1、最新历年全国高考英语名词试题汇总及答案一、单项选择名词1The knowledge and skills the trainees have learned can help them make a clear _ between what is right and wrong.AdistanceBdistinctionCdonationDdefense【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查名词。A. distance距离；B. distinction 区别，差别；C. donation 捐款；D. defense防卫，防护。句意：受训者所学到的知识和技能可以帮助他们区分对错。故选B。2As for
2、your _ about the shoes, sir, I will speak to the person in charge and ask him either to give you another pair or to give your money back.Acomposition Bcompromise Ccomplaint Dconcept【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查名词。A. composition作文； B. compromise妥协； C. complaint抱怨； D. concept概念。句意：先生，关于你对这双鞋的投诉，我会和负责的人谈谈，让他要么给你另一双鞋
3、，要么把钱还给你。complaint about“对-抱怨”，故选C。3Some netizens use “beat a call” as an _ to “cheering for” to show their approval or support for others.Aalternative BaccountCapology Dacquaintance【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：一些网民用“打call”代替“为之欢呼”来表示对他人的赞赏或支持。A. alternative供替代的选择；B. account描述；C. apology道歉；D. acquaintan
4、ce熟人。故选A。4Violent programs on television may have a bad on children.Ainjury BpressureCimpression Dinfluence【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查名词。A. injury伤害； B. pressure压力； C. impression印象； D. influence影响。句意：电视上的暴力节目可能对孩子有不良影响。固定词组：have an effect/ influence on“对-有影响”。故选D。5The broken window was the that the house had be
5、en broken into.Aevidence BexpressionCscenery Dfunction【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查名词。A. evidence证据； B. expression表达； C. scenery风景； D. function功能。句意：弄坏的窗户是这所房子被破门而入的证据。故选A。6Now that the banks are back on their feet, we expect the extraordinary_ from them to help rebuild the economy.Acategory Bcommitment Ccomponen
6、t Dcompetence【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查名词。A. category 种类； B. commitment承诺，保证； C. component成分，组件； D. competence能力，胜任。句意：现在银行已经恢复了元气，我们希望他们能做出非凡的承诺，帮助重建经济。结合句意可知答案为B。7The success of her book has given her high social .Astatus BsculptureCapproval Dfigure【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查名词辨析。句意：她的书的成功给了她很高的社会地位。A. status地位；B. sculp
7、ture雕塑；C. approval批准；D. figure数字，根据题意，故选A。8On how to improve our spoken English, Mr. Smith has given us _.Amany good advicesBa number of adviceCmuch adviceDsome advices【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查不可数名词的用法。句意：关于如何提高我们的英语口语，史密斯先生给了我们很多建议。advice为不可数名词，需要使用much或者a lot of来修饰；A项中many修饰可数名词；B项a number of修饰可数名词复数；D项advi
8、ces错误，故选C。9The Taiyuan subway is under _ and next year it will be put in use.AproductionBconstructionCdestinationDpermission【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查名词辨析。句意：太原地铁正在建设中，明年将投入使用。A. production 表示“生产”；B. construction 表示“建设”，be under construction 表示正在建设中；C. destination 表示“目的地”、“终点”；D. permission 表示“允许”、“许可”。故选B。10
9、Youve taken the lead in the test again. Can you share your _ for success with us? Remember, the early bird catches the worm.AbonusBrecipeCgloryDfancy【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查名词辨析。句意：你又在考试中领先了。你能和我们分享一下你成功的秘诀吗?记住，早起的鸟儿有虫吃。A. bonus奖金；红利；B. recipe食谱；秘诀；C. glory光荣；荣誉；D. fancy幻想；想象力。根据句意故选B。11Yesterday we went to
10、an _ park where we were _ by performances that we found _ to watch.Aamusement, amusing, amusedBamusement, amused, amusingCamusing, amused, amusementDamusing, amusing, amusement【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查形容词和名词。句意：昨天我们去了一个有趣的公园，那里的表演让我们很开心，我们觉得很有趣。以后缀 ed结尾的形容词通常用于说明人。以后缀 -ing 结尾的形容词主要用于说明事物。所以第一个空填amusing, 修饰par
