1、Lesson 14Visiting the Great WallSpoken English of Foreign Affairs Part I:on the way to the great wall Aristotle(Greek:Aristotls)(384 BC 322 BC)was a Greek philosopher,a student of Plato and teacher of Alexander the Great.He wrote on many different subjects,including physics,metaphysics,（形而上学/玄学）poet
2、ry,theater,logic,rhetoric（修辞学）,politics,government,ethics（伦理学）,biology（生物学）and Zoology（动物学）.Archimedes Archimedes (Greek:287 BC c.212 BC)was an ancient Greek mathematician,physicist,astronomer and engineer.The Archimedes screw Archimedesabout the lever:Give me a place to stand on,and I will move the
3、 Earth.The period of the Warring states:covers the period from some time in the 5th century BC to the unification of China by the Qin Dynasty in 221 BC.The Seven Warring States,were the Qi,the Chu,the Yan,the Han,the Zhao,the Wei and the Qin.Strategic points:critical location for battles Territory:领
4、土 Unify:To make into or become a unit Nomadic tribe:游牧民族Xiongnu,Mongol,Manchu Extend from to:从.延绵一直到A Review of Part I 1 when was the Great Wall built?2 why was it built?3 whats the total length?4 where is the Badaling section located?5 How high is the highest point?Part II:showing the scenery along
5、 the wall ravine n deep narrow steep-sided valley between mountains 既深且狭 坡度很大的山谷 Flank:side of sth,eg a building or mountain 侧面（如建 物或山的）.If something is flanked by things,it has them on both sides of it,or sometimes on one side of it.Bronze statue of Zhan Tianyou京张铁路的“之”字形线路青龙桥火车站所处的这段铁路是整条京张铁路的精华所在
6、。车站旁的八达岭隧道全长1091米，詹天佑在当时没有新式开山机、抽水机和通风机设备的困难情况下，创造性地采用两端开凿、中开竖井的施工方法，顺利解决了难题，仅用了18个月就开凿成功，为我国铁路第一个超千米长大隧道，它的胜利开通曾在当时令世人瞩目。针对八达岭一带地势陡险、坡度大的难题，詹天佑充分发挥了他的聪明才智，设计了著名的“之”字形线路，使列车能够顺利通过，而青龙桥车站就是这“之”字形线路的中间一段。这两项工程是京张铁路的关键工程。现在的青龙桥火车站还基本保留着100年前的原貌，其主要建筑还是原带有上世纪西洋风格的老候车室，车站旁竖立有一尊詹天佑全身铜像，为1919年詹天佑逝世后中华工程师学会
7、所立；铜像的后边拾级而上，是呈站台状的詹天佑墓，建于1982年，是由铁道部等单位从北京海淀迁移至此的。京张铁路通车后，所有的列车在通过“之”字形线路时，都要在青龙桥站做技术性停靠，车站每天要接送几十对列车。解放后，国家为避开京张铁路青龙桥一段的大坡道，修建了丰沙线铁路，特别是70年代丰沙二线的建成通车，从京张铁路分流走了大部分列车。近年来，随着列车的加大编组和提速，现从北京西客站开出的列车都改走了丰沙线。青龙桥火车站全年的客流已从80年代的10多万人减少到只有几千人。但由北京前往呼和浩特、包头等方向的列车和前往莫斯科的国际列车仍需此站做技术性停留。“之”字形线路也仍在使用中。“人”字型路线这是
8、中国人自己设计、施工的第一条铁路，它永远和一个人的名字联系在一起詹天佑。京张铁路的最大难点在于八达岭段的坡道，100年前是早期的蒸汽机车时代，以当时的机车功率，不可能把列车送上八达岭。英国、美国、德国等外国工程师此时正在暗中看中国人的笑话，因为他们没有拿到京张铁路的修建权，已经放出话来：不要找我们解决。詹天佑跑遍了八达岭周围的所有地形，最后做出一个大胆而巧妙的设计，即采用“人”字型路线：1、列车从三堡车站（A点）出发，进入坡道相对较小的青龙桥车站（B点）。2、在青龙桥变车尾为车头，倒开上八达岭（C点）。3、由于B、C两点的坡度小于A、C间的坡度，列车可以很容易地通过八达岭。这一招儿折服了所有铁
9、路专家，他们不得不佩服中国人的聪明才智。詹天佑与京张铁路的故事被写进了世界铁路史和小学语文教科书。青龙老岭（现称祖山）长城烽火台青龙老岭（现称祖山）长城烽火台 Civil engineering is the planning,design,and building of roads,bridges,harbours,and public buildings Open a new chapter:to make a new achievement turn over a new leaf:To start afresh;to have a new beginning.Annal:record
10、In memory of,erect:The Monument to Peoples Heroes was erected in memory of the soldiers died in the battles.Juyongguan Pass Now there is a highway and railway running through it.Cloud TerraceSculptures on the Cloud TerraceA review of Part II 1 who is Zhan Tianyou?What did he do?2 whats special with
11、the Juyongguan Pass and whats it built for?3 there is a very beautiful structure in this pass,what is it and whats special with it?Part III:climbing the wallhorses abreastlayers of bricksCrane Cable carrierRock slabbattlementparapetWatchtowerParapetBeacon Tower/Signal TowerA review of Part III 1 How
12、 high and how wide is the Ming Great Wall in average?2 How long and how heavy are some of the slabs of rocks?3 How were the earth,bricks and slabs carried up when it was built and how many bricks and rocks were used?4 what did it mean when there was one shot and one signal?Two shots and two signal?Assignment:Make a performance in which you go to the Great Wall with a foreign family.
