1、2020最新牛津译林版高中英语必修一Unit 2知识点同步指导一、词汇派生根据词性和汉语提示，写出下列单词1argue vi.争吵，争辩，争论 vt.说理，论证argument n争吵，争论；论点2anxious adj.忧虑的，担心的；令人焦虑的，渴望的anxiety n担心；焦虑；渴望3anger n怒气，怒火angry adj.生气的；恼火的4concern n担心，忧虑；关心 vt.涉及；让(某人)担忧concerned adj.担心的；忧虑的5edit v编辑editor n主编，编辑；剪辑师edition n版(本)；版次二、一词多义1shoot vt.&vi.(使朝某方向)冲，奔
2、；射击；射杀；摄影，拍摄Smith killed his wife，and then shot himself.射杀The movie was shot in New Zealand.拍摄They had almost reached the boat when a figure shot past them.(使朝某方向)冲，奔2spot n粉刺，脓包；斑点；污渍；地点，场所She was wearing a black skirt with white spots.斑点His jacket was covered with spots of mud.污渍The babys whole bo
3、dy was covered in small red spots.粉刺，脓包He showed me the exact spot where he had asked her to marry him.地点，场所3view n&vt.看法；视线；景色；把视为；观看This evidence supports the view that there is too much violence on television.看法The sun disappeared from view.视线The view from the top of the tower was wonderful.景色The
4、 law should be viewed as a way of meeting certain social goals.把视为三、要点直击Words And Phrasesanxious adj.忧虑的，担心的；令人焦虑的；渴望的(教材P16)You may feel anxious that you are developing at a different rate to your friends，shooting up in height or getting left far behind.你可能会感到焦虑，因为你正在以不同于你的朋友的速度成长，或在身高上突飞猛进，或者远远落在后
5、面。例1He was a bit anxious about the safety of the machinery.他有点担心机器的安全性。例2She was anxious that it might be cancer.她担心可能是癌症。造句我们为你担心。We were anxious for you.归纳拓展(1)be anxious for/about(be worried/concerned about)为担心/担忧be anxious for(be eager for/be keen on)渴望be anxious (for sb.) to do sth.渴望(某人)做be an
6、xious that. 渴望(从句谓语用should do，should可以省略)(2)anxiously adv. 焦躁地；急切地(3)anxiety n. 担心；焦虑；渴望即学即练单句语法填空We were anxious for everyone to know (know) the truth.We waited with anxiety (anxious) for the news of her safe arrival.She is anxious about not passing(pass) the College Entrance Exam.More and more peo
7、ple are anxious(anxiety) for the quality of the air.target n(攻击)目标，对象；靶子 vt.把作为攻击目标；面向(教材P16)When it all gets too much，your parents are often the first targets of your anger.当这一切让你不堪重负时，父母常常会成为你发泄愤怒的首选目标。例1There is no target date for completion of the new project.这个新的项目何时完工没有预定日期。例2Higher degrees in
8、 English are a target for foreign students.获得英语高等学位是外国学生的目标。造句该地区成了发展超市的首选之地。The area has become a prime target for supermarket development.归纳拓展(1)set a target设定目标aim at the target 瞄准目标hit/miss the target 中/脱靶(2)target sth.on/at 把对准be targeted on/at 以为目标；把对准；旨在即学即练单句语法填空Set yourself targets (target)
9、 that you can reasonably hope to achieve.This TV show is mainly targeted(target) on the young.To hit the target，you have to aim at it.We were still right on target for our deadline.struggle n& vi.斗争；拼搏；努力(教材P17)On the other hand，when you are struggling to control your feelings，you wish they could be
10、 more caring and patientsometimes they forget that growing up is a rough ride.另一方面，当你努力想控制自己的情感时，你希望他们能更加体贴，更有耐心有时候他们忘记了成长是一个艰难的过程。例1The company is struggling to find buyers for its new product.这个公司正竭力为它的新产品寻找买主。例2One in five young adults was struggling with everyday mathematics.每5个年轻人中就有一个做日常的数学计算很
11、费劲。造句她独自一人艰难地养活一家人。Shes struggling to bring up a family alone.归纳拓展struggle against/with sb./sth.同做斗争；与抗争struggle for sth. 为而斗争struggle to do sth. 努力去做某事；挣扎着做某事struggle to ones feet 挣扎着站起来即学即练单句语法填空They had to struggle against/with all kinds of difficulties.I could see the young boy struggling(strugg
12、le) to free himself.The young man struggled to his feet to fight against the robber.He has been struggling for success in his business. calm vt.使平静；使镇定；adj.平静的；镇静的；沉着的(教材P17)When you disagree with your parents，take a minute to calm down and try to understand the situation from their point of view.当你
13、不同意父母的观点时，花点时间冷静下来，试着从他们的角度来理解当前的情况。例1It is important to keep calm in an emergency.情况紧急的时候，保持镇静是重要的。例2Tuesday was a fine，clear and calm day.星期二是晴空万里、风和日丽的一天。造句试着保持冷静，告诉我发生了什么。Try to keep calm and just tell me what happened.归纳拓展(1)calm down平静下来；镇静下来calm sb.down 使某人平静下来(2)stay/remain/keep calm 保持镇静(3)
14、calmly adv. 平静地；镇静地；沉着地即学即练单句语法填空We waited inside until things calmed downHe took a few deep breaths to calm(calm) himself down.She gazed calmly(calm)back at the queen.If I feel anxious，I know what to do to calm myself(me) down.concern n担心；关心 vt.使担忧；涉及；关系到(教材P17)After you have thought it through，exp
