to another place, like one of the countries in Africa, and help people there.(1)辨析: stop doing sth.与 stop to do sthstop doing sth.停止做某事指停止正在做的事情stop to do sth停
32、下来去做某事指停止原来做的事情去做另外一件事 They were very tired, but they didnt stop working. We are tired. Lets stop to have a rest.(2) one of+可数名词复数意为“之一”。 English is one of my favorite subjects.注意:one of短语作主语时，谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。One of my friends knows you.27 .I want to travel alone.alone此处用作副词，意为“单独;独自”，在句中作状语。He likes
33、 living alone.拓展alone 用作副词，放在名词、代词之后，意为“只有，仅仅”He alone understands me.唯有他理解我。辨析：alone与lonelyAlone形容词单独的；独自的作表语强调客观情况，数量上只有一个副词单独；独自作状语Lonely形容词孤独的；寂寞的作表语强调主观感情，指心灵上的孤独，具有伤感色彩偏僻的；人迹罕至的在名词前作定语用来说明地方荒凉She was alone in the dark room.He lives alone but he doesnt feel lonely.Its a lonely beach.Section B1.
34、I take after my mother.take after:外貌或行为像，表示与家中的长辈相像，尤其是指与父母相像，不用进行时。 Your daughter doesnt take after you at all拓展 look like意为“看上去像，多指外貌 You look like my brother. be like意为“像”，可指外貌，也可指性格。 What is your sister like?2.I fixed it up.我把它修理好了。 fix up意为“修理;装饰”，动副短语fix用作及物动词，意为“安装;修理”，其第三人称单数形式为fixes My radi
35、o doesnt work. Could you fix it up for me? They fixed a microphone in the hall他们在大里安装了麦克风。 Can you fix the car?辨析:fix up与 repairfix up侧重于修理、安装机器、部件等My bike is broken. Can you help me fix it up?repair侧重于修补破损严重、构造复杂的事物，如房屋、汽车、桥梁等I have to repair my house this weekend.3.I gave it away我把它捐赠出去了。give away
36、意为“赠送;捐赠”，动副短语The old man gives away some books to the poor children every year.4. Im similar to her. be similar to意为“与相像、类似”。 My new dress is similar to yours拓展 be similar in sth.意为“在某方面相似”。 The two buildings are similar in style 5.Jimmy fixes up broken bicycle parts, like wheels. broken此处用作形容词，意为“
37、破损的;残缺的”，可作表语或定语。 My bike is broken.我的自行车坏了。 Mind the broken glass.当心碎玻璃。 break v打破;损坏 broken a.破损的;残缺的拓展 break是 broken的动词形式，意为“打破;使折断”， break的过去式和过去分词分别是 broke和 broken We should protect the young trees instead of breaking them. break还可用作名词，意为“间歇;休息时间”。 Shes worked for 27 hours without a break6. Who
38、 wrote the letter to Miss Lin.(1)letter用作可数名词，意为“信;函”。其常用短语为 write a letter to sb.或 write sb. a letter，相当于 write to sb.，意表示“收到某人的来信”用 get/receive a letter from sb.或 hear from sb.。 I hope to get/receive a letter from you soon. -I hope to hear from you soon拓展 letter作可数名词时，还可表示“字母”。 Write down these le
39、tters, please(2)Miss名词，意为“女土，小姐”，一般用于未婚女子的姓氏或姓名前，以示礼貌。 Miss Gao高女士 Miss Li Nan李楠女士拓展 Miss也可用于称呼不知姓名的年轻女子或学生称呼女老师。 Will that be all Miss?就这些吗，小姐?一 Time for class!上课! Good morning，Miss!老师早!Mrs. Mr. Miss. Ms.7.Id like to thank you for giving money to Animal Helpers.(1) thank you for( doing sth.意为“因(做)某
40、事而感谢你”，相当于 thanks for( doing)sth.。 Thank you for raising money for the food bank(2) give sth.to sb.相当于 give sb.sth.，意为“把某物给某人;给某人某物”，give后跟双宾语。表示物的名词或代词叫作直接宾语，表示人的名词或代词叫作间接宾语。 We gave some flowers to her for her birthday -We gave her some flowers for her birthday当直接宾语和间接宾语都是代词时，用 give sth.to sb.结构。试
41、译:请把它给我。 Please give it to me. (V) Please give me it.()拓展用法类似的动词还有:show(给看)，pass(递)，tell告诉)，lend(借出)，send(邮寄)等 8.Im sure you know that this group was set up to help disabled people like me.(1) set up意为“建起;设立”，其后常接表示组织机构、团体等意义的名词，如 school，hospital,government，company。 We set up a company.(2) disabled形
42、容词，意为“失能力的有残的”。 the disabled意为残人”，表示一类人，为复数概念 We should help disabled people The disabled need looking after.able有能力的 disable使去能力;使残疾 disabled adj丧失能力的;有残疾的拓展有些词加前级dis-可变为相应的反义词。like喜欢 dislike 不喜欢appear出现 disappear v消失9.You helped to make it possible for me to have Lucky. make it+形容词+( for sh.) to d
43、o sth.意为“使(某人)做某事是的”，其中it为形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式(短语) The spaceship makes it possible to travel to the moon.拓展it作形式宾语的其他常见句型还有 think/find it+形容词+ to do sth.，意为“认为/发现做某事是的 I find it difficult to talk to you10.Lucky makes a big difference to my life. make a difference(to.)意为(对)产生影响”。 difference前面可加修饰词，如bi
44、g great等;to是介词，其后可接名词、代词或动词ing形式 The accident made a great difference to his life拓展 make no difference to意为“对没有响”。 It makes no difference to me.11. What would it be like to be blind or deaf?(1) blind用作形容词，意为“瞎的;失明的”，其主语是人而非眼睛。 the blind意为“盲人”，指一类人，表示复数概念。 There is a school for blind children next to
45、 the library. I was sure she was blind.(2)deaf用作形容词，意为“聋的”。表示哪只耳朵失聪要用介词in。 The man was deaf at the age of four He is deaf in one ear.拓展deaf前加the，指“耳聋的一类人”，表示复数概念。 You shouldn t laugh at the deal. 12 .Or imagine you cant walk or use your hands easily. imagine用作及物动词，意为“想象;设想”，其后可接名词、代词、动词-ing形式或从句作宾语。 Imagine(sb.) doing sth.意为“想象(某人)做某事”。 Imagine life without hot water Can you imagine (Mr. Smith)living alone on a lonely island? I cant imagine how he is used to such a bad situation. 13. Most people would never think about this but m
