1、Unit 3 ride a bike turn offa plastic bagdo with divide into throw awayproduce waste cause pollution骑自行车骑自行车关掉关掉一个塑料袋一个塑料袋处理处理把把.分成分成.扔掉;丢弃扔掉;丢弃产生废物产生废物造成污染;导致污造成污染;导致污染染Translate the phrases into English.order food china cups cloth bagstons ofhope fortake steps点菜点菜瓷杯瓷杯布袋子布袋子许多;很多许多;很多希望希望/期待期待采取步骤;采
2、取步骤;采取采取措施措施We can recycleWe can reduceWe can reuse123456Choose the number and do exercises using-able,-ful,-less,im-,re-,un-.If a chair makes you feel physically relaxed when you sit on it,you can say the chair is _.comfortable comfort+able=comfortableIf you are always ready to help people,you are
3、_.helpful help+ful=helpfulIf you write something and it isnt very good,you should _ it.rewrite re+write=rewriteIf you arent certain about something,you are _.uncertain un+certain=uncertainIf someone is rude and does not have good manners,we can say he/she is _.impolite im+polite=impoliteIf something
4、 is without any use,it is _.useless use+less=useless在一个单词的前面或后面加上一个词缀,在一个单词的前面或后面加上一个词缀,就可以构成一个新词。就可以构成一个新词。根据词缀的根据词缀的位置位置,分为分为前缀前缀和和后缀后缀两种。掌握一些常见的两种。掌握一些常见的词缀,对单词的记忆和理解有很大的帮词缀,对单词的记忆和理解有很大的帮助。比如助。比如care,可构成可构成careful,careless,carefully,carelessly。下面我们来学习几下面我们来学习几个常见的前、后缀:个常见的前、后缀:1.表示否定意义表示否定意义“无,不
5、无,不”的前缀的前缀impolite,impossibleun-in-dis-im-il-unfair,unhappyinactive,inhuman,indirectdisagree,disappear illegal前缀前缀2.表示程度、大小的前缀表示程度、大小的前缀super-over-mini-under-superstar,supermarket,superman,superpoweroverhead,overeat,overuseminibus,miniskirt,minicarunderground,underwater前缀前缀3.表示表示“再;重再;重”的前缀的前缀re-rew
6、rite,reuse,recycle前缀前缀4.表示表示“拥护拥护”、“反对反对”的前缀的前缀pro-anti-pro-Chinese,pro-Americananti-war,anti-pollution5.表示表示“整个、完全整个、完全”意思的前缀意思的前缀al-表示表示“完整,完全完整,完全”:alone,almostover-表示表示“完全,全完全,全”:overall,overflow前缀前缀1.able表示表示“可能,易于,适合于可能,易于,适合于”,构成形容词。构成形容词。如:如:renewable,eatable(可吃的可吃的),lovable,comfortable,mova
7、ble后缀后缀常见的后缀:常见的后缀:2.ful 表示表示“充满充满.的,具有的,具有.性质性质 的的”,构成形容词,构成形容词。如:。如:helpful,hopeful,powerful,useful,careful,beautiful后缀后缀3.less 与与-ful 相反,表示相反,表示“少的,不少的,不足的足的”,构成形容词,构成形容词。如:。如:helpless,hopeless,powerless,useless,1.动词变名词动词变名词-ation-ment-al-ee-er-orsatisfaction,education,realizationdevelopment,move
8、ment arrival,refusal trainee,employeeteacher,workervisitor,sailor改变词性的后缀改变词性的后缀2.形容词变名词形容词变名词-ness-ity-ismhappiness,meanness,carelessnessability,possibility Marxism,criticism3.名词、形容词变动词名词、形容词变动词-ify-ize-enbeautify,simplifyrealizequicken,widen,sharpen4.名词变形容词名词变形容词-y-ish-some-ous-fulwindy,rainy,sandy
9、foolish,feverishhandsome,troublesomedangerous,humoroushelpful,careful,peacefulPractice Practice 1.Now the climate gets warmer and warmer because the _(pollute)is getting more serious.2.Can you do your homework more _(careful)next time?You made many mistakes.3.It is _(hope),no matter what we do to ma
10、ke it better.pollutioncarefullyhopelessComplete the sentences.1.full of care _B care collect hope possible use usual wanted wasteA-able -ful im-less re-un-carefulMake new words.Join the parts of words in Box A with the words in Box B.2.can be collected _3.full of hope _4.without any hope _5.not poss
11、ible _6.not usual _7.without any use _8.use again _9.not wanted _10.making a lot of waste _collectablehopefulhopelessimpossibleunusualuselessreuseunwantedwasteful hopeful impossible reuse unhealthy wastefulComplete the sentences with the words in the box.1.Polluted waster is _.2.It is _ to throw so
