1、【英语】高中名词练习题及答案详解一、单项选择名词1The knowledge and skills the trainees have learned can help them make a clear _ between what is right and wrong.AdistanceBdistinctionCdonationDdefense【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查名词。A. distance距离；B. distinction 区别，差别；C. donation 捐款；D. defense防卫，防护。句意：受训者所学到的知识和技能可以帮助他们区分对错。故选B。2As for you
2、r _ about the shoes, sir, I will speak to the person in charge and ask him either to give you another pair or to give your money back.Acomposition Bcompromise Ccomplaint Dconcept【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查名词。A. composition作文； B. compromise妥协； C. complaint抱怨； D. concept概念。句意：先生，关于你对这双鞋的投诉，我会和负责的人谈谈，让他要么给你另一双鞋，要么
3、把钱还给你。complaint about“对-抱怨”，故选C。3An advantage of living on the top floor of a high rise building is that you can get a good _.Ascene BsceneryCsight Dview【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查名词辨析。句意：住在高楼大厦顶层的优点是你能看很好地欣赏风景。A. scene 情景 B. scenery景色 C. sight 景象 D. view风景。view“风景”普遍用语,指从某个角度所看到的风景。根据句意，故D选项正确。【点睛】Scene:1. 某地的
4、景色、风景，指展现在眼前的情景，也可以指scenery的一部分4 attention to surrounding traffic is a(n) to accidents.ADrivers not paying; invitationBDrivers not paying; invitationCDrivers not paying; causeDDrivers not paying; cause【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查动名词和名词。句意：司机不注意周围的交通会引起事故。此处是动名词的否定形式作主语，且逻辑主语是名词所有格形式，所以第一个空应填Drivers not paying；第二
5、个空，an invitation to“-的一个邀请”，结合句意此空填invitation。故选B。5We have found that a boy matching your entered the amusement park just now.Ainstruction BexplanationCdescription Dapplication【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们发现一个符合你的描述的男孩刚才进入了游乐园。Ainstruction指示；Bexplanation解释；Cdescription描述；Dapplication申请。match descripti
6、on表示“匹配你的描述”，故C项正确。6Computers cannot work without _ from human beings.Aexpressions BinstructionsCprescriptions Dintroductions【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查名词辨析。句意：没有人类的指令，计算机无法工作。A. expressions表达；B. instructions命令，指示；C. Prescriptions处方；D. introductions介绍。instructions“命令，指示”符合句意。故B选项正确。7With the help of the English
7、 teacher, he has made in his English writing.Aa great progressBmuch progressClittle progressDmany progresses【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查不可数名词。句意：在英语老师的帮助下，他的英语写作取得了很大的进步。此处progress“进步”，是不可数名词，所以A/D不正确，再结合句意可知B项符合题意。8Violent programs on television may have a bad on children.Ainjury BpressureCimpression Dinfluence
8、【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查名词。A. injury伤害； B. pressure压力； C. impression印象； D. influence影响。句意：电视上的暴力节目可能对孩子有不良影响。固定词组：have an effect/ influence on“对-有影响”。故选D。9How amazing it is that Zuckberg can speak Chinese! After all, it is a big_ for any westerner to learn such a totally different language.Aadventure Bachiev
9、ementCtrend Dchallenge【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查名词词义辨析。A. adventure冒险；B. achievement成就；C. trend趋势；D. challenge挑战。句意：扎克伯格会说中文是多么令人吃惊啊！毕竟，对任何西方人来说，学习一门完全不同的语言是一个巨大的挑战。根据句意可知此处表示“挑战”，故D项正确。10It cant be a(n) _that four jewelry stores were robbed in one night.AcoincidenceBaccidentCincidentDchance【答案】B【解析】词义辨析。 A.巧合
