1、所有生词所有生词 查阅牛津高阶查阅牛津高阶 揣摩文中意揣摩文中意 标标动词种类实系助情和每个动词相对应的句子成分动词种类实系助情和每个动词相对应的句子成分 ( (定定) ) 状状 名名 英译中英译中 什么做什么什么做什么 什么是什么什么是什么 主主 S S 谓谓 V V 宾宾 O O 主主 S S 系系 V V 表表 P P 第 1 页 共 16 页 20202020 年常熟年常熟高三高三二模二模英语英语 B The possibility of self-driving robot cars has often seemed like a futurists dream, years awa
2、y from materializing in the real world. Well, the future is apparently now. The California Department of Motor Vehicles began giving permits in April for companies to test truly self-driving cars on public roads. The state also cleared the way for companies to sell or rent out self-driving cars, and
3、 for companies to operate driverless taxi services. California, it should be noted, isnt leading the way here. Companies have been testing their vehicles in cities across the country. Its hard to predict when driverless cars will be everywhere on our roads. But however long it takes, the technology
4、has the potential to change our transportation systems and our cities, for better or for worse, depending on how the transformation is regulated. While much of the debate so far has been focused on the safety of driverless cars (and rightfully so), policymakers also should be talking about how self-
5、driving vehicles can help reduce traffic jams, cut emissions and 所有生词所有生词 查阅牛津高阶查阅牛津高阶 揣摩文中意揣摩文中意 标标动词种类实系助情和每个动词相对应的句子成分动词种类实系助情和每个动词相对应的句子成分 ( (定定) ) 状状 名名 英译中英译中 什么做什么什么做什么 什么是什么什么是什么 主主 S S 谓谓 V V 宾宾 O O 主主 S S 系系 V V 表表 P P 第 2 页 共 16 页 offer more convenient, affordable mobility options. The ar
6、rival of driverless vehicles is a chance to make sure that those vehicles are environmentally friendly and more shared. Do we want to copy - or even worsen - the traffic of today with driverless cars? Imagine a future where most adults own individual self-driving vehicles. They tolerate long, slow j
7、ourneys to and from work on packed highways because they can work, entertain themselves or sleep on the ride, which encourages urban spread. They take their driverless car to an appointment and set the empty vehicle to circle the building to avoid paying for parking. Instead of walking a few blocks
8、to pick up a child or the dry cleaning, they send the self-driving minibus. The convenience even leads fewer people to take public transport - an unwelcome side effect researchers have already found in ride-hailing (叫车)services. A study from the University of California at Davis suggested that repla
9、cing petrol-powered private cars worldwide with electric, self-driving and shared systems could reduce carbon emissions from transportation 80% and 所有生词所有生词 查阅牛津高阶查阅牛津高阶 揣摩文中意揣摩文中意 标标动词种类实系助情和每个动词相对应的句子成分动词种类实系助情和每个动词相对应的句子成分 ( (定定) ) 状状 名名 英译中英译中 什么做什么什么做什么 什么是什么什么是什么 主主 S S 谓谓 V V 宾宾 O O 主主 S S 系系
10、 V V 表表 P P 第 3 页 共 16 页 cut the cost of transportation infrastructure and operations 40% by 2050. Fewer emissions and cheaper travel sound pretty appealing. The first commercially available driverless cars will almost certainly be fielded by ride-hailing services, considering the cost of self-drivi
11、ng technology as well as liability and maintenance issues (责任与维护问 题). But driverless car ownership could increase as the prices drop and more people become comfortable with the technology. Policymakers should start thinking now about how to make sure the appearance of driverless vehicles doesnt exte
12、nd the worst aspects of the car-controlled transportation system we have today. The coming technological advancement presents a chance for cities and states to develop transportation systems designed to move more people, and more affordably. The car of the future is coming. We just have to plan for