15、lain your actions and feelings calmly，listen carefully，and address their concerns.在你全面考虑之后，冷静地解释你的行为和感受，仔细倾听，并设法消除他们的顾虑。例1This chapter concerns itself with the historical background.本章旨在讲述历史背景。例2She hasnt been seen for four days and there is concern for her safety.她已四天不见踪影，大家对她的安全很担心。造句在生命最后的日子里，诗人表
16、达了她对父亲的关切。In her last days the poet expressed concern for her father.归纳拓展(1)show concern for.对关切；关心(2)It concerns/concerned sb.that.令某人担忧的是(3)concerned adj. 担心的；关注的as/so far as.be concerned 关于；至于；就而言be concerned about/for 关心；担忧；挂念be concerned with sth. 牵涉到；与有关(4) concerning prep. 关于；就而言即学即练单句语法填空As
17、far as the space technology is concerned(concern)，China ranks third in the world.He asked several questions concerning(concern) the future of the company.More and more people show great concern for road safety.What concerns(concern) me is our lack of preparation for the change.小片段助记As far as Im conc
18、erned，the public are showing more and more concern for education.So the books concerning academics are popular with them.But it concerns me that the health of the young are in bad condition now，which is concerned about as well.stress n精神压力；紧张；强调；vt.加压力于；着重；强调(教材P17)Just remember that it is completel
19、y normal to struggle with the stress that parentchild tensions create，and that you and your parents can work together to improve your relationship.只要记住，无法轻松应对亲子关系紧张带来的压力是完全正常的，并且你和父母可以共同努力，改善关系。例1It was undertaken under the stress of desperation.那是在绝望的迫使下做出的一种反应。例2In the meeting，they laid stress on
20、the importance of reducing pollution.在大会上，他们强调了减少污染的重要性。造句失业及妻子的健康问题使他处于巨大的压力中。Unemployment and his wifes health put him under great stress.归纳拓展(1)lay/place stress on强调；着重于under the stress of在压力下；为所迫be under stress处于压力之下(2)stress the importance of.强调的重要性(3)stressful adj.压力重的；有压力的即学即练单句语法填空To my exci
21、tement，my new job is much less stressful(stress)It must be stressed(stress) that this disease is very rare.He stressed the importance of a good education.When we are under stress our bodies tend to tense up.小片段助记Stress is a state of being upset when we are under stress for a long time，and nobody lik
22、es being placed stress on by others，for too much stress can make us sick.As a student，my daily life is usually stressful，so parents dont stress the importance of learning to us any more.We should be relaxed instead.argue vi.争吵，争辩，争论 vt.说理，论证(教材P19)Recently we have argued with each other a great deal
23、.最近我们之间经常争吵。例1Do you often argue with your wife about which TV programme to watch?你经常为看哪个电视节目与妻子争论吗？例2Woolfs report argued for an improvement in prison conditions.伍尔夫的报告主张改善监狱条件。造句我们总是为钱吵嘴。Were always arguing with each other about money.归纳拓展(1)argue with sb.(about/over sth.)(就某事)与某人争(辩)论argue for/ag
24、ainst sth.据理赞成/反对argue sb.into doing sth.说服某人做某事argue sb.out of doing sth.说服某人不做某事(2)argument n.争吵，争论，论点即学即练单句语法填空We had an argument(argue) with the waiter about the bill.They are arguing over/about foreign policy.The report argues against/for tax increases.I argued her out of going(go) on such a da
25、ngerous journey.Sentence Patterns“Itben.to do.”句式(教材P16)It can be a big headache to balance your developing mental needs too.平衡你不断发展的心理需求也会是一件很头疼的事情。句式分析：“It is/wasn./adj.to do”为常用句型。其中it为形式主语，to do为真正的主语。例1It is a pleasure to have a talk with such a kind man.与这么好的一个人交谈是令人快乐的事。例2It is difficult to g
26、et there before dark.天黑以前赶到那里很困难。造句早起会更好。It is better to get up early.归纳拓展it作形式主语而从句是真正主语的常见句式：It is a pity/surprise/wonder that.It is likely/surprising/interesting that.It is said/believed/reported that.翻译1Its a wonder(难怪)that more people werent hurt.翻译2It is a pity(遗憾的是)that you didnt attend the l
27、ecture yesterday.即学即练单句语法填空It is clear that the chosen pattern is not the correct one.It is necessary for you to train(train) yourself before the walk.It is not a good habit to stay(stay) up too late.It is doubtful that this method is more scientific.动名词短语作主语(教材P17)On the other hand，when you are str
