1、人教版新目标英语八年级下册语法知识点讲解与经典习题汇编一、反身代词(Reflexive Pronouns)：表示反射或强调的代词叫做反身代词。1.反身代词的构成：人 称单 数复 数第一人称myselfourselves第二人称yourselfyourselves第三人称himself/herself/itselfthemselves2.反身代词的用法：用 法位 置例 句作宾语动词或介词之后Tom is enjoying himself now.作表语系动词之后The boy in the photo is myself.作同位语名词或代词之后或句末I did it myself./ I mys
2、elf did it.3.反身代词的固定搭配：（A）动词之后：enjoy oneself help oneself dress oneself teach oneself hurt oneself lose oneself make oneself done(B) 介词之后： by oneself for oneself look after oneself take care of oneself smile to oneself say/think to oneself come to oneself keep sth. to oneself4.经典习题：(1) Help to some
3、ice cream and salad, kids. A.you B.yourself C.yourselves D.themselves(2)-Who teaches you maths ?-Nobody. I teach maths. A.me B.my C.mine D.myself(3)Children should learn how to save in times of danger. A.himself B.themselves C.yourself D.ourselves(4)Mr. Green went to see his aunt with his wife . A.h
4、erself B.himself C.themselves D.themself( 5) Both Mary and I learn Chinese by . A.herself B.myself C.ourselves D.themselves（答案：1-5 CDBBC ）二、情态动词(Modal Verbs)：用来表示“提议、建议、请求”等意思的动词，情态动词无人称和数的变化，不能单独作谓语，后面必须加动词原形。1. should: 应该，应当；(1)表示义务、责任；e.g. You should pay for your dinner.(2)表示建议： e.g. You should l
5、ie down and have a rest.2. could 用于有礼貌地向对方提出要求或请求,比can的语气更婉转，回答仍然是 can,且用something表示肯定语气。 e.g. -Could we get something to drink ?- Sure, you can.3.can -过去式 could 表示 能力或许可； e.g. Can you drive a car ? Can I use your bike ？4.may-过去式might 表示许可（征求意见）、也许（不确定）、祝福，might 比may 语气委婉；注意否定回答：No,.cant/mustnt./had
6、 better not. e.g. May I stay out late, Mum ? No, you mustnt.It is very dangerous outside. May you be happy every day !5.must 表示必须、一定等命令的语气，若表示“不得不”，用“have to do sth.; 注意否定回答：No,.neednt./dont have to. e.g. You mustnt throw rubbish everywhere. You must come and see us at once. Must I finish the work n
7、ow ? No, you neednt . You may do it tomorrow.6.need-过去式needed 表示需要、必要， 注意：肯定回答：Yes,.must./you have to. e.g. She neednt go there right now. Need I hand out the book now ? Yes, you must.注意：need 作实义动词：意为：需要，必需，常用：Sb.need to do sth.或Sth. need doing. e.g. We need to repair the broken bike now. The broken
8、 bike needs repairing now.【拓展】Sth. need doing.= Sth. need to be done. e.g. The window needs cleaning up. = The window needs to be cleaned up.7.经典习题：(1) I show you my ID card now ? No, you neednt. A. Can B. Must C. Shall D. Could(2)Mum, may I go swimming now ? Yes, but you go alone. A.may B.can C.mus
9、t D.mustnt(3)You remember to lock the door of our clasroom. Its your duty today.A.can B.may C.should D.might(4) Tom get up so early because its Sunday today.A.need not to B.need not C. dont need D.doesnt need(5)Could you help me ? Certainly, I .A. could B.can C.couldnt D.cant（答案：1-5 BDCBB ）三、过去进行时（P
10、ast Progressive Tense ): 表示在过去某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行的动作。1.构成; 肯定： was / were + Ving e.g. I was watching TV at that time. 否定：wasnt/werent + Ving e.g. I wasnt watching TV at that time. 一般疑问句及回答： Was/Were +S. +Ving.? Yes, S.+was/were. No, S. +wasnt/werent.e.g. Were you watching TV at that time ? Yes, I was.2.时
11、间状语：at this /that time/moment yesterday , at eight last night, when/while引导的时间状语从句或上下文e.g. What were you doing at nine last night ? He was reading a newspaper while his sister was playing with toys.3.与一般过去时的用法比较：一般过去时表示在过去某个时间发生过的动作或存在的状态，过去进行时则表示在过去某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行的动作。 e.g. Peter worked out the maths
12、 problem last night. Peter was working on the maths problem all the time last night.4.经典习题：(1) Who the trees ? Some workers were. A.planted B.was planting C.were planting D.plants(2) Who down the trees ? Some workers did. A. cuts B.was cutting C.were cutting D.cut(3)What Tom just now ? A. did, do B.