13、it. 58. As for driverless cars, what is the authors major concern? A. Safety. B. Side effects. C. Management. D. Affordability. 59. What does the underlined word “fielded” in Paragraph 4 probably mean? A. Shared. B. Replaced. C. Reduced. D. Employed. 60. What is the authors attitude to the future of
14、 self-driving cars? 所有生词所有生词 查阅牛津高阶查阅牛津高阶 揣摩文中意揣摩文中意 标标动词种类实系助情和每个动词相对应的句子成分动词种类实系助情和每个动词相对应的句子成分 ( (定定) ) 状状 名名 英译中英译中 什么做什么什么做什么 什么是什么什么是什么 主主 S S 谓谓 V V 宾宾 O O 主主 S S 系系 V V 表表 P P 第 4 页 共 16 页 A. Positive. B. Doubtful. C. Disapproving. D. Sympathetic. 【答案】58. C 59. D 60. A 【解析】 【分析】 这是一篇说明文。文章主要
15、介绍了有关无人驾驶汽车的发展前景和面临的问题。 【58 题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第一段中 for better or for worse, depending on how the transformation is regulated.(是好 是坏，这取决于如何监管这种转变)以及最后一段中 Policymakers should start thinking now about how to make sure the appearance of driverless vehicles doesnt extend the worst aspects of the car-control
16、led transportation system we have today.(政策制定者现在应该开始思考，如何确保无人驾驶汽车的出现不会扩大我们今天的汽车控制 交通系统的最糟糕方面） 。由此可知，关于无人驾驶汽车，作者最担心的是管理问题。结合选项，故选 C。 【59 题详解】 词义猜测题。根据上句中 Fewer emissions and cheaper travel sound pretty appealing. 和本句中的 by ride-hailing services, considering the cost of self-driving technology as well
17、as liability and maintenance issues 可知，无人驾驶 汽车拥有排放少和交通便宜的优势，再加上考虑到自动驾驶技术的成本以及责任和维护问题，所以推测第 一批商用无人驾驶汽车肯定会采用代驾服务。 故划线词应是“采用， 雇佣”等类似词义。 结合选项， 应选 D。 【60 题详解】 推理判断题。 根据文章最后一段中 The coming technological advancement presents a chance for cities and states to develop transportation systems designed to move m
18、ore people, and more affordably. The car of the future is coming. We just have to plan for it.（即将到来的技术进步为城市和国家提供了发展交通系统的机会，这些交通系统的 设计是为了让更多的人出行，而且更经济。未来的汽车就要来了。我们只需要做好准备） 。由此可推断出， 对于无人驾驶车的未来，作者的态度还是比较积极的。结合选项，故选 A。 【点睛】词义猜测题是阅读题中常见的出题形式。做这类题时，要根据词、词组或句子所在的语境，即上 下文来判断其意义。 例如本题第 2 小题， 根据上句中 Fewer emis
19、sions and cheaper travel sound pretty appealing. 和本句中 by ride-hailing services, considering the cost of self-driving technology as well as liability and maintenance issues (责任与维护问题).可知，无人驾驶汽车拥有排放少和交通便宜的优势，再加上考虑到自 动驾驶技术的成本以及责任和维护问题，所以推测第一批商用无人驾驶汽车肯定会采用代驾服务。故划线 词应是“采用，雇佣”等类似词义。 所有生词所有生词 查阅牛津高阶查阅牛津高阶 揣
20、摩文中意揣摩文中意 标标动词种类实系助情和每个动词相对应的句子成分动词种类实系助情和每个动词相对应的句子成分 ( (定定) ) 状状 名名 英译中英译中 什么做什么什么做什么 什么是什么什么是什么 主主 S S 谓谓 V V 宾宾 O O 主主 S S 系系 V V 表表 P P 第 5 页 共 16 页 C Youre walking down a quiet street and suddenly you hear some footsteps. Undoubtedly, it means that theres someone around. But have you ever wond
21、ered why it occurs to us that its someone elses footsteps, not ours? According to a new study published in the journal Nature in September, this phenomenon arises from a function in our brain to ignore the noise we make ourselves. In order to explore how our brain does this, a group of scientists ca
22、rried out an experiment with mice at Duke University. The research entered on an intuition-that we are usually unaware of the sound of our own footsteps-as a vehicle for understanding larger neural phenomena; how this behavior reveals the ability to monitor, recognize, and remember the sound of ones
23、 own movements in relation to those of their larger environments. In the experiment, research controlled the sounds of a group of mice could hear, reported Science Daily. During the first several days, the mice would hear the same sound each time they took a step. This was just like “running on a ti
24、ny piano with each key playing exactly the same note”, senior study author Richard Mooney, a professor of 所有生词所有生词 查阅牛津高阶查阅牛津高阶 揣摩文中意揣摩文中意 标标动词种类实系助情和每个动词相对应的句子成分动词种类实系助情和每个动词相对应的句子成分 ( (定定) ) 状状 名名 英译中英译中 什么做什么什么做什么 什么是什么什么是什么 主主 S S 谓谓 V V 宾宾 O O 主主 S S 系系 V V 表表 P P 第 6 页 共 16 页 neurobiology at D
25、uke University, told Live Science. Scientists found that their auditory cortex (听觉皮层) the area of the brain that processes sound became active at first but decreased its response to the sound after two or three minutes when the mice became familiar with it “ Its almost like they were wearing special