10、；一致 B. 事故；意外 C.事件；事变 D. 机会。句意：四家珠宝商店在一夜之间被抢劫不会是一起事故。含有意外的意思，故选B。11William， grandson of the Queen， said he would not expect or accept special_when he was considering joining the armyAtreatmentBachievementCstatementDrequirement【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查名词辨析。句意：威廉王子，英国女王的孙子，说当他考虑参军的时候，他不会期待或者接受特别的对待。treatment治疗、对
11、待，这里指跟其他士兵不同的对待； achievement成就； statement声明、陈述； requirement要求、需要，根据句意，故选A。12$300, and thats my last offer.OK. It is a _.AchargeBpriceCcostDdeal【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：300美元，这是我最后的报价。好的，成交。A. charge要价；B. price价格；C. cost花费，费用；D. deal交易。It is a deal.意为“成交”，是固定表达。故选D项。13To be honest, she had a great _
12、for the small town where she grew up.AeffectBeffortCaffectionDpatience【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：说实话，她对她长大的那个小镇有很深的感情。A. effect影响；B. effort努力；C. affection深情；D. patience耐心。短语have a great affection for sth. 意为“对某物钟爱，对某物有深挚的感情”。故选C。14Some people experience shyness as a _ to communication, but this can be
13、 broken down gradually.Aconflict Btaboo Cbarrier Ddelay【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查名词辨析。句意：有些人觉得羞怯成为交际上的障碍,但这是可以逐渐克服的。分析选项：conflict冲突，矛盾; taboo禁忌；barrier屏障; 障碍；delay耽搁; 延迟。可知C符合题意，故选C。15Erics decision to design his coffee_ around his work schedule, rather than biology, isnt surprising given his history of breakf
14、ast.AoriginBrecipeCroutineDtarget【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：埃里克决定根据自己的工作时间安排而不是生物规律来安排喝咖啡的时间，考虑到他吃早餐的历史，这并不奇怪。A. origin起源；B. recipe食谱，处方；C. routine常规，惯例；D. target目标。根据句意可知，his coffee routine 这里指“他的喝咖啡的时间安排习惯 ”，故选C。16There is little doubt that with power and _ it comes more responsibility instead of en
15、tertainment.Apossession BprivilegeCassociation Dpattern【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查名词辨析。句意：毫无疑问，权力和特权带来的是更多的责任，而不是娱乐。A. possession财产；B. privilege特权；C. association联合；D. pattern图案，根据题意，故选B。17 The trip to Yangzhou is impressive thanks to free access to tourist attractions, isnt it? Well, free access is just an adde
16、d _ and the real attraction lies in its local-flavor food.AbonusBchargeCrewardDprize【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查名词。A. bonus奖金，红利； 额外令人高兴的事情；B. charge 费用，控告；C. reward报酬；D. prize奖品。句意：扬州之旅令人印象深刻，因为可以免费进入旅游景点，不是吗?嗯，免费进入只是一个额外的好处，真正吸引人的是它的地方风味食品。故选A。18I expected to see her and was surprised by her _.AexistenceBabsen
17、ceCentranceDacceptance【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我原以为会见到她，没想到她不在。A. existence存在；B. absence缺席；C. entrance入口；D. acceptance接受。由“expected to see her, surprised ”可知，absence“缺席”符合句意。故选B项。19There is a general _ among teachers about the need for greater security in schools.AcommitmentBcompositionCcalculationD
18、consensus【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查名词。句意：教师们普遍认为有必要加强学校的安全。A. commitment承诺，保证；B. composition作文；C. calculation计算，估计；D. consensus一致，舆论。根据among teachers about the need for greater security in schools可知，这是普遍的“舆论”。故选D。20A new _ to teaching languages is being used here, and it has turned out to be very helpful to th