13、was, doing C.is, doing D.does, do(4)The boys when the teacher them. A.were fighting . was seeing B.were fighting, saw C. fought, saw D.fought, was seeing(5) you what he sang while your brother ? A.Did ,hear; sang B.Were, hearing; was singingC.Did ,hear; was singing D.Were, hearing; sang（答案： 1-5 CDAB
14、C ）四、现在完成时（Present Perfect Tense ）：1.构成： 肯定; S. + have/has +p.p.(过去分词） 否定：S.+havent/hasnt +p.p. 一般疑问句：Have/Has + S. + p.p. ? 回答：Yes. S. +have/has. No, S.+havent/hasnt.注意：过去分词的变化规则与过去式基本一致，除了特殊形式以外。见课本（P136-137）2.标志词：(1) already/ever/never/just/yet/still/many times (2)recently/lately/so far/till now
15、(3)in/over the past/last .years (4)since 2010/since +一段时间+ago/since+含过去时的句子 (5)for +一段时间e.g. Mary has already eaten an apple and a banana. Mary hasnt had lunch yet. Mary has never been to Xian before. Mary has just arrived home. We have seen only one movie so far. They have lived in this school sinc
16、e they came to this city.3.用法：（1）表示过去发生的动作或已经完成的某一个动作对现在造成的影响或结果； e.g. Have you had dinner yet ? Yes, I have. I have just had it. I had it at seven .（2）表示从过去开始持续到现在的动作或状态，也许还要持续下去，常和for/since连用，表示持续的动作或状态多为延续性动词； e.g. We have lived here since 2000.（3）特殊用法： A： have/has gone to sw. 已经去某地（未回） have/has
17、been to sw. 曾去过某地（已回） have/has been in sw.仍然在某地e.g. Peter has gone to Wuhan . He will be back in a week. Peter has been to Wuhan twice. Peter has been in Wuhan for about 70 days.B: 短暂性动词（瞬间动词）可以用于完成时，但是不能与延续性的for/since连用，以及不可以与how long连用，常见的瞬间动词及其转换词（组）有：borrow-have kept buy-have had begin/start-hav
18、e been onstop-have been over open/close-have been open/closedleave-have been away from die-have been dead marry-have been marriedjoin/become- be a member of./ be in. get up-have been up come/go/arrive/reach-have been in. e.g. Tom has come to school for an hour.(误） Tom has been in school for an hour.