11、k，第二个空填amused，因为主语为we。而第三个空前的found为及物动词后接名词amusement作宾语。故C选项正确。【点睛】关于-ing形容词与-ed形容词的区别，比较准确的表述应该是：1. 以后缀 ed结尾的形容词(如ashamed, delighted, excited, frightened, interested, moved, pleased, surprised, worried等)通常用于说明人，不用于说明事物，即使它们所修饰的名词是事物，那它们指的也是与该事物相关的人。2. 以后缀 -ing 结尾的形容词(如delighting, exciting, frighten
12、ing, interesting, moving, surprising, worrying 等)主要用于说明事物，表示事物的性质或特征，若用它们说明人，则表示此人具有此性质或特征。以后缀 ed结尾的形容词通常用于说明人。以后缀 -ing 结尾的形容词主要用于说明事物。所以第一个空填amusing, 修饰park，第二个空填amused，因为主语为we。而第三个空前的found为及物动词后接名词amusement作宾语。故C选项正确。12The organization was founded for the _ of poor children.AbenefitBinterestCadvan
13、tageDvalue【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个组织是为了贫困儿童的利益而建立的。A. benefit好处；利益；B. interest兴趣；爱好；C. advantage优势；D. value价值。根据句意故选A。13Can you tell us your _ for happiness and a long life?Living every day to the full, definitely.ArecipeBrecordCrangeDreflection【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：能告诉我你幸福长寿的秘诀吗？一定每天都过得充实。A.
14、recipe秘诀；食谱；B. record记录；C. range范围；D. reflection反射；沉思。根据句意故选A。14She is in a poor _ of health, which worries her mother much.Astate BsituationCposition Dcondition【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查名词词义辨析。A. state状态；B. situation形势；C. position位置；D. condition情况。句意：她身体不好，这让她妈妈很担心。instate of表示“处于一种的状态”，故A项正确。15Deliberately p
15、ush yourself out of your _. Try things that you do not normally try.AoriginBbudgetCroutineDidentity【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查名词词义辨析。A. origin起源；B. budget预算；C. routine常规，惯例；D. identity身份。句意：故意让自己脱离常规。尝试一些你通常不会尝试的事情。结合句意可知答案为C。16The application of VR in classroom teaching received a mixed_among students.Aexplana
16、tion Bmotivation Creception Dadaptation【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查名词辨析。句意：学生们对虚拟现实技术在课堂教学中的应用有褒贬不一的接受。A. explanation解释；B. motivation动机；C. reception接受；D. adaptation适应。根据句意，故选C。17This new phone is aimed at young people in the 18- 25 age _ and in the eye of them, the product can _ a message to other people that th
17、ey are well-off.Arange; deliverBdimension; conveyCrange; conveyDdimension; deliver【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查名词和动词辨析。句意：这款新手机针对的是18- 25岁的年轻人，在他们眼中，这款产品可以向其他人传达一个信息，他们很富裕。短语in .age range“在年龄范围内”，故第一空应用range，dimension表示“尺寸；体积”；第二空中deliver表示“交付；递送”，convey表示“传达；传输”，结合句意故选C。18_is Virginia Woolfs most autobiographica
18、l novel, which develops a series of thoughts rather than a plot, centering on themes like womens role in society, death and change.AThe Garden PartyBThe Green RoomCTo the LighthouseDDaisy Miller【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查名词辨析。句意：到灯塔去是弗吉尼亚伍尔夫最具自传体色彩的小说，它围绕女性在社会中的角色、死亡和变化等主题展开了一系列的思考而非情节的描写。A. The Garden Party花园聚
19、会；B. The Green Room候场室；C. To the Lighthouse 到灯塔去；D. Daisy Miller黛西米勒。由“Virginia Woolf”可知，Virginia Woolf是To the Lighthouse到灯塔去的作者。故选C项。19Teachers have to constantly update their knowledge in order to maintain their professional _AconsequenceBindependenceCcompetenceDintelligence【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句
20、意：老师们要不断地更新自己的知识以保持他们能够胜任工作的能力。A. consequence 结果； B. independence独立； C. competence 资格，能力，胜任，称职 ；D. intelligence 智力。根据句意，C项符合此处语境。故选C。20The suspect was declared innocent for_of convincing evidence.Alack Babsence Cconfusion Dunawareness【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查名词辨析及固定搭配。A. lack缺乏；B. absence缺席，缺勤；C. confusion混淆，
