1、暑期学习一：现在完成时讲解（2）用法：1）现在完成时通常表示在已经完成的动作或持续一段的时间状态状态。说话人强调的是该动作或状态对现在的结果或影响。（1）构成：现在完成时由助动词have + 过去分词构成。第三人称单数用has，其余用have.现在完成时的否定式直接在助动词后面加上not、疑问式是把助动词提到主语之前否定式疑问式I have not (havent) studied.Have I studied?You have not (havent) studied.Have you studied?He has not (hasnt) studied.Has he studied?否定疑
2、问式简单回答（肯定/否定）Have I not (Havent I) studied?Yes, you have. No, you havent.Have you not (Havent you) studied?Yes, I have. No, I havent.Has he not (Hasnt he) studied?Yes, he has. No, he hasnt. My daughter has just gone out. 我女儿刚出去。 Im sure weve met before. 我肯定我们以前见过面。 She has arrived. 她到了。2）表示持续到现在的动作或
3、状态，往往和包括现在在内的表示一段时间的状语连用，如 already, just, for, since,yet等。如： I havent heard from her these days. 这些日子我没有收到她的信。 We havent seen you recently. 最近我们没有见到你。 They have been away for two years. 他们离开已经两年了。She has been with us since Monday.注意：a) since和for的区别since后接时间点，如1993，last term, yesterday, the time I go
4、t therefor后接一段时间，表示“长达多久”，如ten years, a while, two days等。Exercise: 用since和for填空1. Jim has been in Ireland _ Monday.2. Jill has been in Ireland _ three days.3. His aunt has lived in Australia _15 days.4. Mary is in her office. She has been there _ 7 oclock.5. India has been an independent country _19
5、74.6. The bus is late. Theyve been waiting _ 20 minutes.7. Nobody lives in those houses. They have been empty _ many years.8. Mike has been ill _a long time. He has been in hospital _ October. （2）现在完成时可以和带有since或for等表示“一段时间”的状语连用,表示动作或状态从某一时刻开始，一直持续到现在。如：I havent seen him for two years. 但是，像come, ar
6、rive, buy等终止性动词不能与表示“一段时间”的状语连用。要用，必须改为“be（在）”等延续性动词来表述现归纳总结一下由非延续性动词到延续性动词的转换： arrivebe here begin(start)be ondie be dead come backbe backget upbe up open be openborrow keep buy have如：He has been a soldier for three years.他参军三年了。 His father has been dead for two years.他父亲去世二年了。 The film has been on
7、 for ten minutes.电影已开始十分钟了。 We have studied English for three years. 我们（开始）学英语已三年了。5.现在完成时和一般过去时的区别 现在完成时和一般过去时都表示在过去完成的动作。但现在完成时强调的是这一动作与现在的关系。如对现在产生的结果或影响等，而一般过去时只表示动作在过去某一时刻发生，不表示和现在的关系。试比较： I have lost my new book. 我把新书丢了。（现在还未找到） I lost my new book yesterday. 我昨天把新书丢了。（昨天丢的，现在找到与否没说明）6.几点注意事项 （
8、1）have been(to)与have gone( to)的区别：have been(to)表示“去过某地（现在已经回来了）”，have gone(to)表示“去某地了 He has gone to Beijing . 他去北京了。Exercise:I. Fill in the blanks with the proper form.1. I_ already _ (see) the film. I _ (see) it last week.2. _ he _ (finish) his work today? Not yet.3. My father _ just _ (come) back
9、 from work. He is tired now.4. Wheres Li Ming ? He _ (go) to the teachers office.5. I _ (work) here since I _ (move) here in 1999.6. So far I _(make) quite a few friends here.7. How long _ the Wangs _(stay) here ? For two weeks.8. I _ just _ (finish) my homework. 9. He _ (go) to school on foot every
10、 day. 10._ you _ (find) your science book yet? 11. If it _ (be) fine tomorrow, Ill go with you. 12. The students _ (read) English when the teacher came in. 13. Look! The monkey _ (climb) the tree. 14. My mother _ (come) to see me next Sunday. 15. Ive lost my pen. _ you _ (see) it anywhere? II. Choos
11、e the best answer. 1. How long have you _ here?A. come B. got C. arrived D been2. My grandpa died _.A. at the age of my 2 B. for 2 years C when I was 2. D. my age was 6.3. Jane has _ to BeiJing. She will come back tomorrow.A. been B . gone C. went D. never been4. It is ten years _ I last saw her.A.