19、(正）C: It is/has been + 时间段+since+一般过去时态的句子 一段时间 has passed +since + 一般过去时态的句子 e.g. It is/has been an hour since Tom came to school. Two years has passed since you came to this school.4.一般过去时和现在完成时的区别：（1）侧重点不同：现在完成时是与现在有关的时态，属于现在时间范畴，它侧重于过去的动作对现在造成的影响；而一般过去时是一种过去时态，侧重于表示过去的动作，与现在无关。 e.g. I lived in W
20、uhan in 2010. Li Lei has lived in Wuhan since 2010. （2）连用的时间状语不同：与现在完成时连用的时间状语有: already/ever/never/just/yet/still/many times /before/for/since等；而一般过去时则常与ago/yesterday/last/just now/in 2015等表示过去时间的词（组）连用： e.g. Mike went to Beijing last Sunday. Mike has been away from Beijing since two days ago.5.经典习
21、题： (1) -Where you ?-Taiyuan. I returned home last night. A.did, go B.have, gone C.have, been D.are, going(2)-Where is Peter ?-He to Taiyuan. He is coming back in a week. A.has been B.has gone C.is going D.went(3)用括号里所给词的适当形式填空：- you your lost dog ?-Not yet. (find) -When you it ?-Yesterday. (lose） -W
22、here you it?-Near the park. (look for)-How long you it ?-Since yesterday. (look for)(4)Mrs.Green has Mr.Green for about 30 years. A.married to B.got married to C.been married to D.married with(5)China a lot in the past forty years. A.has changed B.changed C.have changed D.was changing（答案：1-2 CB; 3.H
23、ave found, did lose , did look for , have looked for4-5 CA ）五、动词不定式（Infinitives）：没有人称和数的变化，不能独立作谓语，但保留动词的特点， 属于非谓语动词的形式之一。1.动词不定式的基本形式是：to+动词原形，有时可以不带to; e.g. to read the newspaper to speak at the meeting make me (to) stay here2.动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，可以作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语等；e.g. She wanted to be a singe
24、r. (作宾语） I am happy to see you. (作状语） Could you ask the driver to wait for five minutes ? (作宾语补足语） It is very nice of you to help me. （作主语） It seems to be an interesting movie. （作表语） I often have too much homework to do . (作定语）3.动词不定式的否定形式：not to do sth. e.g. Tell him not to be late again.4.动词不定式可以和
25、what/which/how/where/when等特殊疑问词连用； e.g. Nobody knows what to do with the problem. He showed me how to use the new mobile phone.判断正误：(1) Bob didnt know how to do.( 误 ) (2) Bob didnt know how to do it. ( 正 ) (3) Bob didnt know what to do it.( 误 ) (4) Bob didnt know what to do. ( 正 )5.”省略to的动词不定式 ”的用法：
26、（1）当两个或两个以上的动词不定式连用时，后面的不定式往往省略to: e.g. The boy began to read and (to) write at the age of five.（2）有一些使役动词和感官动词用不定式作宾语时，不定式要省略to,但是在变被动语态时必须要加上to; e.g. He made me (to) wait for a long time. I was made to wait for a long time.【速记口诀】一感（feel）、二听（hear/listen to）、三让（let/make/have）、四看（look at/see/watch/no
27、tice）（3）一些固定用法或句型： A: had better (not ) do sth. e.g. You had better help your sister. B:Why not do sth.?=Why dont you do sth. ? e.g. Why not go there with your friend ? C: Could /Would Will you please (not) do sth. ? e.g. Could you please not open the window ?6.经典习题：(1)He often takes time his holida
28、y with his grandparents. A.spend B.spending C.to spend D.spent(2)Sometimes we can see a group of middle-aged women in the square. A.dance B.dancing C.to dance D.danced(3) I think it very important healthy for everyone. A.keep B.not keep C.to keep D.not to keep(4)-Here are many books for you . Please
29、 decide first. -OK. The Little Prince. A.how to read B.which to read C.what to read D.when to read(5) We must do everything we can against the COVID-19. A.fight B.fighting C.to fight D.fought（答案： 1-5 CACBC ）六、状语从句（Adverbial Clauses）：在复合句中作状语的句子叫做状语从句。根据从句表达的意思分为下列几种类型：1.时间状语从句的连接词（组）：when/while/befo
30、re/after/until/as soon as/whenever等 e.g. She was cooking when someone koncked at the door. While I was watching TV, the door bell rang. I didnt go to bed until she came back.【注意事项】： A：时态：当主句为一般将来时，时间状语从句用一般现在时替代，即“主将从现” e.g. What is he going to do when he finishes his homework ? B: 区别when/while: （1）