19、e students.AapproachBmeansCmethodDway【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：教学语言的一个新的方法正在这儿被使用，这证明对学生很有用。这几个词都有“方法”的意思，但是A. approach 后面接to doing；B. means，method，way后面都是of doing，way还可以接不定式。故选A。21As global warming increases, the Earth will become less and less suited to life, and many species will face _.Aextinctio
20、nBdirectionCcalculationDapplication【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：随着全球变暖的加剧，地球将越来越不适合生命生存，许多物种将面临灭绝。A. extinction灭绝，消失；B. direction指导；C. calculation计算；D. application申请；应用。结合句意，故选A。22（天津）The weather forecast says it will be cloudy with a slight _ of rain later tonight.AeffectBsenseCchangeDchance【答案】D【解析】试题
21、分析：句意：天气预报说今天今天会是多云，后半夜可能有雨。A.影响；B.感觉；C.改变；D.机会，可能性。故选D。考点：考查名词辨析。23The suspect was declared innocent for_of convincing evidence.Alack Babsence Cconfusion Dunawareness【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查名词辨析及固定搭配。A. lack缺乏；B. absence缺席，缺勤；C. confusion混淆，困惑；D. unawareness无意识。此句是指“嫌疑犯因缺乏（for lack of）令人信服的证据而被宣布无罪”。for lac
22、k of为固定搭配，意为“因而没有，因缺乏”。分析语境可知，此处选A。24The _on his face suggested that he was extremely angry.AimpressionBsightCappearanceDexpression【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查名词辨析。句意：他脸上的表情表明他非常生气。A. impression印象；B. sight视力，景象；C. appearance外貌，外表；D. expression表情，脸色。根据on his face可知指面部表情，故选D。25As we all know, there is a close _ be
23、tween diet and health.AconnectionBevidenceCpowerDbelief【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查名词辨析。句意：我们都知道，饮食和健康之间有密切的联系。A. connection联系；B. evidence证据；C. power力量，能力；D. belief信念，信仰。此处指饮食和健康两者的联系，故选A。26If you have a good _ of English, it is easier for you to find a job there.AcontrolBcommandCconquerDrequest【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查名词
24、词义辨析。句意：如果你英语说得很好，那么在那儿找工作就更容易了。A.control控制；B. command 掌握；C. conquer征服；D. request请求。have a good command of 是固定搭配，意为“能驾御，很会”，have a good command of English，意为“能自由地使用英语”，符合句意，故选B。27-Whats new?-The upcoming 40-day Spring Festival travel _ , also known as chunyun, will _ on Jan 10 and end on Feb 18.Adas
25、h; kick outBrush; kick offCflow; kick inDjam; kick up【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查名词词义辨析和动词短语词义辨析。句意：-有什么新消息？-即将到来的40天的春运高峰期，又称春运，将于1月10日拉开序幕，2月18日结束。A. dash破折号; kick out 撵 走；B. rush 高 峰 期 ； kick off 开 始；C. flow 流 动 ; kick in 药 物 开 始 起 作 用；D. jam 拥 挤; kick up 出 故 障。由“The upcoming 40-day Spring Festival”可知，第一个空在说春
26、运高峰期。由“end on Feb 18”可知，第二个空在说春运的开始时间。end与kick off“开始”相对应。故选B项。28As all the readers can see, the painting presents the childrens mood before the trip and after the trip in a sharp _.AoppositeBcontrastCcomparisonDcontrary【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：正如读者们所看到的，这幅画呈现了孩子们出游前后的心情，二者是截然相反的。A. opposite对立面；B. c
27、ontrast对照；C. comparison比较；D. contrary相反。此处对比孩子们出游前后的心情，in a sharp contrary表示“恰恰相反”，故D项正确。29Many scientists have believed that there may be a _ of life on the Mars.AsignalBsignCmarkDsigh【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查名词辨析。句意：很多科学家相信在火星上有生命迹象。A. signal信号；B. sign标语，迹象；C. mark标记；D. sigh叹气。火星上的生命是有迹象的。故选B。30The organization was founded for the _ of poor children.AbenefitBinterestCadvantageDvalue【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个组织是为了贫困儿童的利益而建立的。A. benefit好处；利益；B. interest兴趣；爱好；C. advantage优势；D. value价值。根据句意故选A。