21、困惑；D. unawareness无意识。此句是指“嫌疑犯因缺乏（for lack of）令人信服的证据而被宣布无罪”。for lack of为固定搭配，意为“因而没有，因缺乏”。分析语境可知，此处选A。21Olympic athletes bring joy to people across the world with their_ to push the boundaries of human achievement.AintelligenceBinfluencesCimpressionDattempts【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查名词。句意：奥运健儿们努力突破人类成就的极限，为全世界
22、人民带来了欢乐。A. intelligence智力，理解力；B. influences 影响；C. impression印象，效果；D. attempts企图，试图。结合句意可知D项符合语境。22He proved himself a true gentleman and the beauty of his _ was seen at its best when he worked with others.AaspectBappearanceCtalentDcharacter【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查名词辨析。句意：他证明了自己是一个真正的绅士，当他和别人一起工作时，他的性格之美达到了极致
23、。A. aspect方面；B. appearance外貌；C. talent才华，天才；D. character性格，品质。根据句中a true gentleman 和when he worked with others.可判断绅士在工作时表现出的是性格品质，而不是外表或才华，故选D。23Its difficult to guess what his _ to the news would be.AreactionBopinionCcommentDimpression【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查名词辨析。句意：很难猜测他对这个消息会有什么反应。A. reaction反应；B. opinion
24、观点；C. comment评论；D. impression印象。分析句子可知，应是很难猜测他对消息的反应是什么。故选A。24Lao Gan Ma is the best chilli sauce in China. The company built up its_by constantly providing high-quality products at a relatively low price.AreputationBcampaignCappetiteDoccupation【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：老干妈是中国最好的辣椒酱。该公司通过不断以较低的价格提供高质
25、量的产品而建立了自己的声誉。A. reputation名誉；B. campaign运动；C. appetite胃口；D. occupation职业，占有。由“by constantly providing high-quality products at a relatively low price”可知，reputation“名誉”符合句意。故选A。25The self-driving smart bus is already operating in 10 cities across China, with the latest_ in Shanghai in August.Aexplor
26、ationBexclusionCexpansionDexplosion【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：自动驾驶智能巴士已经在中国10个城市投入运营，最新的一次扩展是今年8月在上海。A. exploration探索，勘探；B. exclusion排外；C. expansion扩大，扩展；D. explosion爆炸。根据句意及选项，此处是说自动驾驶智能巴士最新一次投入使用是在上海。故选C。26Winning _ in the international market, Chinas high-quality products have brought us a good pro
27、fit.AregulationBdevotionCrecognitionDinsurance【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查名词。句意：在国际市场上赢得认可，中国的优质产品给我们带来了很好的利润。A. regulation规章制度；B. devotion奉献；C. recognition认可；D. insurance保险。分析句意可知，此处应表示在国际市场上赢得认可，中国的优质产品给我们带来了很好的利润。结合选项，故选C。27One of the Disney cartoon characters, Donald Duck, is always quick to find _ with othe
28、rs and brings laugher to people of all ages.AmistakeBerrorCblameDfault【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：迪士尼的卡通人物之一唐老鸭总是急着去挑别人的毛病，给各个年龄段的人带来笑声。A. mistake错误；B. error错误；C. blame责备；D. fault缺点、毛病。find fault with sb是固定搭配，表示“挑某人毛病”，故D项正确。28As all the readers can see, the painting presents the childrens mood before
29、the trip and after the trip in a sharp _.AoppositeBcontrastCcomparisonDcontrary【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：正如读者们所看到的，这幅画呈现了孩子们出游前后的心情，二者是截然相反的。A. opposite对立面；B. contrast对照；C. comparison比较；D. contrary相反。此处对比孩子们出游前后的心情，in a sharp contrary表示“恰恰相反”，故D项正确。29The _ on his face told me that he was angry.Aimpre
30、ssionBsightCappearanceDexpression【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他脸上的表情告诉我他生气了。A. impression印象；B. sight视力；C. appearance外观；D. expression表情。根据空后on his face可知，此处指“脸上的表情”。故选D。30They celebrate their wedding _ every year.AadvantageBaimCamountDanniversary【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们每年都庆祝结婚纪念日。A. advantage优势；B. aim目的；C. amount数量；D. anniversary周年纪念日。根据“They celebrate their wedding”可知，此处表示“结婚纪念日”，故D项正确。