28、uggling to control your feelings，you wish they could be more caring and patientsometimes they forget that growing up is a rough ride.另一方面，当你努力想控制自己的情感时，你希望他们能更加体贴，更有耐心有时候他们忘记了成长是一个艰难的过程。句式分析：句中growing up为动名词短语作主语。动词ing形式作主语表示抽象的或泛指的动作，谓语动词用单数。例1Studying abroad can be a good experience.留学是一种很好的经历。例2S
29、eeing is believing.眼见为实。造句在公共场合做演讲真是一个挑战。Making a speech in public is really a challenge.归纳拓展(1)动名词的主动形式：doing；(2)动名词的被动形式：being done；(3)动名词具有动词与名词的性质，在句中可充当主语、宾语或表语。动名词作主语时，有时用it作形式主语，而把动名词、短语后置，常见结构有：It is no use doing sth.做某事没用。It is no good doing sth. 做某事没有好处。It is a waste of time doing sth. 做某事
30、是浪费时间。翻译1Learning English well (学好英语)is really a challenge for him.翻译2Im afraid of going to the dentist(去看牙医)即学即练单句语法填空Her not coming(come) made her parents worried a lot.Its no use arguing(argue) with him，for hes so stupid.Working with them is a pleasure.Ignoring(ignore) the differences between the
31、 two research findings will be one of the worst mistakes you make.四、长句难句理解1(教材P17)On the other hand，when you are struggling to control your feelings，you wish they could be more caring and patientsometimes they forget that growing up is a rough ride.分析本句是一个主从复合句。when you are struggling to control you
32、r feelings为when引导的时间状语从句，主句you wish后是省略了that的宾语从句，动词forget后的that从句为另外一个宾语从句。译文另一方面，当你努力想控制自己的情感时，你希望他们能更加体贴，更有耐心有时候他们忘记了成长是一个艰难的过程。2(教材P17)Just remember that it is completely normal to struggle with the stress that parentchild tensions create，and that you and your parents can work together to improv
33、e your relationship.分析本句为祈使句，动词remember后接两个that引导的宾语从句，第一个宾语从句中that parentchild tensions create为定语从句，修饰先行词the stress。译文只要记住，无法轻松应对亲子关系紧张带来的压力是完全正常的，并且你和父母可以共同努力，改善关系。五、对接高考教材高考1.When you disagree with your parents，take a minute to clam down and try to understand the situation from their point of vie
34、w.(2019全国卷)This view is especially evident on Kilimanjaro as climbers go through five ecosystems(生态系统) in the space of a few kilometers.2.After you have thought it through，explain your actions and feelings calmly，listen carefully，and address their concerns.(2019江苏卷)He felt concerned about his illnes
35、s.3.Just remember that it is completely normal to struggle with the stress that parentchild tensions create.(2019全国卷)The stress from working overtime.六、实战演练.单句语法填空1These workers struggled for better working conditions.2“Ill call the doctor”，he said calmly(calm)3I was concerned(concern) that I was no
36、t protected and would get sunburned.4He had to continue to learn something to equip himself under the stress of losing a job.5The lawyer was so kind that he argued for the poor man.6Residents are anxiously(anxious) waiting a decision.7She has a strong thirst for knowledge.8The president was shot (sh
37、oot) in the head and died on the spot.9The programme is targeted at improving (improve) the health of women of all ages.短语填空see eye to eye with sb.(on sth.)；shoot up；keep the peace；calm down；from sb.s point of view；think sth.through；back down；on the other hand1At last the wild wind calmed down2I wis
38、h I could bring you to see the situation from my point of view3You must always think a problem through before acting.4Faced with our evidence，the other side had to back down5On the one hand this job doesnt pay very much，but on the other hand I cant get another one.6We see eye to eye with each other
39、on this.7That boy has shot up since we last saw him.8The peacekeeping troops try to keep the peace of that place.课文语法填空In the family，heated arguments and cold silences 1.are(be) very common between 2.teenagers(teenager) and parents.Such family tensions are often caused by teenagers 3.painful(pain) p
40、hysical changes，such as 4.changing(change) voice and weight problems.Besides，it can be 5.a big headache to balance teenagers developing mental needs.However，teenagers can take action 6.to improve(improve) the situation，for example，they can communicate with their parents 7.regularly(regular) and hone
41、stly.Through such healthy communication，teenagers can learn 8.when to back down and when to ask parents to relax their control.In fact，9.it is quite normal to struggle with the stress that parentchild tensions create.The stormy period will not last long and everything 10.will turn(turn) out all right in the end.