12、much food away.3.If you look after things well,you may _ some of them later.4.It is _ to clean up the whole river in such a short time.5.If we pay attention to pollution now,the future will be _.unhealthywasteful reuseimpossiblehopeful 英语主要有三种构词法:英语主要有三种构词法:1)转化转化(Conversion):由一个词类转):由一个词类转化为另一词类:化为
13、另一词类:water(名)水(名)水-water(动)浇水(动)浇水 2)派生派生(Derivation):通过加前缀或):通过加前缀或后缀构成另一个词:后缀构成另一个词:happy-unhappy(加前缀)(加前缀)3)合成合成(Compounding):由两个或更):由两个或更多的词合成一个词:多的词合成一个词:wood(木)(木)+cut(刻)(刻)-woodcut(木刻)(木刻)有大量动词可以转化为名词,有时意思有大量动词可以转化为名词,有时意思没有太大变化:没有太大变化:Let me have a try.我来试一试。我来试一试。We stopped there for a swim
14、.我们在那儿停下来游了一会儿泳。我们在那儿停下来游了一会儿泳。I like a quiet read after supper.晚饭后我喜欢静静地看一会儿书。晚饭后我喜欢静静地看一会儿书。也有相当多名词可以用作动词。许多表也有相当多名词可以用作动词。许多表示物件的名词可以用作动词来表示动示物件的名词可以用作动词来表示动作:作:Have you booked your ticket?你的票订好了吗?你的票订好了吗?Who chaired the meeting?谁主持会议?谁主持会议?Hand in your exercise-books,please.请把练习本交上来。请把练习本交上来。有少部
15、分形容词也可用作动词或名词:有少部分形容词也可用作动词或名词:Please warm up the dish over the stove.请把菜放在炉子上加热一下。请把菜放在炉子上加热一下。Theyre running in the final.他们正在进行(赛跑的)决赛。他们正在进行(赛跑的)决赛。Noun Verb Adjective Adverb useful/uselesshopehopefully/hopelesslypollution-water-waste-useuseusefully/uselesslyhopehopeful/hopelesswastepolluted/unp
16、ollutedwaterwasted/wastefulwastefullypolluteComplete the table.usualusually/unusuallyComplete the sentences with the correct form of the words in Activity 3.1.The factory _ the river,and the fish died.2.We often walk in the countryside.It is a(n)_ activity for us.3.Do not use so much water.It is ver
17、y _.4.To keep the flowers growing,you need to _ them once a day.wastefulusualpollutedwater由两个或更多的词合成一个词的现象叫由两个或更多的词合成一个词的现象叫复合词复合词,又称合成词。词与词之间可以,又称合成词。词与词之间可以有连字符,其中以复合名词最多,其次有连字符,其中以复合名词最多,其次是复合形容词,复合动词、介词、副词、是复合形容词,复合动词、介词、副词、数词等也不少。数词等也不少。A“名词名词名词名词”。例如:。例如:football 足球足球 classroom教室教室 housework 家
18、务活家务活 doorbell 门铃门铃 pencil-box 铅笔盒铅笔盒复合名词复合名词B“名词动词名词动词-ing”。例如:。例如:handwriting 书法书法 sun-bathing 日光浴日光浴 bookkeeping 笔记笔记 letter-writing 书信书信 watchmaking 钟表制造业钟表制造业C“动词动词-ing名词名词”。例如:。例如:running water 流水流水 flying fish 飞鱼飞鱼 sitting-room 起居室起居室 reading-room 阅览室阅览室 dining car 餐车餐车D“动词名词动词名词”。例如:。例如:pick
19、pocket 扒手扒手 breakwater 防浪堤防浪堤 playground 操场操场E“形容词名词形容词名词”。例如:。例如:blackboard 黑板黑板F“动词副词动词副词”。例如:。例如:get-together 聚会聚会 break-through 突破突破A“形容词形容词形容词形容词”。例如:。例如:dark blue 深蓝色的深蓝色的复合形容词复合形容词B、“形容词名词形容词名词”。例如:例如:long-distance 长途的长途的 low-temperature 低温的低温的C、“形容词名词形容词名词-ed”。例如:。例如:kind-hearted 好心的好心的D、“形容
20、词现在分词形容词现在分词”。例如:例如:good-looking 好看的好看的 hard-working 努力工作的努力工作的A“名词动词名词动词”。例如:。例如:sleep-walk 梦游梦游复合动词复合动词B“副词动词副词动词”。例如:例如:overload 超载超载C“形容词动词形容词动词”。例如:例如:white-wash 粉刷粉刷D“副词名词副词名词”。例如:。例如:underline 在在下划线下划线 overwork 过度工作过度工作E“动词副词动词副词”。例如:例如:bring-up 教养教养复合代词复合代词主要有由主要有由some any no等等构成的不定代词或者由物主代词
21、(或构成的不定代词或者由物主代词(或人称代词宾语)加人称代词宾语)加-self-selves等构成等构成的反身代词。例如:的反身代词。例如:复合代词复合代词 something某物(某事)某物(某事)somebody someone 某人某人 nothing 没有东西没有东西 yourself 你自己你自己复合词的组成部分有时连在一起写,有复合词的组成部分有时连在一起写,有时用连字符号时用连字符号“-”-”连起来,有时则分开连起来,有时则分开写,其规律还很难概括。大多数复合词写,其规律还很难概括。大多数复合词的意思可以从其组成部分的词义及其相的意思可以从其组成部分的词义及其相互关系中推想出来。
22、互关系中推想出来。但有的语义就不是原来两个词的语义的但有的语义就不是原来两个词的语义的简单相加,而是从中引出新语义。例如:简单相加,而是从中引出新语义。例如:a greenhouse 温室;暖房温室;暖房 dog days 三伏天三伏天(大热天大热天)Complete the sentences.1.A _ is a card that you write on one side of and send to someone by post.2.A _ is a room where you have classes at school.3.A _ is a book that has one or more stories for children.4.A _ is a black board that is used at school for writing on with chalk.storybookclassroompostcardblackboard