26、 headphones that could filter (过滤) out the sound of their own movements.” David Schneider, an assistant professor at the Center for Neutral Science at New York University, told HuffPost. But once the sound changed, their auditory cortex became active again. This suggests that the “sensory filter” in
27、 a mouses brain could help it detect new sounds or abnormal noise in the environment easily after tuning out familiar sounds. “For mice, this is really important,” said Schneider. “They are prey animals, so they really need to be able to 所有生词所有生词 查阅牛津高阶查阅牛津高阶 揣摩文中意揣摩文中意 标标动词种类实系助情和每个动词相对应的句子成分动词种类实系
28、助情和每个动词相对应的句子成分 ( (定定) ) 状状 名名 英译中英译中 什么做什么什么做什么 什么是什么什么是什么 主主 S S 谓谓 V V 宾宾 O O 主主 S S 系系 V V 表表 P P 第 7 页 共 16 页 listen for a cat creeping up on them, even when theyre walking and making noise. Being able to ignore the sounds of ones own movements is likely important for humans as well. But the ab
29、ility to predict the sounds of our own actions is also important for more complex human behaviors such as speaking or playing an instrument. “When we learn to speak or to play music, we predict what sounds we are going to hear such as when we prepare to strike keys on a piano and we compare this to
30、what we actually hear, “explains Schneider. “We use mismatches between expectation and experience to change how we play and we get better over time because our brain is trying to minimize these errors.” 61. What can be discovered about mice in the experiment? A. Their brain responds inactively to th
31、e familiar sounds B. They are able to detect sounds other animals dont notice. C. They cannot identify different sounds except their own footsteps. D. Different areas of their brain are responsible for different sounds. 所有生词所有生词 查阅牛津高阶查阅牛津高阶 揣摩文中意揣摩文中意 标标动词种类实系助情和每个动词相对应的句子成分动词种类实系助情和每个动词相对应的句子成分 (
32、(定定) ) 状状 名名 英译中英译中 什么做什么什么做什么 什么是什么什么是什么 主主 S S 谓谓 V V 宾宾 O O 主主 S S 系系 V V 表表 P P 第 8 页 共 16 页 62. Whats the function of the sensory filter? A. Ignoring the sounds made by our companions. B. Getting used to abnormal or unfamiliar sounds. C. Identifying the sounds from a larger environment. D. Bein
33、g sensitive to the sounds of our own movement. 63. Why can a good symphony conductor immediately recognize it when a wrong note is played? A. He has the ability to match the wrong note with the instrument player. B. He has an intuition that he should ignore the sound of his own movement. C. He has a
34、 low expectation and knows where players are likely to make errors. D. He has a good prediction of how each note should be played in the orchestra. 64. What can be inferred from the passage? A. Noise-filtering ability ensures us a quiet and undisturbed environment. B. The ability to ignore familiar
35、noises helps to detect potential dangers. C. The activeness of auditory cortex determines our activity performance. D. Sound-predicting ability seems not so important for humans as for animals. 【答案】61. A 62. C 63. D 64. B 【解析】 【分析】 所有生词所有生词 查阅牛津高阶查阅牛津高阶 揣摩文中意揣摩文中意 标标动词种类实系助情和每个动词相对应的句子成分动词种类实系助情和每个动
36、词相对应的句子成分 ( (定定) ) 状状 名名 英译中英译中 什么做什么什么做什么 什么是什么什么是什么 主主 S S 谓谓 V V 宾宾 O O 主主 S S 系系 V V 表表 P P 第 9 页 共 16 页 这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了根据 9 月份发表在自然杂志上一项新研究表明人类拥有忽视熟悉 的噪音的能力，即忽视我们自己发出的噪音，文章说明了得出这一结论的实验过程，实验结果说明能够忽 视自己动作的声音对人类来说很重要。 【61 题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章倒数第四段中 This suggests that the “sensory filter” in a mouses br
37、ain could help it detect new sounds or abnormal noise in the environment easily after tuning out familiar sounds.（这表明，老鼠大脑中的 “感觉过滤器”可以帮助它在排除熟悉的声音后， 更容易地检测到环境中的新声音或异常噪音） 。 由此可知， 老鼠的大脑对熟悉的声音反应迟钝。结合选项，故选 A。 【62 题详解】 推理判断题。 根据文章倒数第五段中 Its almost like they were wearing special headphones that could filte