31、 when连接的状语从句中的谓语动词可以是延续性或短暂性的动词，但是while连接的状语从句中的谓语动词必须是延长性动词； e.g. What were you doing when your teacher came in ? What were you doing while/when your mother was cooking ?（2）when=at that time/moment 此时、此刻 e.g. She was walking when a leaf fell on her head.（3）while n. 一会儿 e.g. After a while , she came
32、 back to life . (4) while 然而 e.g. The boy is playing games while his sister is reading English.C: 当主句和时间状语从句是同一个人称时，可以用：before/after/when/while + doing sth. e.g. What did you do after you ate lunch ?= What did you do after eating lunch ?2.地点状语从句的连接词： where/wherever/anywhere/everywhere e.g.Where ther
33、e is a will, there is a way. Dont move it. Leave it where it is.3.条件状语从句的连接词（组）： if/as long as/unless e.g. I will go to see you if I have time. They will have a picnic unless it rains next Sunday.【注意事项】A: 时态：当主句为一般将来时，条件状语从句用一般现在时替代，即“主将从现” e.g. You can leave home as long as you finish your homework
34、. Will she visit the museum if she is free ?B: unless= if not e.g. You wont leave here unless your mother calls you.= You wont leave here if your mother doesnt call you.C: 祈使句，and/then/or +陈述句= If(条件状语从句), 主句 e.g. Get up early, or you will be late for school. =If you get up early, you wont be late f
35、or school.4.原因状语从句的连接词：because/for/since e.g.We should study hard since we students. He didnt catch the first bus because he got up too late.【注意事项】 A:.because与so不能同时在一个句子里使用，只能用其中一个： e.g. Because John was ill, I took him to the doctor. John was ill, so I took him to the doctor.B: because 连接句子，becaus
36、e of 连接名词； e.g. Tom didnt go to school because he was ill. Tom didnt go to school because of his illness.5.目的状语从句的连接词组：so that / in order that e.g. Please say it in a loud voice so that everyone can hear it.【注意事项】 in order that与in order to do 的转换： e.g. He went to bed late in order that he could fini
37、sh his homework. =He went to bed late in order to finish his homework.6.结果状语从句的连接词组：so that/so.that./such.that. e.g. It is so hot that we want to go swimming. It is such a heavy box that nobody can move it away. He got up early so that he caught the first bus.【注意事项】A: so+ adj./adv.+that +从句 e.g. He
38、is so fat that he can carry the heavy box. so +many/few/little/much+n.+that +从句 e.g. There is so little water that he has to buy some.B: such +a/an +adj. +n.c +that +从句 e.g. He is such a clever boy that he can work out the maths problem easily. such +adj. +n.u/pl. +that +从句 e.g.It is such fine weath
39、er that we all want to have a picinic today. They are such delicious cakes that they want to eat more.C: so/such.that.与too+adj./adv. +to do sth.及adj./adv. +enough +to do sth.的互换： e.g. The boy is too young to go to school.=The boy is so young that he cant go to school. = The boy is not old enough to
40、go to school.7.让步状语从句的连接词（组）： though/although/even if/even though/but e.g. Although its raining hard, they are still working hard in the field. Even if he has no money, he will help others.【注意事项】A: although.though 不可以与but用在同一个句子中，但是可以与yet/still用于同一个句子中： e.g.Though he is old, he still works hard.=He
41、is old, but he still works hard.B: though adv.不过 e.g. He said he would come. He didnt , though.8.比较状语从句的连接词（组）： than/as.as./not as(so).as. e.g. He ran as fast as Mike. He didnt run as/so fsat as Mike. He ran faster than Mike.【注意事项】A: 比较级与原级的互换： e.g. The boy is older than the girl. =The boy is not as
42、/so young as the girl.B;比较级与最高级的互换： The boy is older than any other student in his class. =The boy is the oldest student in his class.9.经典习题： ( )1.-Can students go online during lessons ?-Of course.They can it is for that lesson.A.but B.or C.if D.so( )2.You mustnt enter the private place you are invited. A.if B.since C.because D.unless( )3.She was cooking someone knocked at the door. A.while B.when C.since D.as long as( )4.John did nothing the classes online were over. A.if B.as soon as C.until D.