12、after B since C. for D. that5.-Who will go to the station to meet Lorry? -I will. I _ her several times.A. met B have met C. had met D. will meet6. -What a nice dress! How long _ you _ it? -Just 2 weeks.A. will, buy B. did, buy C. are, having D have, had7.-Do you know Lydia very well? -Yes, She and
13、I _ friends since we were very young. A. have made B. have become C have been D. have turned8. The Smiths _ in China for 8 years.A. has lived B. lived C have been D. live9. -Hello, this is Mr. Green speaking. Can I speak to Mr. Black? - Sorry. He _ the Bainiao Park.A. has been to B has gone to C. we
14、nt to D. will go to10. -_ you ever _ to the US? - Yes, twice.A. Have, gone B Have, been C, Do, go D. were, going例题 （ ）1.When he arrived at the bus stop, the bus _ for 20 minutes.A. has left B. had left C. has been away D. had been away（ ）2. I _ the League for 5 years so far. A. joined B. have joined
15、 C. have been in（ ）3.The factory _ since the February of 1988. A . has been open B. has opened C. was open D. opened（ ）4.Mary and Rose _friends since they met in 2000. A. have made B. have been C. made D. have become（ ）5.You mustnt_ until he comes back. A. be away B. leave C. be left（ ）6.The meeting
16、 _ for a week now. A. has finished B. has ended C. has been over（ ）7.Miss Gao _ this school for nearly 5 years. A. has been in B. has come to C. has taught（ ）8.Ben _ a teacher for 4 years. A. has been B. has become C. was D. became（ ）9. I _ home for a week. A. have returned B. have been back C. retu
17、rned（ ）10. How long _ he _ ? A. died B. has, died C. has, been dead（ ）11. He _ at eight yesterday afternoon. A. slept B. was sleeping C. has sleep D. had slept（ ）12.He _ the car for a week. A. bought B. has bought C. has had （ ）13.-How long _ you _ ill ? -Two weeks. A. did fall B. have, fell C. have
18、, been（ ）14.Since 2000, he _ his hometown. A. has left B. has moved away C. has been away from（ ）15.Ill lend you the book , but you can only _ it for 2 days. A. borrow B. keep C. take练习单项选择 （ ）1、Both his parents look sad. Maybe they _whats happened to him. A. knew B. have known C. must know D. will
19、know（ ）2、He has _ been to Shanghai, has he ?A. already B. never C. ever D. still（ ）3、Have you met Mr Li _？ A. just B. ago C. before D. a moment ago（ ）4、The famous writer _ one new book in the past two year . A. is writing B. was writing C. wrote D. has written（ ）5、Our country _ a lot so far . Yes. I
20、 hope it will be even _. A. has changed; well B. changed; good C. has changed; better D. changed; better（ ）6、Zhao Lan _already _in this school for two years . A. was; studying B. will; study C. has; studied D. are; studying（ ）7、We _ Xiao Li since she was a little girl . A. know B. had known C. have
21、known D. knew（ ）8、Harry Potter is a very nice film. I _ it twice. A. will see B. have seen C. saw D. see（ ）9、These farmers have been to the United States . Really? When _ there? A. will they go B. did they go C. do they go D. have they gone （ ）10、_ you _ your homework yet? Yes. I _ it a moment ago.
22、A.Did; do; finished B.Have; done; finished C.Have; done; have finished D.will; do; finish（ ）11、His father _ the club since 1988. A. joined B. has joined C. was in D. has been in（ ）12、Do you know her well? Sure .We _ friends since ten years ago. A. were B. have been C. have become D. have made（ ）13、H
23、ow long have you _ here? About seven years. A. been B. gone C. come D. arrived（ ）14、Hurry up! The program _ for five minutes . A. has begun B. had begun C. has been on D. began（ ）15、It _ ten years since he came Chengdu. A. is B. has C. will D. was（ ）16、Miss Green isnt in the office. She _ to the lib
24、rary. A. has gone B. went C. will go D. has been（ ）17、My parents _ Shandong for ten years . A. have been in B. have been to C. have gone to D. have been（ ）18、He _ for 2 hours. A. got up B. has got up C. has been up（ ）19、Tom is ill in hospital. He _ a cold for several days. A. is B. catches C. has caught D. has had（ ）20、His grandparents _ for more than 9 years.A. has come here B. has started to work B. C. has lived there D. has left the university汉译英1、 吉姆已做完作业，他现在有空了。2、 他昨天收到一封信。3、 我父亲以前到过长城。4、 她还没有看过那部新电影。5、 她去过上海。