38、r (过滤) out the sound of their own movements.（这就像他们戴着特殊的耳机，可以过滤掉自己运动的声音） 。由此可 以推断出，这种过滤器可以识别来自大环境中的声音。结合选项，故选 C。 【63 题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段中 Being able to ignore the sounds of ones own movements is likely important for humans as well. But the ability to predict the sounds of our own actions is also imp
39、ortant for more complex human behaviors such as speaking or playing an instrument.（能够忽略自己动作的声音对人类来说可能也很重要。但 是，预测我们自己行动的声音的能力，对于更复杂的人类行为，比如说话或演奏乐器也很重要。 ）由此可以 推知，一个好的交响乐指挥家在一个错误的音符被演奏时，能立即识别它，因为他能够预测出每个音符在 管弦乐队中应该如何演奏。结合选项，故选 D。 【64 题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第一段中 Youre walking down a quiet street and suddenly yo
40、u hear some footsteps. Undoubtedly, it means that theres someone around. But have you ever wondered why it occurs to us that its someone elses footsteps, not ours?（你走在一条安静的街道上，突然听到一些脚步声。毫无疑问，这意味着周围有人。 但你有没有想过，为什么我们会想到这是别人的脚步，而不是我们的?）由此可以判断出，如果人类有忽视 熟悉噪音的能力，有助于发现潜在危险。结合选项，故选 B。 【点睛】推理判断题属于主观题，是层次较高的题
41、目。它包括判断和推理题。这两类题常常相互依存，推 理是为了作出正确的判断，正确的判断又依赖于合乎逻辑的推理。该题要求在理解表面文字的基础上，作 所有生词所有生词 查阅牛津高阶查阅牛津高阶 揣摩文中意揣摩文中意 标标动词种类实系助情和每个动词相对应的句子成分动词种类实系助情和每个动词相对应的句子成分 ( (定定) ) 状状 名名 英译中英译中 什么做什么什么做什么 什么是什么什么是什么 主主 S S 谓谓 V V 宾宾 O O 主主 S S 系系 V V 表表 P P 第 10 页 共 16 页 出判断和推论，从而得到文章的隐含的意思和深层的意思，也就是通过文章中的文字信息，上下逻辑关系 及事物
42、的发展变化等已知的信息，推断出作者没有直接表达的态度和观点。如本题第四小题，根据文章第 一段中 Youre walking down a quiet street and suddenly you hear some footsteps. Undoubtedly, it means that theres someone around. But have you ever wondered why it occurs to us that its someone elses footsteps, not ours?（你走在一条安静的街道上，突然听到一些脚步声。毫无疑问，这意 味着周围有人。但你
43、有没有想过，为什么我们会想到这是别人的脚印，而不是我们的?）由此可以判断出， 如果人类有忽视熟悉噪音的能力，有助于发现潜在危险。结合选项，故选 B。 D Recently I rolled into a local restaurant to try an Impossible Burger, an all-plant meat-like pie invented by the Silicon Valley company Impossible Foods. Its famous for having a weirdly chewy, even bloody, meat-like qualit
44、y, a surprising verisimilitude (逼真) that has made it “perhaps the countrys most famous burger,” as New York magazine recently wrote. One bite into its gorgeous, smoky flavor, and I was convinced. This is good news, because the time has come to mass-produce fake meat, fast. Why? Because in the fight
45、to ease climate change, meat replacement is one of the lowest-hanging fruits. Meat production chews up land and lets out methane(沼气) by the kiloton, accounting for about two-thirds of all greenhouse gas emissions from agriculture. A University of Oxford study recently found that, to keep global warm
46、ing 所有生词所有生词 查阅牛津高阶查阅牛津高阶 揣摩文中意揣摩文中意 标标动词种类实系助情和每个动词相对应的句子成分动词种类实系助情和每个动词相对应的句子成分 ( (定定) ) 状状 名名 英译中英译中 什么做什么什么做什么 什么是什么什么是什么 主主 S S 谓谓 V V 宾宾 O O 主主 S S 系系 V V 表表 P P 第 11 页 共 16 页 below 2 degrees this century, we need to be eating 75 percent less beef and 90 percent less pork globally. “Without co
47、ncentrated change, we really risk going beyond key environmental limits,” Marco Springmann, one of the Oxford researchers, warns me. Diets are culturally enshrined(神圣的), so changing them will be hard. Fake meat can help camouflage(掩饰) that dramatic transformation with slight adjustment. Still, even
48、the most exceptional substitutes for meat face a huge challenge if theyre going to replace 75 to 90 percent of beef and pork. The first taste of an Impossible Burger-a moment when low expectations work a powerful magic in the products favor-is one thing. But how do you keep meat-eaters asking for more after their sixth, and their 26th? Fortunately, the science here is playing an important role. Impossible Foods owes much of its appeal to a bioengineering process that turns out big, blood-red tanks of “heme,” a crucial molecule that gives veggie(素食主义 所有生词所有生词 查阅牛津高阶查阅牛津高阶 揣摩文中意揣
